ὀξεῖα: Difference between revisions

|Definition=<span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">wood sorrel, Oxalis Acetosella</b>, <span class="bibl">Plin.<span class="title">HN</span>27.112</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> = [[ὀξύσχοινος]], <b class="b2">great sea-rush, Juncus acutus</b>, ib.<span class="bibl">21.113</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> = [[ὀξαλίς]], [[sorrel]], [[Rumex acetosa]], Gal.11.667.</span><br /><span class="bld">ὀξύς</span>, εῖα, ύ, Ion. fem. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> ὀξέα <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.23</span>, al., v.l. in <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Mul.</span>1.64</span>, al. (in codd. freq. <b class="b3">ὀξέη</b>, and so <span class="bibl">Babr.73.1</span> metri gr.) : <b class="b3">ὀξεῖα</b>, poet. for neut. pl. <b class="b3">ὀξέα</b>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Sc.</span>348</span> :—[[sharp]], [[keen]], whether of a point or an edge, in Hom. and Hes. mostly of weapons or anything made of metal, ἄκων <span class="bibl">Il.10.335</span>, al.; ἄορ <span class="bibl">21.173</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Sc.</span>457</span> ; βέλος <span class="bibl">Il.4.185</span>, etc.; also of non-metallic substances, λᾶας <span class="bibl">16.739</span> ; μοχλός <span class="bibl">Od.9.382</span> ; σκόλοπες <span class="bibl">Il. 12.56</span>,<span class="bibl">64</span> ; <b class="b3">ὀξεῖα κορυφή</b>, of a mountain-peak, <span class="bibl">Od.12.74</span> ; so πάγοι ὀξέες <span class="bibl">5.411</span> ; <b class="b3">λίθος ὀξὺς πεποιημένος</b> [[sharpened]] so as to serve as a knife, <span class="bibl">Hdt. 7.69</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">3.8</span> ; <b class="b3">κυρβασίας ἐς ὀξὺ ἀπηγμένας</b> brought to a [[point]], <span class="bibl">Id.7.64</span> ; ὄρεα ἐς ὀ. τὰς κορυφὰς ἀ. <span class="bibl">Id.2.28</span> ; <b class="b3">τὸ ὀ</b>. the [[apex]] of a triangle, ib.<span class="bibl">16</span> ; of the heart, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Resp.</span>478b5</span> ; τὸ ὀ. τοῦ ᾠοῦ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">GA</span>752b8</span> ; <b class="b3">ὀ. γωνία</b> an [[acute]] angle, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Top.</span>107a16</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Euc.1</span> <span class="title">Def.</span>12, <span class="bibl">Archim. <span class="title">Spir.</span>16</span> ; Χρόνος ὀξὺς ὀδόντας <span class="bibl">Simon.176</span> ; <b class="b3">ἡ ὀξεῖα</b>, name of a surgical instrument, <span class="title">Hermes</span> 38.282, Heliod. ap. <span class="bibl">Orib.44.23.59</span> ; but also, a <b class="b2">pointed splinter</b> of bone, ib.<span class="bibl">46.20.5</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> in reference to the senses, </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> of feeling, [[sharp]], [[keen]], ὀδύναι <span class="bibl">Il.11.268</span> ; <b class="b3">ὀ. ἠέλιος</b> the [[piercing]] sun, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Ap.</span>374</span> ; <b class="b3">ὀξειᾶν ἀκτίνων πατήρ</b>, i.e. the Sun, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>7.70</span> ; Σείριος ὀξὺς ἐλλάμπων <span class="bibl">Archil.61</span> ; πῦρ ὀ. <span class="bibl">Anaxipp.1.12</span> ; so χιὼν ὀξεῖα <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>1.20</span> ; so also of grief and the like, ἄχος <span class="bibl">Il.19.125</span> ; μελεδῶναι <span class="bibl">Od.19.517</span> : and generally, [[sharp]], [[severe]], μάχη ὀξέα . . γίνεται <b class="b2">keenly contested</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.23</span> ; ὀ. πυρετός <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">VM</span>16</span> (Sup.); [ἡ νόσος] ὀξεῖα φοιτᾷ καὶ ταχεῖ' ἀπέρχεται <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>808</span> ; <b class="b3">νόσοι, μανίαι</b>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>8.85</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">N.</span>11.48</span> (Comp.), cf. Hp.<span class="title">Acut.</span>tit., Archig. ap. Gal.9.887 ; πάθαι <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>3.97</span> ; ἐπιμομφά <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">O.</span>10(11).9</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> of the sight, ὀξύτατον ὄμμα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">N.</span>10.62</span> ; ὄψις . . ὀξυτάτη τῶν διὰ τοῦ σώματος . . αἰσθήσεων <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span> 250d</span> : freq. in neut. as Adv., <b class="b3">ὀξύτατον δέρκεσθαι</b> to be [[keenest]] of sight, <span class="bibl">Il.17.675</span> ; ὀξύτατα καθορᾶν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>516c</span> ; so <b class="b3">ὀξὺ νοεῖν</b> notice a thing [[sharply]], <span class="bibl">Il.3.374</span> ; ὀξὺ προϊδεῖν <span class="bibl">Od.5.393</span> ; ὀξύτερον βλέπει <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>1048</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Lys.</span>1202</span> (lyr.) : prov., ὀξύτερον τοῦ Λυγκέως βλέπειν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pl.</span>210</span>, cf. Macar.<span class="title">Prov.</span>6.41 ; also <b class="b3">ὀξὺ ἄκουσεν</b> heard <b class="b2">with sharp ear</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.17.256</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>927b</span> ; <b class="b3">ὀξεῖαν ἀκοὴν . . λόγοις διδούς</b> [[keen]] attention, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span> 30</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> of things that affect the sight, [[dazzling]], [[bright]], αὐγὴ Ἠελίου <span class="bibl">Il.17.372</span> ; [Ἠελίου] ὀξύτατον πέλεται φάος εἰσοράασθαι <span class="bibl">14.345</span> : hence of colours, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pax</span>1173</span> (v. φοινικίς <span class="bibl">2</span>) ; αἱ ὀξεῖαι χροιαί <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Phgn.</span>806b4</span> ; πορφύρα <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Cat.Mi.</span>6</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PHolm.</span>20.36</span> ; [ἐσθὴς] ὀξυτέρα καὶ τηλαυγεστέρα <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">NA</span>4.46</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> of sound, [[shrill]], [[piercing]], ἀϋτή <span class="bibl">Il.15.313</span> ; ὀξὺ βοήσας <span class="bibl">17.89</span> ; ὀξὺ δὲ κωκύσασα <span class="bibl">18.71</span> ; ὀξὺ λεληκώς <span class="bibl">22.141</span> ; ὀξέα κεκληγώς <span class="bibl">17.88</span>, etc.; of whinnying horses, ὀξεῖα χρέμισαν <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Sc.</span>348</span> ; of young pigs, ὀξὺ κεκράγατε <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>804</span> ; of the scream of birds of prey, ὀξέα κλάζων <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>112</span> (anap.) ; of metals, ἰάχεσκε σάκος ὀξέα καὶ λιγέως <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Sc.</span>233</span> ; also of the wail of the nightingale (cf. [[ὀξύφωνος]]), ὄρνιθος ὀ. φθόγγον <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>424</span> ; so <b class="b3">ἐπηλάλαξαν τὸν ὀ. νόμον</b> shrieked their [[shrill]] song, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>952</span> (lyr.) ; <b class="b3">ὀξὺ μέλος</b>, of the grasshopper, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>1095</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> of musical tones, in a technical sense, <b class="b2">high-pitched</b>, opp. βαρύς, φθόγγοι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>80a</span>, <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">Cyn.</span>6.20</span> ; ὀξυτάτη χορδή <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>268d</span> ; φωνὴ ὀξεῖα, βαρεῖα, μέση <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1403b29</span> ; τῷ ὀξεῖ ἐν φωνῇ μὲν ἐναντίον τὸ βαρύ, ἐν ὄγκῳ δὲ τὸ ἀμβλύ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Top.</span>106a13</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> in Music, <b class="b3">δι' ὀξειῶν</b> (Dor. <b class="b3">-ᾶν</b>) <b class="b2">interval of a fifth</b>, <span class="bibl">Philol.6</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pr.</span>920a24</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">d</span> <b class="b3">ἡ ὀξεῖα</b> (sc. <b class="b3">προσῳδία</b>) the [[acute]] accent, <span class="bibl">D.T.630.1</span>, <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Pron.</span>35.10</span>, al.; <b class="b3">τὸν τόνον φυλάσσειν ὀ</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">60.1</span> ; ὀ. συλλαβή <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cra.</span>399b</span> ; ὀ. στοιχεῖον <span class="bibl">S.E.<span class="title">M.</span>1.113</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> of taste, [[sharp]], [[pungent]], [[acid]], φακῆ <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>6.2.31</span> ; ὄξος <span class="bibl">Diph.18.1</span> ; οἶνος <span class="bibl">Alex. 141.12</span> ; ἐξ ὀξέος καὶ ἁλμυροῦ ξυνθεὶς ζύμωμα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>74c</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> of smell, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">de An.</span>421a30</span> ; ὀξύτατον ὄζειν τινός <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>193</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> metaph., of the inner sense, [[sharp]], [[keen]], [[hasty]], esp. <b class="b2">quick to anger, passionate</b>, epith. of Ares, <span class="bibl">Il.2.440</span>,al. ; μένος ὀξύ <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Hom.</span>8.14</span> ; καρδίη ὀξυτέρη <span class="bibl">Thgn.366</span> ; θυμὸς ὀ. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1193</span> ; νέος καὶ ὀ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>463e</span> ; οἱ ἀκρόχολοι ὀξεῖς <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1126a18</span> : so in <b class="b3">ὀξύ-θυμος, -κάρδιος, -χολος</b>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[sharp]], [[quick]], δεινοὶ καὶ ὀξεῖς <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>39b</span> : c. inf., ἐπινοῆσαι ὀ. <span class="bibl">Th.1.70</span> ; γνῶναι . . ὀξύτατοι τὰ ῥηθέντα <span class="bibl">D.3.15</span> ; also εἰς πάντα τὰ μαθήματα ὀξεῖς <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>526b</span> ; τὰς ἐνθυμήσεις ὀξύς <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Salt.</span> 81</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> of motion, [[quick]], [[swift]], post-Hom., ὀξυτάτους ἵππους <span class="bibl">Hdt. 5.9</span> (v.l. [[ὠκυτάτους]]) ; ἱερακίσκος <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>1112</span> ; ὀξυτέρῳ χαλινῷ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span> 108</span> (lyr.) ; of a report, ὀξεῖα βάξις διῆλθ' Ἀχαιούς <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Aj.</span>998</span> ; <b class="b3">ὀξεῖαν ἐκβάλλει ῥοήν</b>, of a dying man, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ant.</span>1238</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1389</span> ; of a flame, [[fierce]], <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>5.9.3</span> ; ᾄξας ὀξὺς νότος ὥς <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>258</span> (anap.) ; <b class="b3">τὸ εὔψυχον . . ὀξεῖς ἐνδείκνυνται</b> are [[quick]] in displaying, <span class="bibl">Th.4.126</span> ; opp. <b class="b3">βραδύς</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.8.96</span> ; opp. <b class="b3">ῥάθυμος</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EE</span>1240a2</span> ; opp. <b class="b3">ἡσύχιος</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">EN</span>1116a9</span> ; ὀ. παράγγελμα <span class="bibl">Onos.10.2</span> ; <b class="b3">ὀ. καιρός</b> an [[urgent]] crisis, <span class="bibl">Id.6.1</span>, al.; <b class="b3">ὁ ὀ. δρόμος</b> the [[express]] post, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>900.7</span> (iv A. D.), <span class="bibl">2115.6</span> (iv A. D.) ; ὀξεῖς οἱ πόδες αὐτῶν ἐκχέαι αἷμα <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Rom.</span>3.15</span> : esp. in Adv. (v. infr.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> regul. Adv. <b class="b3">ὀξέως</b> [[quickly]], [[soon]], <b class="b3">βοηθεῖν, μεταχειρίσαι</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.6.10</span>,<span class="bibl">12</span>, etc.; [[sharply]], <b class="b3">ὁρᾶν, αἰσθάνεσθαι</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>567b</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phdr.</span> 263c</span> ; poet. ὀξείως <span class="title">Epigr.Gr.</span>986.3 (Philae) : Comp. ὀξυτέρως <span class="bibl">Hp. <span class="title">Epid.</span>3.17</span>.<b class="b3">β'</b> ; <b class="b3">ὀξυτέρως ἀποθῄνσκειν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">1.2</span> ; but, </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> neut. <b class="b3">ὀξύ</b> and pl. <b class="b3">ὀξέα</b> as Adv., v. supr. <span class="bibl">11.2</span>,<span class="bibl">3</span> : Comp. ὀξύτερον <span class="bibl">Th.2.8</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span> 190a</span> : Sup. ὀξύτατον <span class="bibl">Il.17.675</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>741d</span> ; or ὀξύτατα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>401e</span>, al. (Cf. <b class="b3">ὀξίνα, ὄκρις</b>.) </span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: adj.<br />Meaning: [[sharp]], [[stinging]], of taste [[sour]], [[tartish]], of the voice [[clear]], [[loud]], of inner and outer movement [[fierce]], [[acute]], [[rapid]] (Il.).<br />Compounds: Very often as 1. member, also with prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">ἄπ-οξυς</b> [[pointed]] (Hp., Dsc., Gal.), backformation from <b class="b3">ἀπ-οξύνω</b>, s. Strömberg Prefix Studies 41 f.<br />Derivatives: From it [[ὄξος]] n. <b class="b2">wine vinegar</b> (s. v.); <b class="b3">ὀξύτης</b>, <b class="b3">-ητος</b> f. [[sharpness]], [[sourness]], [[acuteness]], gramm. <b class="b2">high-tonedness</b> (IA.); <b class="b3">ὀξύς</b>, <b class="b3">-ύδος</b> f. [[dock]], [[Rumex]] (Plin., Gal.; cf. <b class="b3">ἐμύς</b>, <b class="b3">κροκύς</b> and Chantraine Form. 347 f.). Denomin. verb <b class="b3">ὀξύνω</b>, also w. prefix, esp. <b class="b3">παρ-</b>, <b class="b2">to sharpen, to whet, to sour, to heat</b> (IA.) with <b class="b3">ὄξυντρα</b> n. pl. <b class="b2">payment for a sharpener</b> (hell. inscr.), <b class="b3">ὀξύσματα</b> n. pl. [[whetting]], [[sharpening]] (Delos IIIa), <b class="b3">παροξυσμός</b> m. [[irritation]], [[embitterment]] (Hp., D.), <b class="b3">-ντικός</b> [[enlivening]], [[irritating]], [[embittering]] (IA.), <b class="b3">-νταί</b> pl. H. (<b class="b3">ὀξύντης</b> Hdn. 1, 77, 25; cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 205).<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]<br />Etymology: Without exact non-Greek agreement. One compares [[ὄκρις]] (s. v.), beside which with much more usual <b class="b3">α-</b>vowel <b class="b3">ἄκρος</b> etc.; in <b class="b3">ὀξ-ύς</b> one assumes the reduced grade <b class="b2">oḱs-</b> of the <b class="b2">s-</b>stem assumed in [[ἀκοστή]] (s. v.), <b class="b3">ἀμφ-ήκης</b> (uncertain, s. [[ἠκή]]) a.o. WP. 1, 31, Pok. 21, W.-Hofmann s. 2. [[ācer]], 1. [[acus]]. Cf. [[ὀξίνα]]. - The etymology is quite unconvincing and must be rejected. Is the word Pre-Greek? - To be rejected Haas Ling. Posn. 3, 78 (s. on [[ξαίνω]]).