ἡσσάομαι: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Att. ἡττ-, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>936</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.3.57</span>: fut. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> ἡσσηθήσομαι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span> 727</span>, <span class="bibl">976</span>, ἡττ- <span class="bibl">Lys.20.32</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>3.3.42</span>: fut. Med. <b class="b3">ἡττήσομαι</b> in pass. sense, <span class="bibl">Lys.28.9</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>2.3.23</span>: aor. ἡσσήθην <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Andr.</span>917</span>, etc.: pf. ἥσσημαι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1242</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>697</span>: plpf. ἥττητο <span class="bibl">D.19.160</span>: Ion. ἑσσόομαι, part. ἑσσούμενος <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.82</span>: impf. <b class="b3">ἑσσοῦτο</b> (without augm.) <span class="bibl">Id.7.166</span>, <span class="bibl">8.75</span>: aor. ἑσσώθην <span class="bibl">Id.2.169</span>, etc.: pf. ἕσσωμαι <span class="bibl">Id.8.130</span> (and v.l. in <span class="bibl">7.9</span>.<b class="b3">β</b>), <span class="bibl">Herod.8.19</span>: (ἥσσων):—<b class="b2">to be less</b> or <b class="b2">weaker than, inferior to</b>, c. gen. pers., <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>697</span>: c. gen. pers. et part., ἡττᾶσθαί τινος εὖ ποιοῦντος <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>3.2.23</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cyr.</span>5.4.32</span>; <b class="b3">ἡττᾶσθαί τινός τινι</b> ib.<span class="bibl">8.2.13</span>; <b class="b3">ἔν τινι</b> in a thing, ib.<span class="bibl">3.3.42</span>, etc.: c. gen. rei, τὸ μὴ δίκαιον τῆς δίκης -ώμενον <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span> 1117</span>: c. neut. Adj. in acc., <b class="b3">ὃ ἡττῷτο</b> wherein he <b class="b2">had proved inferior</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.4.5</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> as a real Pass., <b class="b2">to be defeated, discomfited</b>, ὑπό τινος <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.106</span>, <span class="bibl">And.4.28</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.2.39</span>; <b class="b3">ὑπ' ἔρωτος, ὑπ' ἔχθρας</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>233c</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Plt.</span>305c</span>, etc.; πρὸς τἀφροδίσια <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lg.</span>650a</span>: c. gen. pers., <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>1252</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>70</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.3.57</span>, etc.: c. gen. rei, τοῦ κόπου γὰρ ἕσσωμαι Herod. l.c.: c. dat. modi, ἑσσωθῆναι μάχῃ ὑπό τινων <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.46</span>, etc.; τοῖς ὅλοις <span class="bibl">D.9.64</span>, etc.; also c. acc., μάχην <span class="bibl">Isoc.5.47</span>, <span class="bibl">D.19.320</span>; ἀγῶνα <span class="bibl">D.C.63.9</span>: c. dat., <b class="b3">τῷ θυμῷ</b> <b class="b2">to be broken</b> in spirit, <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.130</span>; ἑσσωθέντες τῇ γνώμῃ πρὸς Κύρου <span class="bibl">Id.9.122</span>; ἡ. περί τι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Sph.</span>239b</span>: abs., <b class="b3">οἱ ἡσσώμενοι</b>, opp. <b class="b3">οἱ κρατοῦντες</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span> 516</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.9</span>.<b class="b3">β</b> ; τὴν γνώμην αὐτῶν οὐχ ἡσσῆσθαι <span class="bibl">Th.6.72</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> as law-term, <b class="b2">to be cast in a suit</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1242</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>482</span>, etc.; ἡττ. ἐν τοῖς δικαστηρίοις <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>4.417</span>; <b class="b3">δίκην, παραγραφήν</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>880c</span>, <span class="bibl">D.45.51</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b2">give way, yield</b>, c. gen. pers., οἱ φύσαντες ἡσσῶνται τέκνων <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>936</span>; εἰ παθών γε σοῦ τάδ' ἡσσηθήσομαι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>976</span>; <b class="b2">give way, be a slave to</b> passion and the like, νηδύος ἡσσημένος <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span>282.5</span>; τοῦ παρόντος δεινοῦ <span class="bibl">Th.4.37</span>; τῶν φόβων <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>635d</span>; ἡδονῆς <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Ages.</span>5.1</span>; ὕπνου <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.5.11</span>; [<b class="b3">χρημάτων</b>] <span class="bibl">Lys.28.9</span>; <b class="b3">τῆς τούτων παρασκευῆς</b> ib. 11; θνητοῦ κάλλους <span class="bibl">Isoc.10.60</span>; πικροῦ ἔρωτος <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>727</span>: c. gen. pers., <b class="b2">to be in love with . .</b>, Plu.2.771f; of other things, ἡττ. τοῦ ὕδατος <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>5.2.5</span>; <b class="b3">τοῦ δικαίου</b> ib.<span class="bibl">5.4.31</span>; τῆς ἀληθείας <span class="bibl">D.18.273</span>; τὸ δίκαιον ἡττ. τοῦ φθόνου <span class="bibl">D.25.75</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> c. dat., <b class="b2">to be overcome by . .</b>, ἀκοῆς ἡδονῇ ἡσσώμενοι <span class="bibl">Th.3.38</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">7.25</span>; ὕπνῳ <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">NA</span>13.22</span>; τοῖς δικαίοις <span class="bibl">Plu. <span class="title">Cat.Mi.</span>16</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> later in Act. ἡττάω, <b class="b2">overcome</b>, τινα <span class="bibl">Corn.<span class="title">ND</span>9</span>, <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Epict.</span>2.22.6</span>, al.: aor. 1 ἥττησα, τὰς ψυχὰς τῶν ὑπεναντίων <span class="bibl">Plb.1.75.3</span>; ταῖς ψυχαῖς τοὺς ὑπεναντίους <span class="bibl">Id.3.18.5</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Heraclit.<span class="title">Incred.</span>16</span>; <b class="b2">defeat</b>, τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους ἀπὸ κράτους ἡττηκότες <span class="bibl">D.S.15.87</span>.</span>

|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-01-1177.png Seite 1177]] att. ἡττάομαι, ion. ἑσσέομαι, fut. ἡσσηθήσομαι, aber auch ἡττήσομαι, Lys. 28, 9 Xen. An. 2, 3, 23; das act. ἡσσηκότες, ἡττήσαντες führt Suhd. an, Isae. 11, 21 ist jetzt geändert; sonst findet es sich nur bei Sp., in der Bedeutung <b class="b2">besiegen</b>, überwältigen, ἥττησε τὰς ψυχὰς τῶν ἐναντίων Pol. 1, 75, 3, vgl. 3, 18, 5; κατὰ [[κράτος]] ἥττησεν D. Sic. 20, 30; τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους ἡττηκότες 15, 87; das pass. oder den. [[ἡσσάομαι]] heißt <b class="b2">schwächer</b> ([[ἥσσων]])<b class="b2"> sein als ein Anderer</b>, ihm nachstchen, gegen ihn den Kürzern ziehen, von ihm übertroffen, besiegt werden; absolut, Thuc. im Ggstz von ἐπικρατεῖν, 1, 49, Aesch. πρὸς τῶν κρατούντων δ' ἐσμέν, οἱ δ' ἡσσημένων, Spt. 498; εἰ κοὐκ ἀρκέσει ποθ' ὗμιν οὐδ' ἡσσημένοις εἴκειν Soph. Ai. 1221; Eur. Phoen. 1264; μάχην, in der Schlacht, Isocr. 4, 145 u. öfter, wie Dem. μάχην ἥττηντο 19, 320; auch τὴν δίκην, im Proceß, d. i. den Proceß verlieren, Plat. Legg. IX, 880 c; öfter in der Gerichtssprache, Ar. Plut. 482; Oratt.; Sp., ἡττήθησαν τὴν μάχην Pol. 5, 105, 10; ähnl. τὴν γνώμην οὐχ ἡσσῆσθαι, den Muth nicht verloren haben, Thuc. 6, 72; aber auch τῷ θυμῷ, γνώμῃ, Her. 8, 130. 9, 122; τῇ μάχῃ, 5, 46; τοῖς δικαίοις, im Proceß, Plut. Cat. min. 16. Ggstz [[νικάω]] Plat. Legg. XII, 955 b, κατορθοῦν Isocr. 4, 124. – Als eigtl. pass., ὑπό τινος, ἑσσοῦσθαι ὑπὸ Περσέων Her. 3, 106. 4, 197; Thuc. 2, 39; ὑπ' ἔρωτος ἡττώμενος Plat. Phaedr. 233 c; ὑπ' ἔχθρας Polit. 305 c; auch [[πρός]] τινος, Her. 9, 122. Seltener c. dat., Eur. Andr. 918; ὕπνῳ Ael. H. A. 13, 22. – Häufiger aber τινός, dem darin liegenden Compar. entsprechend, γυναικὸς ἡσσημένος Eur. Alc. 700; τὸ μὴ δίκαιον τῆς δίκης ἡσσώμενον Ion 1117; τοῦ δεινοῦ, unterliegen, Thuc. 4, 37; Xen. Cyr. 1, 5, 11; τῶν φόβων Plat. Legg. I, 635 d; Sp., ἥττητο Λαγίδος Ath. III, 592 c. – Adj. verb., κοὔτοι γυναικὸς [[οὐδαμῶς]] ἡσσητέα, man darf sich nicht von einem Weibe überwinden lassen, ihm nicht nachgeben, Soph. Ant. 674; vgl. Ar. Lys. 450.