θάνατος: Difference between revisions

|Full diacritics=θάνᾰτος

|sltr=<b>θᾰνᾰτος</b> (-ου, -οιο, -ῳ, -ον.) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b> [[death]] [[ἤτοι]] βροτῶν γε κέκριται [[πεῖρας]] οὔ τι θανάτου (O. 2.31) Κύκνον τε θανάτῳ πόρεν (O. 2.82) θάνατον αἰπὺν [[οὐκ]] ἐξέφυγεν (O. 10.42) ὥρᾳ ἅ ποτε ἀναιδέα Γανυμήδει θάνατον ἆλκε ([[μόρον]] coni. Mommsen) (O. 10.105) [[ὀλέσσαι]] οἰκτροτάτῳ θανάτῳ (P. 3.42) ἄνδρ' ἐκ θανάτου κομίσαι [[ἤδη]] ἁλωκότα (P. 3.56) ἐπὶ καὶ θανάτῳ [[φάρμακον]] κάλλιστον ἑᾶς ἀρετᾶς ἅλιξιν εὑρέσθαι σὺν ἄλλοις (P. 4.186) ὁ [[θεῖος]] ἀνὴρ [[πρίατο]] μὲν θανάτοιο κομιδὰν πατρός (P. 6.39) νασιώταις λίθινον θάνατον φέρων (sc. [[Περσεύς]]) (P. 10.48) [[μέλανος]] ἂν ἐσχατιὰν καλλίονα θανάτου λτ;στείχοι&gt; (Er. Schmid, Wil.: θάνατον v. l.) (P. 11.57) τᾷ Δαιδάλου δὲ μαχαίρᾳ φύτευέ οἱ θάνατον Πελίαο [[παῖς]] (N. 4.59) ἀφνεὸς [[πενιχρός]] τε θανάτου παρὰ [[σᾶμα]] νέονται (N. 7.19) [[πεῖραν]] ταύταν θανάτου [[πέρι]] καὶ ζωᾶς ἀναβάλλομαι (N. 9.29) “καὶ ἐμοὶ θάνατον σὺν τῷδ' [[ἐπίτειλον]], [[ἄναξ]]” (N. 10.77) “θάνατόν τε φυγὼν καὶ [[γῆρας]] ἀπεχθόμενον” (N. 10.83) ]τό οἱ ἔτει θανατο[ (Pae. 22.10) ]μαν θάνατον[ Δ. 1. 3. Ἀλαλά ᾇ θύεται [[ἄνδρες]] [[ὑπὲρ]] πόλιος τὸν ἱρόθυτον θάνατον (τὸν ἱρ. θα. secl. Sternbach) fr. 78. 3. θάνατον κεροέσσᾳ εὑρέμεν ματεῖσ' ἐλάφῳ (sc. [[κύων]]) fr. 107a. 4. [[σῶμα]] μὲν πάντων ἕπεται θανάτῳ περισθενεῖ fr. 131b. 1.

|astxt=[[θάνατος]], -ου, ὁ ([[θνήσκω]]), [in LXX [[chiefly]] for מָוֶת ,מוּת, [[sometimes]] דֶּבֶר;] <br />[[death]];<br /><b class="num">1.</b>of the [[death]] of the [[body]], [[whether]] [[natural]] or [[violent]]: Jo 11:13, Phl 2:27, He 7:23, al; opp. to [[ζωή]], Ro 8:38, Phl 1:20; of the [[death]] of Christ, Ro 5:10, Phl 3:10, He 2:9; ῥυέσθαι (σώζειν) ἐκ θ., II Co 1:10, He 5:7; [[περίλυπος]] [[ἕως]] θανάτου, Mt 26:38, Mk 14:34; [[μέχρι]] ([[ἄχρι]]), Phl 2:8, Re 2:10; πληγὴ θανάτου, a [[deadly]] [[wound]]. Re 13:3; [[ἰδεῖν]] θάνατον, Lk 2:26, He 11:5; γεύεσθαι θανάτου, Mk 9:1; [[ἔνοχος]] θανάτου, Mk 14:64; θανάτῳ τελευτᾶν ( Ex 21:17, מוּת יוּמָת), Mk 7:10; [[death]] personified, Ro 6:9, I Co 15:26, Re 21:4; pl., of [[deadly]] perils, II Co 11:23. <br /><b class="num">2.</b>Of [[spiritual]] [[death]]: Jo 5:24 8:51, Ro 7:10, Ja 1:15, 5:20, I Jo 3:14 5:16, al.; of [[eternal]] [[death]], Ro 1:32 7:5, al.; ὁ θ. ὁ [[δεύτερος]], Re 2:11 21:8 (cf. Cremer, 283ff.; DB, iii, 114ff.; DCG, i, 791f.).

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[death]] (Il.).<br />Compounds: Compp., e. g. <b class="b3">ἀ-θάνατος</b> [[immortal]] (Il.), <b class="b3">θανατη-φόρος</b> <b class="b2">death-bringing</b> (A. ; <b class="b3">-η-</b> rhythmic and analog. conditioned, Schwyzer 438f.).<br />Derivatives: Adj.: <b class="b3">θανάσιμος</b> <b class="b2">bringing death, going to die</b> (IA; on the formation Arbenz Die Adj. auf <b class="b3">-ιμος</b> 17 and 70f.; rarely <b class="b3">θανατήσιμος</b>, Arbenz 78f.); also <b class="b3">θανατώδης</b> (Hp.), <b class="b3">θανατόεις</b> (S., E.), <b class="b3">θανατήσιος</b> (Afric.; after <b class="b3">βιοτήσιος</b>, <b class="b3">βροτήσιος</b>), <b class="b3">θανατικός</b> (D. S., Plu.), <b class="b3">θανατηρός</b> (Eust.); <b class="b3">θανατούσια</b> (sc. <b class="b3">ἱερά</b>) pl. <b class="b2">feast for the dead</b> (Luc.; after <b class="b3">γερούσιος</b>). Denomin. verbs: 1. <b class="b3">θανατόω</b> <b class="b2">kill, bring to death, sentence to death</b> (IA) with <b class="b3">θανάτωσις</b>; 2. <b class="b3">θανατάω</b> <b class="b2">like to die</b>, also <b class="b2">be dying</b> (Pl.); 3. <b class="b3">θανατιάω</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Luc.). - The old perfect <b class="b3">τέθνηκα</b> <b class="b2">am dead</b>, pl. <b class="b3">τέθναμεν</b>, ptc. <b class="b3">τεθνηώς</b>, <b class="b3">τεθνεώς</b>, Aeol. inf. <b class="b3">τεθνάκην</b>, with the thematic root aorist <b class="b3">ἔθανον</b> <b class="b2">I died</b> (Il.), the fut. <b class="b3">θανοῦμαι</b> (Il.) and an added present <b class="b3">θνηισκω</b> (inscr.), <b class="b3">θνήσκω</b> (mss.), Aeol. <b class="b3">θναισκω</b> (Hdn. Gr. 2, 79); in prose mostly <b class="b3">ἀπο-θνῄσκω</b>; also with other prefixes, e. g. <b class="b3">κατα-θνῄσκω</b>, <b class="b3">-θανεῖν</b>, <b class="b3">-τέθνηκα</b> (all Il.); on the function of the prefix Schwyzer-Debrunner 268f., Hermann Gött. Nachr. 1943, 617f. Verbal adj. <b class="b3">θνητός</b> [[mortal]] (Il.). - From there <b class="b3">θνήσιμος</b> (only Arg. to S. OT 7) with <b class="b3">θνησιμαῖον</b> [[cadaver]] (LXX; Chantraine Formation 49, Mélanges Maspéro 221); in the same meaning also <b class="b3">θνασίδιον</b>, <b class="b3">θνησ(ε)ίδιον</b> (Lesbos, Ael.; Schwyzer 270). Verbalsubst. <b class="b3">θνῆσις</b> [[dying]], [[mortality]] (medic.); on <b class="b3">εὑθνήσιμος</b> <b class="b2">preparing a soft death</b> (A. Ag. 1294) from <b class="b3">εὖ θνῄσκειν</b>; cf. <b class="b3">εὑθάνατος</b>, <b class="b3">-τέω</b>, <b class="b3">-σία</b>; diff., hardly correct, Arbenz 78 u. 84.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [266] <b class="b2">*dʰ(u)enh₂-</b> [[die]]<br />Etymology: The form <b class="b3">θαν-</b> (<b class="b3">εῖν</b>) and <b class="b3">θάνα-(τος</b>) <b class="b3">θνα-(τός</b>) point to a form <b class="b2">*dhnh₂-</b>, <b class="b2">*dhnh₂-</b>e- beside <b class="b2">*dhnh₂-</b> before consonant. The comparison with Skt. aorist <b class="b2">á-dhvanī-t</b> <b class="b2">he disappeared</b> and the ptc. <b class="b2">dhvān-tá-</b> [[dark]] led to the reconstruction IE <b class="b2">dhu̯enǝ-</b>; the meaning [[die]] stems from a euphemism, cf. Chantraine Sprache 1, 146. See Pok. 266. But the <b class="b2">-u̯-</b> is not quite certain.