δίκαιος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[<b class="b3">ῐ], α, ον,</b> also ος, ον <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>901</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">IT</span>1202</span>, <span class="bibl">D.S.5.72</span>: (δίκη): <span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> in Hom. and all writers, of persons, [[observant of custom]] or [[rule]], <span class="bibl">Od.3.52</span>; esp. <b class="b2">of social rule, well-ordered, civilized</b>, ὑβρισταί τε καὶ ἄγριοι οὐδὲ δ. <span class="bibl">9.175</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">8.575</span>; [Γαλακτοφάγοι] δικαιότατοι <span class="bibl">Il.13.6</span>; [Χείρων] δικαιότατος Κενταύρων <span class="bibl">11.832</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Thgn.314</span>, <span class="bibl">794</span>; <b class="b3">δ. πολίτης</b> a [[good]] citizen, <span class="bibl">D.3.21</span>, etc.: metaph. of the sea, <span class="bibl">Sol.12.2</span> (Sup.); <b class="b3">δικαίη ζόη</b> a [[civilized]] way of living, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.177</span>. Adv. <b class="b3">δικαίως, μνᾶσθαι</b> woo <b class="b2">in due form, decently</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.14.90</span>; ὑπὸ ζυγῷ λόφον δ. εἶχον [[loyally]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>292</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[observant of duty]] to gods and men, [[righteous]], <span class="bibl">Od.13.209</span>, etc.; δ. πρὸς πᾶσαν ὁμιλίην <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Medic.</span> 2</span>; ἰθὺς καὶ δ. <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.96</span>; opp. <b class="b3">δυσσεβής</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>598</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">610</span>; δ. καὶ ὅσιος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>507b</span>; δικαίων ἀδίκους φρένας παρασπᾷς <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>791</span> (lyr.); also of actions, etc., [[righteous]], <b class="b3">ἐπὶ ῥηθέντι δικαίῳ</b> a thing [[rightly]] said, <span class="bibl">Od.18.414</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">ὁ δίκαιος</b>, euphem. of a sacred snake, <span class="title">GDI</span> 5056 (Crete). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">B</span> later: </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> <b class="b2">equal, even, well-balanced</b>, <b class="b3">ἅρμα δίκαιον</b> [[evengoing]] chariot, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>2.2.26</span>: so metaph., νωμᾷ δικαίῳ πηδαλίῳ στρατόν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>1.86</span>; δικαιόταται ἀντιρροπαί <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Art.</span>7</span>; <b class="b3">δικαιότατα μοχλεύειν</b> ibid.: hence, [[fair]], [[impartial]], βάσανος <span class="bibl">Antipho 1.8</span>; συγγραφεύς <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Hist.Conscr.</span>39</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> [[legally exact]], [[precise]], <b class="b3">τῷ δικαιοτάτῳ τῶν λόγων</b> to speak [[quite exactly]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.108</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.3.44</span>; of Numbers, αἱ ἑκατὸν ὀργυιαὶ δίκαιαι <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.149</span>. Adv. -αίως, πάντα δ. ὑμῖν τετήρηται <span class="bibl">D.21.3</span>; <b class="b3">δ. ἐξετάζειν</b> ib.154. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[lawful]], [[just]], esp. <b class="b3">τὸ δ</b>. [[right]], opp. <b class="b3">τὸ ἄδικον</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.96</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>189</span> (lyr.), etc.; τὸ δ. τὸ νόμιμον καὶ τὸ ἴσον <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1129a34</span>; <b class="b3">δ. διορθωτικόν, διανεμητικόν</b>, ib.<span class="bibl">1131b25</span>, <span class="bibl">27</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ πολιτικὸν δ</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">1134b18</span>; ἔστι ἐπιεικὲς τὸ παρὰ τὸν γεγραμμένον νόμον δ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1374a27</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">EN</span>1137b12</span>; καὶ δίκαια κἄδικα <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Nu.</span>99</span>; τὰ ἴσα καὶ τὰ δ. <span class="bibl">D.21.67</span>; <b class="b3">τοὐμὸν δ</b>. my own [[right]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IA</span>810</span>; <b class="b3">ἐλθεῖν ἐπὶ τοῦτο τὸ δ</b>. bring the case to this [[issue]], <span class="bibl">Antipho6.24</span>; <b class="b3">οὐδὲν τῶν δ. ποιεῖν τινί</b> not to do <b class="b2">what is just and right</b> by a man, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>5.3.10</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ δ. ἔχειν, λαμβάνειν</b>, receive <b class="b2">one's due</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">An.</span>7.7.14</span>, <span class="bibl">17</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ δ. πράττεσθαι πόλιν</b> give a city its [[deserts]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>812</span>; <b class="b3">ἐκ τοῦ δικαίου</b>, = [[δικαίως]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>1435</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.2.89</span>; so <b class="b3">ἀπὸ τοῦ δικαίου, τῶν δικαίων</b>, <span class="title">Inscr.Prien.</span>50.8 (ii B. C.), 123.8 (i B. C.); μετὰ τοῦ δ. <span class="bibl">Lys.2.12</span>, <span class="bibl">D.21.177</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ δίκαιον</b> [[lawful claim]], <b class="b3">ἃ ἔχομεν δίκαια πρός</b>… <span class="bibl">Th.3.54</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D. 21.179</span>, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Luc.</span>3</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">τὰ πρὸς ἀλλήλους δ</b>. mutual [[obligations]] or [[contracts]], <span class="bibl">Plb.3.21.10</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπὶ συγκειμένοις τισὶ δικαίοις</b> on certain agreed [[terms]], <span class="bibl">D.H.3.51</span>. Adv. -αίως [[rightly]], [[justly]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.137</span>; μεῖζον ἢ δ. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>376</span> (lyr.); καὶ δ. καὶ ἀδίκως <span class="bibl">And.1.135</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> of persons and things, <b class="b2">meet and right, fitting</b>, δ. τοῦδε τοῦ φόνου ῥαφεύς <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1604</span>; κόσμος οὐ φέρειν δ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Eu.</span>55</span>; <b class="b3">ἵππον δ. ποιεῖσθαί τινι</b> make a horse [[fit for]] another's [[use]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>4.4.5</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cyn.</span>7.4</span> (<b class="b3">ἵππος δ. τὴν σιαγόνα</b> having a [[good]] mouth, <span class="bibl">Poll.1.196</span>). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> [[normal]], σχήματα <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Art.</span>69</span>; φύσις <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fract.</span>1</span> (Sup.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[real]], [[genuine]], γόνος <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>[1119]</span>; ποιῶν τὰ ἐν τῇ τέχνῃ δ. <span class="title">Supp.Epigr.</span>2.184.7 (Tanagra, ii B. C.). Adv., <b class="b3">εἴπερ δικαίως ἐστ' ἐμός</b> [[really and truly]] mine, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>547</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cra.</span>418e</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">ὁ δ. λόγος</b> the plea [[of equity]], <span class="bibl">Th.1.76</span>. Adv. -αίως [[with reason]], <span class="bibl">Id.6.34</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>675</span>: Comp. -ότερον <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>1149</span>, etc.; also -οτέρως <span class="bibl">Isoc. 15.170</span>: Sup. -ότατα <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>1222</span>; Aeol. δικαίτατα <span class="title">IG</span>12(2).526c17 (Eresus). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b3">ψυχὴ ἐς τὸ δ. ἔβη</b> 'the land of the leal', <span class="title">IG</span>7.2543.3 (Thebes). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">C</span> in Prose, <b class="b3">δίκαιός εἰμι</b>, c. inf., <b class="b3">δίκαιοί ἐστε ἰέναι</b> you [[are bound]] to come, <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.60</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">8.137</span>; δ. εἰμεν ἔχειν <span class="bibl">Id.9.27</span>; <b class="b3">δ. εἰμι κολάζειν</b> I [[have a right]] to punish, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>1434</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>400</span>; δ. ἐστι περιπεσεῖν κακοῖς <span class="bibl">Antipho 3.3.7</span>; <b class="b3">δ. εἰσι ἀπιστότατοι εἶναι</b> they [[have most reason]] to distrust, <span class="bibl">Th.4.17</span>; δ. βλάπτεσθαι <span class="bibl">Lys.20.12</span>; δ. ἐστιν ἀπολωλέναι [[dignus est qui pereat]], <span class="bibl">D.6.37</span>; <b class="b3">ὁ σπουδαῖος ἄρχειν δ</b>. [[has a right]] to... <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1287b12</span>; with a non-personal subject, ἔλεος δ. ἀντιδίδοσθαι <span class="bibl">Th.3.40</span>: less freq. in Comp. and Sup., δικαιότεροι χαρίσασθαι <span class="bibl">Lys.20.34</span>; δικαιότατος εἶ ἀπαγγέλλειν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>172b</span>; but <b class="b3">δίκαιόν ἐστι</b> is also found, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.39</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>611</span>, etc.: pl., δίκαια γὰρ τόνδ' εὐτυχεῖν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1126</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tr.</span>495</span>, <span class="bibl">1116</span>; <b class="b3">δικαίως ἄν</b>, c. opt., <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Phdr.</span>276a</span>. [<b class="b3">δικαίων</b> with penult. short in <span class="bibl">Orph.<span class="title">Fr.</span>247.2</span>; cf. <b class="b3">οὐ δίκαον· οὐ δίκαιον</b>, Hsch.]</span>