Παιάν: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ᾶνος, ὁ, Ep. Παιήων, ονος, Att., Ion. Παιών, ῶνος (v. sub fin.), Aeol. Πάων, ονος, <span class="bibl">Sapph.<span class="title">Supp.</span>20c</span>.<span class="bibl">5</span>:—<span class="title">Paean</span> or <span class="title">Paeon</span>, the physician of the gods, <span class="bibl">Il.5.401</span>,<span class="bibl">899</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.270</span>; <b class="b3">Παιήονος γενέθλη</b>, i.e. physicians, <span class="bibl">Od.4.232</span>. <span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> title of Apollo (later as epith., Ἀπόλλωνι Παιᾶνι <span class="title">BCH</span>11.94 (Hierocaesarea); ὦ βασιλεῦ Π.… Ἄπολλον <span class="title">BMus.Inscr.</span>1151); ἰὴ Παιήον' ἄειδον <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Ap.</span>517</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Hec.</span>1.1.10</span> (in <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ap.</span>103</span> <b class="b3">ἱὴ ἱὴ Παιήον', ἵει βέλος</b> an etym. from <b class="b3">ἵημι</b> may be suggested); <b class="b3">ἰὴ Παιών</b> <span class="title">GDI</span>iv <span class="bibl">p.884</span> (Erythrae, iv B. C.); ἰήϊε Παιάν <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Ag.</span>146</span>(lyr.), <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>154</span>(lyr.); ἰὼ Παιάν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tr.</span>221</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span> 1212</span>; <b class="b3">ὦναξ Π</b>. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>220</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">τὸν Παίωνά</b> (better <b class="b3">Παιῶνά</b>) τε καὶ τὰς Μούσας ἐπικαλούμενος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Criti.</span>108c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Lg.</span>664c</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1248</span>; Πάον' ὀνκαλέοντες Sapph. l.c.; also of other gods, Ἀσκληπιὸς Παιών <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Pl.</span>636</span>, cf. <span class="title">Pae.Erythr.</span>1; of Zeus at Rhodes, Hsch.; of Dionysus, <span class="bibl">Philod.Scarph.5</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Orph.<span class="title">H.</span>52.11</span>; of Helios, ib.<span class="bibl">8.12</span>; of Pan, ib. <span class="bibl">12.11</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[physician]], [[healer]], παιὼν γενοῦ τῆσδε μερίμνης <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>99</span> (anap.); παιῶνα κακῶν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>168</span> (anap.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> [[saviour]], [[deliverer]], ὦ θάνατε Παιάν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span>255.1</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>1373</span> (anap.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> παιάν, Ep. παιήων, Att., Ion. παιών, [[paean]], i.e. [[choral song]], addressed to Apollo or Artemis (the burden being <b class="b3">ἰὴ</b> or <b class="b3">ἰὼ Παιάν</b>, v. supr. <span class="bibl">1.2</span>), in thanksgiving for deliverance from evil, μολπῇ θεὸν ἱλάσκοντο, καλὸν ἀείδοντες παιήονα <span class="bibl">Il.1.473</span>; Κρητῶν παιήονες <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Ap.</span>518</span>; παιᾶν' ἐπευφήμησεν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span>350.4</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">B. 15.8</span>, Procl. ap. <span class="bibl">Phot.<span class="title">Bibl.</span>p.320</span> B.: hence opp. <b class="b3">θρῆνοι</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>343</span> (anap.), cf. Sch.<span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>636</span> (but v. infr. <span class="bibl">4</span>); addressed to other gods, as to Poseidon after an earthquake, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>4.7.4</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">song of triumph</b> after victory, prop. to Apollo, <span class="bibl">Il.22.391</span> sq.; ἁλώσιμος π. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>635</span>, etc.; also, <b class="b2">battle-song</b>, παιᾶν' ἐφύμνουν σεμνὸν Ἕλληνες <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pers.</span>393</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Lys.2.38</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>4.1.6</span>; addressed to Ares, Sch.<span class="bibl">Th.1.50</span>; <b class="b3">ἐξάρχειν τὸν π</b>. or <b class="b3">τοῦ παιᾶνος</b>, <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">Cyr.</span>3.3.58</span>, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Rom.</span>16</span>; π. ποιεῖσθαι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>7.4.36</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">any solemn song</b> or [[chant]], esp. on beginning an undertaking, <span class="bibl">Th.7.75</span> (pl.); π. γαμήλιος <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>1035</span> (lyr.); τριτόσπονδος π. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>247</span> (lyr.); ἔγχει κἀπιβόα τρίτον παιῶνα <span class="bibl">Pherecr.131.5</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Antiph.4</span>, <span class="bibl">85.5</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> by oxymoron, <b class="b3">π. Ἐρινύων, π. τοῦ θανόντος</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>645</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ch.</span>151</span>; <b class="b3">π. στυγνός</b>, of a dirge, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Tr.</span>126</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">παιᾶνα στενάζειν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">577</span>; π. τῷ κάτωθεν θεῷ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Alc.</span>424</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> in Prosody, [[paeon]], a foot consisting of <span class="bibl">3</span> short and <span class="bibl">1</span> long syll.,,,, or, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1409a2</span> (in form <b class="b3">παιάν</b>; later <b class="b3">παιών</b>), <span class="bibl">Heph.3.3</span>, etc.; also <b class="b3">π. διάγυιος</b>, the foot, and <b class="b3">π. ἐπιβατός</b>, a foot of <span class="bibl">5</span> long sylls., Aristid. Quint.1.16.— Attic form: <b class="b3">Παιών</b> is used of the god in <span class="title">IG</span>12.310.229 (v B. C.), and in codd. of Att. Prose and Com.; <b class="b3">παιάν</b> is used of the song in <span class="title">IG</span>22.1338.19 (i B. C.), but this may be Hellenistic; codd. have <b class="b3">παιών</b> in <span class="bibl">Pherecr.131.5</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>1035</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ion</span>534d</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Lg.</span>700b</span>, <span class="bibl">700d</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.</span>348b</span> (prob. also in <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Smp.</span>177a</span>), <b class="b3">παιάν</b> in <span class="bibl">Antiph.4</span>, <span class="bibl">D.19.338</span>, <span class="bibl">Aeschin.2.162</span>, and freq. in X., <span class="title">HG</span>Il. cc., al. (cf. [[παιωνίζω]]); the metrical foot is always <b class="b3">παιών</b>; the Ion. forms are <b class="b3">παιών, Παιών</b>, <span class="title">SIG</span>57.12 (Milet., v B. C.), <span class="title">GDI</span>ivp.884 (Erythrae, iv B. C.):—Accentuation: <b class="b3">Παιών</b> (the pr. n.) <span class="title">An.Ox.</span>1.276; <b class="b3">παιών</b> (the song) Theognost.<span class="title">Can.</span>38, <span class="bibl">Eust.138.10</span>, <span class="bibl">1109.11</span>, Suid.; <b class="b3">παίων</b> is sts. found in codd., and <b class="b3">Παίων</b> (the god) is right acc. to Suid. Cf. <b class="b3">παιανίζω, -ανισμός, παιωνίζω, -ωνισμός</b>.</span>