νικάω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Ion. [[νικέω]] <span class="bibl">Democr.249</span>, <span class="bibl">Herod.1.51</span>, also <span class="title">GDI</span>1413.16 (Aetol.), <span class="title">SIG</span>265.4 (Delph., iv B.C.), v.l. in <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Apoc.</span>2.7</span>; Aeol. [[νίκημι]] <span class="bibl">Theoc.7.40</span>, <span class="title">AP</span>7.743 (Antip.); also in impf. [[νίκη]] cj. in <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>5.5</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Theoc.6.46</span>: Ep. impf. 1pl. <span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> νικάσκομεν <span class="bibl">Od.11.512</span>: fut. [[νικήσω]], later νικήσομαι Hierocl.<span class="title">Facet.</span>205; Dor. 2sg. [[νικαξῇ]] v.l. in <span class="bibl">Theoc.21.32</span>: pf. [[νενίκηκα]], etc.: (νίκη): </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> abs., [[conquer]], [[prevail]] in [[battle]], in the [[game]]s, or in any [[contest]], <span class="bibl">Il.3.439</span>, etc.; [[ὁ νικήσας]] the [[conqueror]], ib. <span class="bibl">138</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Smp.</span>5.9</span>, etc.; [[ὁ νικηθείς]] the [[conquered]], <span class="bibl">Il.23.656</span>,<span class="bibl">663</span>; [[ἐνίκησα καὶ δεύτερος καὶ τέταρτος ἐγενόμην]] I [[won the first prize]] [at Olympia], etc., <span class="bibl">Th.6.16</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Isoc.16.33</span>: pres.freq. in sense, to [[be conqueror]] (or [[be proclaimed conqueror]], <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>9.112</span>, <span class="bibl">13.30</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>8.2.27</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">An.</span>2.1.1</span>; [[νικᾶν πᾶσι τοῖς κριταῖς]] or [[ἑνὶ κριτῇ]] in their opinion, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>445</span>, <span class="bibl">447</span>; [[πολὺ ν]]. [[win]] a decisive [[victory]], <span class="bibl">Th.7.34</span>, etc.; τὰ πάντα ν. X.<span class="title">An.</span> l.c.: freq. c. dat. modi, [[πυγμῇ]] [[in]] [[boxing]], <span class="bibl">Il.23.669</span>; ναυμαχίῃ <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.10</span>.[[β']]; ἵππῳ <span class="bibl">Id.6.122</span>; μάχῃ <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1143</span>, etc.; ἵππῳ ἢ συνωρίδι ἢ ζεύγει <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>36d</span>; λαμπάδι <span class="bibl">And.4.42</span>, etc.: c. acc. cogn. in same sense, [[πάντα ἐνίκα]] he [[won]] all the bouts, <span class="bibl">Il.4.389</span>, <span class="bibl">5.807</span>; [[τὰ κοῦφα]], [[τὰ μείζοναν]]., <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>1029</span>, <span class="bibl">1031</span>; τῶν παλαισμάτων ἓν ν. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>256b</span>; ἅρμα ν. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>4(3).25</span>; παγκράτιον <span class="bibl">Th.5.49</span>; [[ναυμαχίαν]], [[μάχας]], <span class="bibl">Id.7.66</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.12.257</span>, etc.: freq. [[ν. Ὀλύμπια]] to [[be conqueror]] in the Olympian games, <span class="bibl">Th.1.126</span>; τὠλύμπια <span class="bibl">Timocl.8.17</span>; τὰ Παναθήναια <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ion</span>530b</span>; ν. Ὀλυμπιάδα <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.33</span> (also ν. Ὀλυμπίασιν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>36d</span>; ἐν Πυθίοισι <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>2.9</span>): c. dat. et acc., τὰ Πύθια τῷ τεθρίππῳ ν. <span class="bibl">D.59.33</span>; [[πολλοὺς ἀγῶνας οὐ παγκρατίῳ μόνον]], [[κτλ]]., Plu.2.811d; [[Ὀλυμπίασι παῖδας στάδιον ν]]. [[conquer]] in the boys' race in the stadium at Olympia, <span class="bibl">D.58.66</span>: c. dupl. acc., [[Πύθια ν. ἄνδρας]] Diog.Cyn. ap. <span class="bibl">D.L.6.33</span>: also in Att. Inscrr. c. gen., Λεωντὶς ἀνδρῶν ἐνίκα <span class="title">IG</span>2.1291, al.: generally c. acc. cogn., [[νίκην ν]]. [[win]] a victory, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>1060</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>465d</span>, etc. (cf. infr. <span class="bibl">11</span>); also [[ν. τρίποδα]] [[win]] it, <span class="bibl">Simon.147</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[prevail]], [[be superior]], [[μύθοισιν]], [[ἔγχεϊ]], <span class="bibl">Il.18.252</span>; δόλοισι <span class="bibl">Od.3.121</span>; [[κάλλει ἐνίκα]] (sc. [[κρητήρ]]) <span class="bibl">Il.23.742</span>; πᾶσαν ἀρετὴν νενικηκώς <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>964c</span>: c. part., εὐεργετῶν ν. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Ages.</span>9.7</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> of opinions, etc., βουλὴ κακὴ νίκησεν = the [[evil]] [[counsel]] [[prevail]]ed, <span class="bibl">Od. 10.46</span>; τὰ χερείονα νικᾷ <span class="bibl">Il.1.576</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.18.404</span>; ἐνίκα ἡ γνώμη <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.36</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.2.12</span>, etc.; ἡ νικῶσα βουλή <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>912</span>; ἐκ τῆς νικώσης [γνώμης] = [[according]] to the prevailing [[opinion]], [[vote]] of the [[majority]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>6.1.18</span>, <span class="bibl">6.2.12</span>; ταῦτ' ἐνίκα <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>274</span>; νικᾷ πάσαισι ταῖς ψήφοις ὁ νόμος = is carried, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>801a</span>; σὺν ψάφῳ τᾷ νικεούσᾳ <span class="title">SIG</span>265.4 (Delph., iv B.C.): freq. of orators, νικᾷ… ὁ κακὸς ἐν πλήθει λέγων <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>944</span>; ν. γνώμῃσι <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.82</span> (so [[γνώμῃ]], v.l. [[γνώμην]], <span class="bibl">Id.1.61</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>594</span>): freq. impers., [[ἐνίκα]] (sc. [[ἡ γνώμη]]) [[it was resolved]], c. inf., [[ἐνίκα μὴ ἐκλιπεῖν τὴν πόλιν]] [[it was carried]] not... <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.101</span>; τέλος γε μέντοι δεῦρ' ἐνίκησεν μολεῖν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>233</span>, etc.; ἐνίκησε… λοιμὸν [[εἰρῆσθαι]] = it was the prevailing [[opinion]] that... <span class="bibl">Th.2.54</span>; ἐν δημοκρατίᾳ νικᾷ [[ζῆν]] = it is [[preferable]]... <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Plt.</span>303b</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> c. inf., [[succeed]] in... ἐνίκησε σκορπίσαι <span class="title">Psalm.Solom.</span>4.13. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> as law-term, νικάω τὴν δίκην = [[win]] one's [[cause]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span>955</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>581</span>; simply νικᾶν <span class="title">GDI</span>5011.11 (Gortyn), <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ath.</span>42.1</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Rh.Al.</span>1433a6</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PHal.</span>1.58</span> (iii B.C.), etc.; νικήσεις ἐν τῷ κρίνεσθαί σε <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Rom.</span>3.4</span>:—Pass., c. gen., αἴ κα νικαθῇ τῶν ἐνεχύρων <span class="title">Schwyzer</span> 177.9 (Crete, v B.C.); v. infr. 11. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> c. acc., [[conquer]], [[vanquish]], Ἕκτορα <span class="bibl">Il.7.192</span>, etc.: freq. c. dat. modi, μάχῃ ν. Ἀχαιούς <span class="bibl">16.79</span>; ἀγορῇ ν. υἷας Ἀχαιῶν <span class="bibl">2.370</span>; πόδεσσι δὲ πάντας ἐνίκα <span class="bibl">20.410</span>; κάλλει ἐνίκων φῦλα γυναικῶν <span class="bibl">9.130</span>; [[πάντα ν. ἄνδρα… κακοῖσιν]] [[surpass]] him in miseries, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>659</span>; ν. τινὰ ἔν τινι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>213e</span>, etc.; [[μὴ φῦναι τὸν ἅπαντα νικᾷ λόγον]] [[excels]] the whole account, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1224</span> (lyr.); νίκα ἐν τῷ ἀγαθῷ τὸ κακόν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Rom.</span>12.21</span>: c. acc. cogn., μάχην ν. τινά <span class="bibl">Isoc. 8.58</span>, <span class="bibl">Aeschin.3.181</span>, etc.:—Pass., ἔστιν ἃ τῶν ἄθλων δὶς ἕκαστος ἐνικήθη <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>4.5.2</span>: c. part., ν. ἀλεξόμενός τινα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">An.</span>1.9.11</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> as law-term (cf. <span class="bibl">1.5</span>), νίκης τήν μιν ἐγὼ νίκησα <span class="bibl">Od.11.545</span>:—Pass., ἧ δέ κα νικαθῇ <span class="title">Leg.Gort.</span>1.23, al.; also of objects in dispute, damages, etc., [[recover]], ib.1.28, al.:—Pass., to [[be assigned]], [[be adjudicated]], ib.1.55. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> generally, [[overpower]], esp. of passions, etc., νόον νίκησε νεοίη <span class="bibl">Il.23.604</span>; μὴ φόβος σὲ νικάτω φρένας <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>88</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">133</span>; [φύσις] νικᾷ τῷ ἥσσονι τὸ μεῖζον τῆς ἐλπίδος <span class="bibl">Democr.176</span>; βαρεῖαν ἡδονὴν νικᾶτέ με grievous is the pleasure ye [[win prevailing over]] me, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1204</span>: c. inf., μηδ' ἡ βία σε… νικησάτω τοσόνδε [[μισεῖν]] let not [[violence]] [[prevail]] on thee to... <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1334</span>: with gen. of comparison, νικᾷ γὰρ [[ἁρετή]] με τῆς ἔχθρας [[πολύ]] = [[weighs]] with me [[more]] [[than]] [[enmity]], from the compar. force in [[νικᾷ]], ib.<span class="bibl">1357</span> codd. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> Pass., to [[be vanquished]], Hom. only in part. [[νικηθείς]] (v. supr. <span class="bibl">1.1</span>); [[νικᾶσθαι]] ὕπνῳ, [[κέρδεσιν]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>291</span>, <span class="bibl">342</span>; ἡδονῇ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>1272</span>; συμφορᾷ <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>1195</span>; also ὑπὸ τοῦ κακοῦ <span class="bibl">Th.2.51</span>; πρὸς ἱμέρου <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>932.4</span>, etc.: sts. c. gen., ἱμέρου νικώμενος <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>1005</span>; αὐτῆς &lt;τε&gt; τῆς δίκης… αὐτοῦ τε τοῦ ἀληθοῦς νικᾶσθαι <span class="bibl">Antipho 5.87</span>: freq. of persons, νικᾶσθαί τινος, with gen. of comparison, to [[be inferior]], [[yield to]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1353</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>315</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cyc.</span>454</span>; ξείνων νενίκανται θύραι = the doors [[give way]] to the guests, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>9.2</span>; ἢν τοῦτο νικηθῇς ἐμοῦ <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>1087</span>.</span>