καθαρός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ά, όν, Dor. καθαρός <span class="title">Tab.Heracl.</span>1.103, <span class="bibl">Orph.<span class="title">Fr.</span>32c</span>.<span class="bibl">1</span>, Aeol. κόθ- Alc.<span class="title">Supp.</span>7.3; cf. <b class="b3">ἀνακαθαίρω, κάθαρσις</b>: <span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> [[physically clean]], [[spotless]] (not in Il.), εἵματα <span class="bibl">Od.6.61</span>, <span class="bibl">Archil.12</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Cyc.</span>35</span>,<span class="bibl">562</span>, etc.; of persons, [[cleanly]], κ. περὶ ἐσθῆτα <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">VV</span>1250b28</span>, cf.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Rh.</span>1416a23</span> (nisi leg. [[καθάριος]]). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[clear of admixture]], [[clear]], [[pure]], esp. of water, Βορυσθένης ῥέει καθαρὸς παρὰ θολεροῖσι <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.53</span>; κ. ὕδατα <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Hipp.</span>209</span> (anap.); ὕδωρ κ. ζῶν <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Nu.</span>5.17</span>; δρόσοι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span>96</span> (anap.); κ. καὶ διαφανῆ ὑδάτια <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>229b</span>; οὖρον <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Epid.</span>1.3</span>; διαχώρημα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Coac.</span>640</span>; <b class="b3">κ. φάος, φέγγος</b>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>6.14</span>, <span class="bibl">9.90</span>; πνεῦμα κ. οὐρανοῦ <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span>867</span>; κ. ἄρτος <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.40</span>; of [[white]] bread, Wilcken <span class="title">Chr.</span>30i17 (iii/ii B.C.), <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Ju.</span>10.5</span>, Gal.6.482, 19.137; <b class="b3">ἄλευρον κ</b>. <span class="bibl">Diocl.Fr.139</span>; <b class="b3">χρυσίον, ἀργύριον -ώτατον</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.166</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Theoc.15.36</span>, <span class="bibl">Ph.1.190</span>, etc.; σῖτος <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Oec.</span>18.8</span>; σῖτος κ. ἀπὸ πάντων <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PHib.</span>1.84</span> ([[a]]).<span class="bibl">6</span> (iv/iii B.C.): freq. of grain, [[winnowed]], πυρὸς κ. ἄδολος <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>1124.11</span> (i A.D.), cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span>93.36</span> (ii B.C.), etc.; of metals, etc., σίδηρος <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Sammelb.</span>4481.13</span> (v A.D.), etc.; <b class="b3">ἀρωμάτων, καθαρῶν, λαχάνων</b>, dub. sens. in <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PLond.</span>2.429.6</span> (iv A.D.); ἄκρατος καὶ κ. νοῦς <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>8.7.30</span>; χρόαι <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Sens.</span>440a5</span>; φωναί <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Aud.</span>801b28</span>; of feelings, [[unmixed]], μῖσος τῆς ἀλλοτρίας φύσεως <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Mx.</span>245d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Thgn.89</span>; [[serene]], φρήν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>1120</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[clear of objects]], [[free]], <b class="b3">ἐν καθαρῷ</b> (sc. [[τόπῳ]]) in an [[open]] space, ἐν κ., ὅθι δὴ νεκύων διεφαίνετο χῶρος <span class="bibl">Il.8.491</span>; ἐν κ., ὅθι κύματ' ἐπ' ἠϊόνος κλύζεσκον <span class="bibl">23.61</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ph.2.535</span> (Sup.); <b class="b3">πάξαις Ἄλτιν ἐν κ</b>. in [[a clearing]], <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>10</span> (''ΙΙ'').<span class="bibl">45</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν κ. βῆναι</b> to leave the way [[clear]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1575</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">ἐν τῷ κ. οἰκεῖν</b> live in [[the clear sunshine]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>520d</span>; <b class="b3">διὰ καθαροῦ ῥέειν</b>, of a river whose course is [[clear and open]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.202</span>: with Subst., <b class="b3">κελεύθῳ ἐν κ</b>. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>6.23</span>; <b class="b3">χῶρος κ</b>. <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.132</span>; ἐν κ. λειμῶνι <span class="bibl">Theoc.26.5</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν ἡλίῳ κ</b>. in the [[open]] sun, opp. [[σκιά]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>239c</span>; <b class="b3">ὥς σφι τὸ ἐμποδὼν ἐγεγόνεε κ</b>. was [[cleared away]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.183</span>; <b class="b3">κ. ποιεῖσθαι τὰς ἀρκυστασίας</b> set up the nets [[in open ground]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>6.6</span>; freq. of land, [[free]] from weeds, etc., <b class="b3">παραδώσω τὸν κλῆρον κ. ἀπὸ θρύου καλάμου ἀγρώστεως κτλ</b>. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span>105.59</span> (ii B.C.); παραδώσω τὰς ἀρούρας κ. ὡς ἔλαβον <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>1018.25</span>(iii A.D.): c. gen., <b class="b3">γλῶσσα καθαρὴ τῶν σημηΐων</b> [[clear]] of the marks, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.38</span>; <b class="b3">καθαρὸν τῶν προβόλων</b>, of a fort, <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">An.</span>2.21.7</span>; of documents, [[free from mistakes]], POxy.1277.13 (iii A.D.); <b class="b3">χειρόγραφον κ. ἀπὸ ἐπιγραφῆς καὶ ἀλείφαδος</b> [[free]] from interlineation and erasure, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PLond.</span>2.178.13</span> (ii A.D.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> metaph., [[free]], [[clear]] of debt, liability, etc., κ. ἀπὸ δημοσίων καὶ παντὸς εἴδους <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>197.14</span> (i A.D.); <b class="b3">κ. ἀπό τε ὀφειλῆς καὶ ὑποθήκης καὶ παντὸς διεγγυήματος</b> ib.<span class="bibl">112.11</span> (i A.D.); γῆ κ. ἀπὸ γεωργίας βασιλικῆς <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>633</span> (ii A.D.); <b class="b3">καθαρὰ ποιῆσαι</b> to give a [[discharge]], PAvrom. 1 <span class="title">A</span>22; in moral sense, [[free from pollution]], <b class="b3">καθαρῷ θανάτῳ</b> an [[honourable]] death, <span class="bibl">Od.22.462</span>; θάνατον οὐ κ., τὸν δι' ἀγχόνης <span class="bibl">Ph.2.491</span>; ψυχαὶ ἀρηΐφατοι καθαρώτεραι ἢ ἐνὶ νούσοις <span class="bibl">Heraclit.136</span>; freq. [[free from guilt]] or [[defilement]], [[pure]], χεῖρες <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span> 313</span> (anap.); καθαρὸς χεῖρας <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.35</span>, <span class="bibl">Antipho5.11</span>, <span class="bibl">And.1.95</span>; κ. παρέχειν τινὰ κατὰ τὸ σῶμα καὶ κατὰ τὴν ψυχήν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cra.</span>405b</span>; <b class="b3">ἔρχομαι ἐκ κοθαρῶν κοθαρά</b> Orph<span class="title">Fr.</span>32c.1,al.; of ceremonial [[purity]], <b class="b3">καθαρὰ καὶ ἁγνή εἰμι ἀπό τε τῶν ἄλλων τῶν οὐ καθαρευόντων καὶ ἀπ' ἀνδρὸς συνουσίας</b> Jusj. ap. <span class="bibl">D.59.78</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">UPZ</span>78.28</span> (ii B.C.), <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Nu.</span>8.7</span>,al.; ἀπὸ τάφου καὶ ἐκφορᾶς καθαροί <span class="title">SIG</span>982.9 (ii B.C.); esp. of persons [[purified]] after pollution, <b class="b3">ἱκέτης προσῆλθες κ</b>. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>474</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>548</span>, etc.; also of things, <b class="b3">βωμοί, θύματα, δόμος, μέλαθρα</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>654</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">IT</span>1163</span>, <span class="bibl">1231</span> (troch.), <span class="bibl">693</span>: c. gen., [[clear of]] or <b class="b2">from</b>…, κ. ἐγκλημάτων <span class="bibl">Antipho 2.4.11</span>; <b class="b3">ἀδικίας, κακῶν</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>496d</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cra.</span>404a</span>; ὁ τῶν κακῶν κ. τόπος <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tht.</span>177a</span>; κ. τὰς χεῖρας φόνου <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lg.</span>864e</span>; Κόρινθον… ἀποδεῖξαι τῶν μιαιφόνων καθαράν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>4.4.6</span>; κ. εἰμι ἀπὸ τοῦ αἵματος πάντων <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>20.26</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.C.37.24</span>; κ. ἀπὸ ὅρκου <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Ge.</span>24.8</span>; [[ceremonially pure]], of food, ὄσπριον <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.37</span>; of victims, <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Ge.</span>7.2</span>,al., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PGen.</span>32.9</span> (ii A.D.), etc.; <b class="b3">κ. ἡμέραι</b>, opp. [[ἀποφράδες]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>800d</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> in act. sense, [[purifying]], [[cleansing]], λέβης <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>1.26</span>; θέειον <span class="bibl">Theoc. 24.96</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> of birth, [[pure]], [[genuine]], σπέρμα θεοῦ <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>3.15</span>; [[πόλις]] <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span>673</span>; <b class="b3">τῶν Ἀθηναίων ὅπερ ἐστράτευε καθαρὸν ἐξῆλθε</b>, i.e. were [[citizens of pure blood]], <span class="bibl">Th.5.8</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ τῷ γένει μὴ κ</b>. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ath.</span>13.5</span>; <b class="b3">κ. ἀστοί</b> Sch.<span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>506</span>; [[καθαρόν]] a [[real]], [[genuine]] saying, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>1015</span>; <b class="b3">κ. Τίμων</b> [[a]] Timon [[pure and simple]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Av.</span>1549</span>; κ. δοῦλος <span class="bibl">Antiph.9</span> (glossed by [[ἀπηκριβωμένος]], <span class="title">AB</span>105); <b class="b3">ζημία κ</b>., of a person, Alciphro 3.21. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> of language, [[pure]], <b class="b3">ὀνόματα, λέξις</b>, <span class="bibl">D.H.<span class="title">Comp.</span>1</span>, <span class="bibl">3</span>; διάλεκτος <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Dem.</span>5</span>; so of writers, [Λυσίας] κ. τὴν ἑρμηνείαν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lys.</span>2</span>; [Ξενοφῶν] κ. τοῖς ὀνόμασι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pomp.</span>4</span>; also, [[clear]], [[simple]], <b class="b3">σεμνὸς καὶ κ</b>. <span class="bibl">Jul.<span class="title">Or.</span>2.77a</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> Gramm., [[preceded by a vowel]], [[pure]], <span class="bibl">D.T. 635.10</span>, <span class="bibl">639.5</span>, Hdn.Gr.<span class="bibl">2.930</span>, al.; <b class="b2">containing a 'pure' syllable</b>, ib. <span class="bibl">928</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> [[without blemish]], [[sound]], <b class="b3">ὁ κ. στρατός, τὸ κ. τοῦ στρατοῦ</b>, the [[sound portion]] of the army, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.211</span>,<span class="bibl">4.135</span>; v. supr. <span class="bibl">4</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">7</span> [[clear]], [[exact]], <b class="b3">ἂν κ. ὦσιν αἱ ψῆφοι</b> if the accounts are [[exactly balanced]], <span class="bibl">D.18.227</span> (sed cf. καθαιρέω <span class="bibl">11.5</span>). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> Adv. [[purely]], ἁγνῶς καὶ καθαρῶς <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Ap.</span>121</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>337</span>: Comp. -ωτέρως <span class="bibl">Porph.<span class="title">Abst.</span>2.44</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> of birth, κ. γεγονέναι <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.147</span>; αἱ κ. Ἑλληνίδες <span class="bibl">Sor.1.112</span>, cf.Luc.<span class="title">Rh. Pr.</span>24. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[with clean hands]], [[honestly]], <b class="b3">σὺν δίκῃ… καὶ κ</b>. <span class="bibl">Thgn.198</span>; <b class="b3">δικαίως καὶ κ</b>. <span class="bibl">D.9.62</span>; κ. τε καὶ μετρίως τὸν βίον διεξελθεῖν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span> 108c</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> [[clearly]], [[plainly]], λέγειν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>631</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Rh.</span>35</span> (anap.); λέξις κ. καὶ ἀκριβῶς ἔχουσα <span class="bibl">Isoc.5.4</span>; κ. γνῶναι <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>1045</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>66e</span>; [[εἴσεσθαι]] ibid.; καθαρώτατα ἀποδεῖξαι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cra.</span>426b</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> of language, [[purely]], [[correctly]], -ώτερον διαλέγεσθαι Plu.2.1116e, cf. <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Im.</span>15</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> [[entirely]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>591</span>; κ. τις ὢν ἀόργητος Phld.<span class="title">Ir.</span>p.71 W.; κ. ἐς ἐφήβους τελεῖν <span class="bibl">D.C.36.25</span>, cf. <span class="title">Cod.Just.</span>1.4.34.9: Sup. <b class="b3">-ώτατα</b> [[in its purest form]], <span class="bibl">Phld.<span class="title">Piet.</span>66</span>.</span>