νῦν: Difference between revisions

|Definition=(for νυν, νυ, v. infr. II), Adv. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[now]], both of the [[present moment]], and of the [[present time]] generally, <b class="b3">οἳ ν. βροτοί εἰσιν</b> mortals [[of our day]], <span class="bibl">Il.1.272</span> ; so in Ion. and Att., <b class="b3">οἱ ν. [ἄνθρωποι]</b> men [[of the present day]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.68</span> ; οἵ γε ν. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>1.105</span>, <span class="bibl">B.5.4</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1069a26</span> ; <b class="b3">ὁ ν. τρόπος, τὸ ν. βαρβαρικόν</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.6</span> ; <b class="b3">Βοιωτοὶ οἱ ν</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">12</span> ; ὁ ν. παρὼν χρόνος <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>174</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prm.</span>141e</span> ; ἡμέρα ἡ ν. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>351</span> ; νὺξ ἡ ν. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ant.</span>16</span> ; ἡ ν. ὁδός <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">El.</span>1295</span> ; τὸ ν. [[the present]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ph.</span>218a6</span>, al. ; ἀπὸ τοῦ ν. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prm.</span>152c</span>, <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Ge.</span>46.30</span>, etc. ; ἀπὸ ν. <span class="title">AP</span>5.40 (Rufin.) ; ἕως τοῦ ν. <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Ge.</span>46.34</span> ; <b class="b3">μέχρι ν</b>. (v.l. [[μ. τοῦ ν]].) <span class="bibl">D.S.17.110</span> ; <b class="b3">τὰ ν</b>. simply, = [[ν]]., <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.104</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>641</span>, etc. ; τό περ ν. <span class="bibl">Pi. <span class="title">N.</span>7.101</span> ; τὰ δὲ ν. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>133</span> (lyr.) ; τὸ ν. εἶναι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>506e</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>5.3.42</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ath.</span>31.2</span> ; τὸ ν. ἔχον <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>24.25</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> of the immediate past, <b class="b2">just now, but now</b>, ν. Μενέλαος ἐνίκησεν <span class="bibl">Il.3.439</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">13.772</span>, <span class="bibl">Od. 1.43</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>84</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>4.5.48</span> ; ν. γοῦν ἐπεχείρησας <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>341c</span> ; ἡλίκα ν. ἐτραγῴδει <span class="bibl">D.18.13</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> of the future, [[presently]], ν. αὖτ' ἐγχείῃ πειρήσομαι <span class="bibl">Il.5.279</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">20.307</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.1.200</span> ; ν. φεύξομαι, τόθ' ἁγνὸς ὤν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span>975</span> ; cf. <b class="b3">νῦν δή, νυνί</b>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> sts. opp. to what might have been under other circumstances, [[as it is]] (or <b class="b2">was), as the case stands</b> (or <b class="b2">stood), as a matter offact</b>, ν. δ' ὁ μὲν ὣς ἀπόλωλε <span class="bibl">Od.1.166</span> ; εἰ μὲν ὑπώπτευον, οὐκ ἂν… ἐποιούμην· ν. δὲ κτλ. <span class="bibl">Th.4.126</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1.122</span>, <span class="bibl">3.113</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Cra.</span>384b</span>, <span class="bibl">D.18.195</span>, etc. ; <b class="b3">καὶ ν</b>. even [[so]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>7.4.24</span>,<span class="bibl">7.7.17</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> coupled with other Particles, τὰ ν. γε <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>245</span>, etc. ; ν. γε μάν <span class="bibl">Pi. <span class="title">P.</span>1.50</span> ; <b class="b3">ν. δή</b>, v. h. v. : with other expressions of Time, <b class="b3">ν.… σήμερον, ν. ἡμέρη ἥδε</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.7.29</span>, <span class="bibl">13.828</span> ; ν. ἤδη [[henceforth]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>801</span> (anap.), etc. ; ν.… ἄρτι [[but now]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cra.</span>396c</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> enclit. (but see below) νυν<b class="b3">, νυ. [νυ</b> only Ep., Boeot., and Cypr. (also Arc. in <b class="b3">ὅνυ</b>, q. v.) ; νῠν twice in Hom., <span class="bibl">Il.10.105</span>, <span class="bibl">23.485</span> : ῡ in Trag. (ῡ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>242</span>,<span class="bibl">246</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>705</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>1678</span>, etc. ; ῠ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>92</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Andr.</span>91</span>, etc.), ῡ in Com. (<span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>1381</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pl.</span>975</span>, al.), exc. <span class="bibl">Cratin.144</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>105</span> (lyr., citing Agatho), and perh. <span class="title">Nu.</span>141 ; both quantities in <b class="b3">τοίνυν</b>, q.v.] </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> rarely of Time, [[now]], perh. so used in <span class="bibl">Il.10.105</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Parm.19.1</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi. <span class="title">P.</span>11.44</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Epich.170.6</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> in Ep. mostly as a particle of emphasis, ἧκε δ' ἐπ' Ἀργείοισι κακὸν βέλος· οἱ δέ νυ λαοὶ θνῇσκον <span class="bibl">Il.1.382</span>, etc. : freq. coupled with other Particles or Conjs., ἦ ῥά ν. <span class="bibl">4.93</span> ; καί νύ κεν <span class="bibl">3.373</span> ; <b class="b3">οὔ ν., μή νύ τοι</b>, <span class="bibl">10.165</span>, <span class="bibl">1.28</span> ; <b class="b3">ἐπεί νύ τοι</b> ib.<span class="bibl">416</span> ; ὥς νύ περ <span class="bibl">2.258</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> in commands or entreaties, μή ν. μοι νεμεσήσετ' <span class="bibl">15.115</span> : freq. with other Advbs., <b class="b3">δεῦρό ν</b>. come <b class="b2">now !</b> <span class="bibl">23.485</span> ; ἐνταῦθά ν. ὕβριζε <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>82</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>1001</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">V.</span>149</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pl.</span>724</span> ; εἶά ν. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pax</span>467</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">V.</span>430</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pl.</span>316</span> : freq. with imper., <b class="b3">φέρε ν</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">789</span> ; ἄγε ν. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pax</span>1056</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">V.</span>381</span> ; σπεῦδέ ν. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pl.</span>414</span> ; σίγαν. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>87</span>, Cratin.l.c. ; περίδου ν. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>644</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>5.3.21</span>, etc. ; ὕφαινέ ν. <span class="bibl">B.18.8</span> ; so in Boeot., ν. ἔνθω <span class="title">IG</span>7.3172.88 (Orchom.) ; also in Cypr. with opt. in commands, <b class="b3">δυϝάνοι ν., δώκοι ν</b>., <span class="title">Inscr.Cypr.</span>135.6,16 H. (Idalion). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> in questions, <b class="b3">τίς ν. ; τί ν.</b>; who, what, why <b class="b2">now?</b> <span class="bibl">Il.5.373</span>, <span class="bibl">1.414</span>,<span class="bibl">4.31</span> ; <b class="b3">ἦ νυ…</b>; <span class="bibl">Od.6.125</span>. [In signf. I always perispom. In signf. II perispom. exc. when short, Hdn.Gr.<span class="bibl">2.39</span>, al. ; enclit. when short, sts. in codd., as <span class="bibl">Il.23.485</span> (Pap. in <span class="title">AJP</span>21.304, etc. ; oxyt. when = [[δή]], Tyrannioap.Hdn.Gr.2.27 ; <b class="b3">καθ' ὁμαλισμόν</b> or <b class="b3">κατ' ἔγκλισιν</b> when=<b class="b3">δή</b>, Sch.<span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>414</span>, Sch.<span class="bibl">A.R.1.664</span>). In codd. usu. perispom. in both senses, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>82</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Th.</span>242</span>, <span class="bibl">246</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>705</span>,<span class="bibl"><span class="title">El.</span>324</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>414</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">V.</span>758</span>,<span class="bibl">922</span>, etc. ; even νῠν is written <b class="b3">νῦν</b> in codd. vett. Pi. [[passim]], also in <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>87</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tr.</span>92</span>, etc. ; hence νυν may freq. be restored where the sense requires it. The accent of <b class="b3">τοίνῡν</b> perh. shows that both νῠν and νῡν could be enclitic.—Position : in signf. I <b class="b3">νῦν</b> can occupy any position ; in signf. II it prefers (like other enclitics, but also like [[ἄν, δέ, γάρ]], etc.) the second place in the sentence, e.g. πρός νύν σε πατρός <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>468</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OC</span>1333</span> ; ἀπό νύν με λείπετ' ἤδη <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1177</span> (lyr.) ; μετά νυν δός <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>56</span> (lyr.) ; νυ (always enclitic) precedes other enclitics and allows only <b class="b3">δέ</b> to precede.] (Cf. Skt. <b class="b2">nú, nū́, nūnám</b>, OE. [[nū]] 'now', etc.)</span>

|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-02-0270.png Seite 270]] [[nun]], [[jetzt]], sowohl von dem gegenwärtigen Augenblick, als von einem längern Zeitraume, der der Vergangenheit od. Zukunft entgegengesetzt wird; Ggstz von [[πάλαι]], οἷον ἐγὼ [[νοέω]] ἠμὲν [[πάλαι]] ἠδ' ἔτι καὶ νῦν, Il. 9, 105; Ggstz von [[ὀπίσσω]], 6, 354; φίλον [[τέως]], νῦν δ' ἐχθρόν, Aesch. Ch. 987; νῦν τε καὶ σμικρὸν [[ἔμπροσθεν]], Plat. Phil. 18 d; [[τότε]] μὲν – νῦν δέ, Rep. I, 329 a u. öfter; – νῦν [[ἄρτι]], Crat. 396 c; νῦν ἡμέρη ἥδε, Il. 8, 541. – a) sehr gewöhnlich mit dem praes., Hom. u. Folgde überall; auch mit dem imperat., ἄρχετε νῦν νέκυας φορέειν, Od. 22, 437; νῦν δέρκου θαρσῶν, νῦν δέ μοι λέγε, Soph. Phil. 144. 152 (vgl. νύν); so auch mit dem imperat. aor., καὶ νῦν ἔασον, Aesch. Prom. 332; τὰ λοιπὰ νῦν ἀκούσατε, 705; Suppl. 315; [[ἐκεῖσε]] νῦν μέθες με, Soph. Phil. 805; ἀλλὰ νῦν ἔτ' ἐν σαυτῷ γενοῦ, 983, öfter; u. so auch μὴ νῦν ἔτ' αὐτῶν μηδὲν ἐς θυμὸν βάλῃς, O. R. 975, μὴ νῦν ἔτ' εἴπῃς, El. 316; auch beim opt. aor., O. R. 1183. – b) mit dem perf.; οὓς γὰρ νῦν ἀκήκοας λόγους, Aesch. Prom. 917; εἴ τι μὴ [[δαίμων]] παλαιὸς νῦν μεθέστηκε στρατῷ, Pers. 154; τὰ νῦν πεπραγμένα, 787; νῦν αὖ [[τρίτος]] ἦλθέ ποθεν [[σωτήρ]], Ch. 1069; νῦν δ' ἠπάτημαι [[δύσμορος]], Soph. Phil. 937; ἔγνωκα μὲν νῦν, O. C. 96, vgl. Ant. 1150 Tr. 1064, öfter; Plat. Rep. V, 473 e; ἣ ἐμοὶ [[ἐξαίφνης]] νῦν οὕτωσι προσπέπτωκεν [[ἄρτι]], Crat. 396 c; Xen. Cyr. 5, 2, 27. – c) auffallender mit dem aor.; νῦν μὲν γὰρ [[Μενέλαος]] ἐνίκησεν, Il. 3, 439, vgl. 13, 772 Od. 1, 43. 166. 182; τοιῶνδέ γ' ἀρχῶν νῦν ἐπεμνήσθην πέρι, Aesch. Pers. 321, vgl. 524. 885; Ag. 1248; νῦν δὲ ὤρθωσας στόματος γνώμην, 1454; νῦν δ' εἰσῆλθε [[ἔρις]], Soph. O. C. 372; νῦν δ' ἔχρισα, Trach. 685, vgl. 160. 650; Ai. 18. 974; u. in Prosa, [[καθάπερ]] νῦν εἶπες, wie du es so eben sagtest, Plat. Soph. 241 d Polit. 307 c. – d) auch mit dem imperf., vgl. weiter unten νῦν δή; so Xen. καὶ γὰρ νῦν, ὅτε [[ἄνευ]] ἡμῶν ἐκινδυνεύετε, πολὺν φόβον ἡμῖν παρείχετε, Cyr. 4, 5, 48, vgl. 5, 4, 32. 6, 1, 43; Dem. 19, 65 ὅτε γὰρ νῦν ἐπορευόμεθα, als wir jetzt, d. i. vor Kurzem reif'ten. – e) cum futuro, den Beginn der künftigen Handlung in der Gegenwart zu bezeichnen, νῦν αὖτ' ἐγχείῃ πειρήσομαι, Il. 5, 279. 20, 307 Od. 1, 200; νῦν δὲ θεοῖσι [[πρῶτα]] δεξιώσομαι, Aesch. Ag. 825; vgl. Suppl. 49 ff, νῦν τῶν [[πρόσθε]] πόνων μνασαμένα τά τε νῦν ἐπιδείξω πιστὰ τεκμήρια; u. Soph. νῦν δ' [[εὐδαίμων]] ἀνύσει, Phil. 710; νῦν γέ σοι ἑκὼν ἐκστήσομαι, 1042; ὡς τοῦτο νῦν πεπράξεται, O. C. 865, öfter; u. in Prosa, ταύτην καὶ ἐγὼ νῦν ἔχων διάξω, Xen. Cyr. 7, 2, 27. – f) mit dem Artikel, gew. bei einem Nomen, so daß das partic. ὤν ergänzt, u. νῦν adjectivisch betrachtet werden kann, [[jetzig]]; Aesch. ἀξιώτατος βροτῶν τῶν νῦν, Ag. 518; Plat. σοφωτάτῳ τῶν γε νῦν, Prot. 309 c; [[ἅπερ]] καὶ οἱ νῦν ἔχουσι, Rep. II, 372 e, u. sonst; auch öfter bei Soph., ἡ νῦν [[ἱμέρα]] El. 906, ἀφ' ἡμέρας τῆς νῦν O. R. 352, τῷ πότμῳ τῷ νῦν 272, ἐν νυκτὶ τῇ νῦν Ant. 16, ὁ νῦν [[ἔπαινος]] O. C. 1413, öfter; Eur.; u. in Prosa, κατὰ τὸν νῦν δή λόγον Plat. Soph. 256 c, τῶν νῦν τιμῶν, Rep. VII, 540 d. Aber auch τὸ νῦν u. τὰ νῦν, auch in einem Wort geschrieben, [[τονῦν]], [[τανῦν]], was das Jetzt anlangt, verstärkt = νῦν; τὰ νῦν τάδε, Her. 7, 104; oft bei den Tragg. u. in att. Prosa, ὥςπερ τὸ νῦν, Plat. Theaet. 187 b, [[καθάπερ]] τὸ νῦν δή, Phil. 27 a, τί οὖν τὰ νῦν; Prot. 309 b, öfter; τὰ νῦν δὴ [[ἡμεῖς]], Legg. III, 686 c; vgl. τό γε νῦν, Pind. P. 11, 44, τό περ νῦν, N. 7, 101; [[δαίμων]] τὰ νῦν γ' ἐλαύνει, Soph. O. C. 1750; τὰ δὲ νῦν τιν' ἥκειν [[λόγος]], 132; so auch τὸ νῦν εἶναι, Xen. Cyr. 5, 3, 42 An. 3, 2, 37 u. sonst, s. [[εἰμί]] – Abgeleitet von der Bezeichnung der Gegenwart ist der Gebrauch, daß es bes. einen Ggstz gegen einen hypothetischen Satz der Nichtwirklichkeit, das, was n un wirklich ist, ausdrückt; εἰ γάρ μ' ὑπὸ γῆν ἧκεν –, νῦν δ' αἰθέριον [[κίνυγμα]] ὁ [[τάλας]] [[πέπονθα]], Aesch. Prom. 157, vgl. 757, <b class="b2">nun aber, so aber</b>; [[καλῶς]] ἂν ἐξείρητό σοι, εἰ μὴ 'κύρει ζῶσ' ἡ τεκοῦσα· νῦν δ', ἐπεὶ ζῇ, πᾶσ' [[ἀνάγκη]] ὀκνεῖν, Soph. O. R. 985; οὐκ ἂν ὧδ' ἐγιγνόμην [[κακός]]· νῦν δ' οὐδὲν εἰδὼς ἱκόμην, O. C. 274; vgl. 911. 1369, öfter; εἰ μὲν γὰρ ἦν ἁπλοῦν –, νῦν δὲ τὰ μέγιστα τῶν ἀγαθῶν γίγνεται διὰ μανίας, Plat. Phaedr. 244 a; Thuc. 3, 113; εἰ ἠπιστάμεθα, ὅτι ἥξει, οὐδὲν ἂν ἔδει – · νῦν δέ, ἐπεὶ τοῦτ' ἄδηλον, δοκεῖ μοι, Xen. An. 5, 1, 10, vgl. 7, 8, 16; Sp. – Unter den Vrbdgn mit Partikeln bemerke man bes. νῦν δή, [[jetzt nun]], auch in Beziehung auf Vergangenes, [[so eben]], ἃ νῦν δὴ ἔλεγον, Plat. Prot. 329 c, [[ὅπερ]] νῦν δὴ σὺ ἤρου, Phaedr. 61 e, ὅσα προσετάξαμεν νῦν δή, Rep. VI, 491 a; aber auch mit dem fut., καὶ νῦν δὴ τοῦτον θήσομεν ἰδιώτην, Soph. 221 c; vgl. Lob. Phryn. 19.