αἴξ: Difference between revisions

|Definition=<b class="b3">αἰγός, ὁ, h(</b>: dat. pl. <span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> αἴγεσιν <span class="bibl">Il.10.486</span>, αἴγεσσιν <span class="bibl">Choerob. <span class="title">in Theod.</span>323</span>; also Boeot. [[ἤγυς]], = [[αἴγοις]], <span class="title">IG</span>7.3171:—[[goat]], mostly fem., μηκάδας αἶγας <span class="bibl">Od.9.124</span>; λεύκας αἶγος Sapph.7(s.v.l.), cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>71</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>639a</span>, etc., but masc. in <span class="bibl">Od.14.106</span>,<span class="bibl">530</span>; also τῶν αἰγῶν τῶν τραγῶν <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.112</span>:—once in Trag., <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>793</span> (anap.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">αἲξ ἄγριος</b> wild [[goat]], prob. [[ibex]] (cf. [[αἴγαγρος]]), ἰονθάς <span class="bibl">Od.14.50</span>; ἴξαλος <span class="bibl">Il.4.105</span>; αἶγες ὀρεσκῷοι <span class="bibl">Od.9.155</span>; ἀγρότεραι <span class="bibl">17.295</span>:—proverbs, <b class="b3">αἲξ οὐρανία</b> in Com. as a source of mysterious and suspected wealth, in allusion to the horn of Amalthea, <span class="bibl">Cratin.244</span>; οὐράνιον αἶγα πλουτοφόρον <span class="title">Com.Adesp.</span>8; <b class="b3">αἲξ τὴν μάχαιραν</b> (sc. [[ηὗρε]]), of those who 'ask for trouble', <span class="bibl">Zen.1.27</span>; <b class="b3">αἲξ οὔπω τέτοκεν</b> 'don't count your chickens before they are hatched', <span class="bibl">1.42</span>; αἲξ Σκυρία· ἐπὶ τῶν τὰς εὐεργεσίας ἀνατρεπόντων· ἀνατρέπει γὰρ τὸ ἀγγεῖον ἀμελχθεῖσα <span class="bibl">Diogenian.2.33</span>; αἲξ ἐς θάλασσαν· ἀτενὲς ὁρᾷς, ἐπὶ τῶν φιληδούντων <span class="bibl">3.8</span>; κἂν αἲξ δάκἡ ἄνδρα πονηρόν <span class="bibl">5.87</span>; οὐ δύναμαι τὴν αἶγα φέρειν, ἐπί μοι θέτε τὸν βοῦν Plu.2.830a; ἐλεύθεραι αἶγες ἀρότρων· ἐπὶ τῶν βάρους τινὸς ἀπηλλαγμένων <span class="bibl">Zen.3.69</span>; <b class="b3">κατ' αἶγας ἀγρίας</b>, = [[ἐς κόρακας]], Hsch., <span class="bibl">Diogenian.5.49</span>; νοῦσος, αἶγας ἐς ἀγριάδας τὴν ἀποπεμπόμεθα <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Aet.</span>3.1.13</span>; <b class="b3">αἰγῶν ὀνόματα</b>, of worthless objects, Suid. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[the star Capella]], <span class="bibl">Arat. 157</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> a water-bird, apparently of the [[goose]] kind, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span> 593b23</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> [[fiery meteor]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mete.</span>341b3</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> in pl., [[waves]], <span class="bibl">Artem.2.12</span>. (Att. [[αἶξ]], acc. to Hdn.Gr.<span class="bibl">1.937</span>.)</span>

|lsmtext='''αἴξ:''' αἰγός, ὁ, ἡ, δοτ. πληθ. <i>αἴγεσιν</i>·<br /><b class="num">I. 1.</b> [[γίδα]], [[κατσίκα]], Λατ. [[caper]], [[capra]], σε Όμηρ.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> αἲξ [[ἄγριος]], [[αγριοκάτσικο]], [[αίγαγρος]], ο Λατ. [[ibex]], στον ίδ.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> <i>αἶγες</i>, [[παλαιός]] [[τύπος]] που σημαίνει τα [[μεγάλα]], [[υψηλά]] κύματα (πιθ. όχι από το <i>ἀΐσσω</i>, [[γιατί]] <i>√ΑΙΚ</i> [[αυτού]] του ρήματος).

|etymtx=αἰγός<br />Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: [[goat]] rarely m. [[he-goat]] (Il.). Also a waterbird (Janzén [s. below] 17), a meteor (Arist.) and a star (Aratos).<br />Dialectal forms: Myc. [[aikipta]] \/<b class="b2">aigi-pa(s)tas</b>\/ ? [[goatherd]]; [[aikipode]], interpr. uncertain<br />Compounds: [[αἰπόλος]] [[goatherd]] < <b class="b3">*αἰγ-πολος</b> s. s.v. [[πέλω]] (cf. Meier-Brügger Gr. Sprachw. 1, 92). <b class="b3">αἰγί-βοτος</b> [[browsed by goats]] (Od.) Unclear <b class="b3">αἰπόλος κάπηλος παρὰ Κυπρίοις</b> H (see Leumann Hom. W. 271ff; to be rejected Latte's corr. <b class="b3">ἀί-</b> = [[ἀεί]]).<br />Derivatives: [[αἰγίς]] [[goatskin]], q.v.;<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [13] <b class="b2">*h₂eiǵ-</b><br />Etymology: The compounds in <b class="b3">-ι-</b> are unexplained (unclear Heubeck IF 69 (1963) 13-21); old is in any case the type [[αἰπόλος]]. [[αἴξ]] is cognate with Arm. [[ayc]] [[goat]] (<b class="b2">i-</b>stem); see Clackson 88-90, who reconstructs, with Meillet, <b class="b2">*h₂eiǵ-ih₂</b>. Zero grade is mostly supposed in Av. <b class="b2">īzaēna-</b> [[of leather]], but it is not certain that it refers to the skin of a goat. If the connection is correct, the word would be IE; the word is often considered as an Anatolian loanword in both Greek and Armenian. - See A. Janzén Bock und Ziege (GHÅ 43 [1937 : 5]) 9ff.and EIEC s.v. - The gloss <b class="b3">αἶγες τὰ κύματα</b>, [[Δωριεῖς]] H. may be a metaphor, s. [[αἰγιαλός]]. In Greek geogr. names ([[Αἰγαί]], [[Αἰγαῖος]], [[Αἴγινα]] etc.) we may have not the word for [[goat]], Sommer IF 55, 259f. (Pre-Greek), V. Burr Nostrum mare (Würzb. Stud. zur Altertumswiss.) Stuttgart 1932. Connection with <b class="b2">*h₂eig-</b> as [[to jump]] is rejected by Mayrhofer EWAia 1, 264 as <b class="b2">éjati</b> had a labio-velar (also it does not mean [[jump]]). Not to Skt. <b class="b2">ajá-</b> [[goat]].<br />See also: Cf. [[αἴγιλος]], [[αἰγίλωψ]], [[δίζα]].

|ftr='''αἴξ''': αἰγός<br />{aíks}<br />'''Grammar''': f.<br />'''Meaning''': [[Ziege]] selten m. [[Ziegenbock]] (seit Hom.). Auch übertragen als Name eines Wasservogels (dazu Janzén [s. u.] 17) und im Sinn von [[Meteor]] (Arist.).<br />'''Derivative''': Ableitungen: [[αἴγειος]], [[αἴγεος]] ‘zur Ziege gehörig, Ziegen-’ (Hom. usw., vgl. Chantraine Formation 50, Schwyzer 467f.), später auch αἴγινος und αἰγικός (Pap.).<br />'''Etymology''' : Außerdem [[αἰγίς]] [[Ziegenfell]] s. d., [[αἰγίδιον]] Demin. von [[αἴξ]] (Pherekr., Antiph. usw.). Vgl. noch [[αἴγιλος]] s. [[αἰγίλωψ]]. Eine Metapher liegt wahrscheinlich vor in αἶγες· τὰ κύματα. Δωριεῖς H., s. [[αἰγιαλός]]. Inwieweit das Wort für Ziege in griechischen Ortsnamen enthalten ist ([[Αἰγαί]], [[Αἰγαῖος]], [[Αἴγινα]] usw.), ist strittig; vgl., außer der Literatur zu [[αἰγιαλός]], Sommer IF 55, 259f. (vorgriechisch), V. Burr Nostrum mare (Würzb. Stud. zur Altertumswiss.) Stuttgart 1932. [[αἴξ]] ist mit arm. ''ayc'' [[Ziege]] identisch. Es wird von Specht KZ 66, 13 (s. auch Die Ausbreitung der Indogermanen, 1944, 10f.) aus ungenügenden Gründen als gemeinsames Lehnwort der Indogermanen bei ihrem ersten Vorstoß auf die Balkanhalbinsel betrachtet. Als tiefstufige Form wird gewöhnlich aw. ''ī̆zaēna''- [[aus Leder]] beurteilt. — Höchst unsichere, z. T. entschieden verfehlte weitere Kombinationen bei A. Janzén Bock und Ziege (GHÅ 43 [1937 : 5]) 9ff. Anfechtbar auch Meillet Rev. d. ét. slav. 5, 9. Zu den vielen Namen der Ziege im Idg. s. Lidén Armen. Studien 13f. Zum ''a''-haltigen Vokalismus Specht Ursprung 204 A. 1, Kuhn KZ 71, 145f.<br />'''Page''' 1,41-42