ὀλίγος: Difference between revisions

|Full diacritics=ὀλίγος

|Definition=[ῐ], η, ον, later ὀλίος ([[quod vide|q.v.]]), of Size, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[little]], [[small]], freq. in Hom., rarer later, opp. μέγας, σάκος <span class="bibl">Il.14.376</span> ; κῦμα <span class="bibl">Od.10.94</span>, etc. ; <b class="b3">ὀλίγῃ ὀπί</b> with [[small]], [[low]] voice, <span class="bibl">14.492</span> ; of stature, <span class="bibl">9.515</span> ; ὀ. κῶρος <span class="bibl">Theoc.1.47</span> ; οὐκ ὀλίγης αἷμα βοὸς κέχυται Call.<span class="title">Aet.Oxy.</span>2080.85 ; of Space, ὀ. χῶρος <span class="bibl">Il.10.161</span>, etc. ; of Time, χρόνος <span class="bibl">19.157</span>,<span class="bibl">23.418</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi. <span class="title">N.</span>7.38</span>, etc. ; ἐν βραχεῖ κὠλίγῳ χρόνῳ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>646</span> (cf. IV. <span class="bibl">3</span>). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> sts. in a sense between that of Size and Quantity, ὀ. δόσις <span class="bibl">Od.6.208</span> ; οὖρα ὀλίγα [[not copious]], <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Epid.</span>1.2</span> ; <b class="b3">ὑποστάσιες ὀλίγαι</b> [[slight]] sediments, ib.<span class="bibl">17</span> ; <b class="b3">ὀ. καὶ οὐδέν</b> [[little]] or nothing, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>23a</span> ; οὐδὲν ἢ ὀ. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">PA</span>651b17</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> of Degree, <b class="b3">ὀ. καὶ μέγας</b> [[of low]] and high [[degree]], <span class="bibl">Callin.1.17</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[weak]], ἀθυμοτέρη καὶ ὀλιγωτέρη φύσις <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Virg.</span> 1</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> of Number, [[few]], or of Quantity, [[little]], not in Hom., freq. in Att., <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>1417</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Eq.</span>717</span>, etc., but rare in Trag., as ὀλίγα κακά <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>330</span>.—The governing body in Oligarchies and the oligarchical party in Democracies was called <b class="b3">οἱ ὀ</b>., <span class="bibl">Th.6.38</span>,<span class="bibl">8.9</span>, etc. ; <b class="b3">ἡ ὑπὸ τῶν ὀ. δυναστεία, αἱ διὰ τῶν ὀ. δυναστεῖαι</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Plt.</span>291d</span>, <span class="bibl">D.60.25</span> ; ἑνὸς καὶ πλήθους τὸ ὀ. μέσον <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Plt.</span>303a</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> c. inf., <b class="b3">ὀλίγους . . στρατιῇ τῇ Μήδων συμβαλεῖν</b> [[too few]] to engage... <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.109</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">7.207</span> ; μὴ . . αἱ σφέτεραι δέκα νῆες ὀλίγαι ἀμύνειν ὦσιν <span class="bibl">Th.1.50</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> neut. [[ὀλίγον]] as Adv., [[a little]], [[slightly]], [[little]], with Verbs, ὀ. παρακλίνας <span class="bibl">Il.23.424</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">11.52</span>, <span class="bibl">12.452</span> ; φροντίσας <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Cyc.</span>163</span> ; ὀ. τοῦ ποιήματος προελθών <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>339d</span> : also neut. pl., ἠκροβολίσαντο ὀλίγα <span class="bibl">Th.3.73</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> with comp. Adjs., ὀλίγον προγενέστερος <span class="bibl">Il.23.789</span> ; ὀ. ἧσσον <span class="bibl">Od.15.365</span> ; στιβαρώτερον οὐκ ὀ. περ <span class="bibl">8.187</span> ; φέρτερος οὐκ ὀ. περ <span class="bibl">Il.19.217</span> ; <b class="b3">ὀ. τι πρότερον</b>, [[varia lectio|v.l.]] for [[ὀλίγῳ]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.79</span>,<span class="bibl">81</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Plt.</span>262b</span>, etc. ; ὀ. ὕστερον <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Grg.</span>454b</span>, etc. ; but [[ὀλίγῳ]] is more freq. in Prose, Hdt. ll.cc. (with v.l.), <span class="bibl">7.113</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>460c</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span>327c</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> special Phrases: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> <b class="b3">ὀλίγου δεῖν</b> [[almost]] (v. [[δεῖ]] II); <b class="b3">ὀλίγου ἐδέησε καταλαβεῖν</b> wanted [[but little]] of overtaking, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.10</span>.<b class="b3">γ'</b> : hence [[ὀλίγου]] alone, [[within a little]], [[allbut]], [[almost]], ὀλίγου σεκύνες διεδηλήσαντο <span class="bibl">Od.14.37</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>348</span>,<span class="bibl">381</span>,<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Nu.</span>722</span>, <span class="bibl">Lys.14.17</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>361b</span>, <span class="bibl">D.19.334</span>, etc. ; ὀ. ἅπαντες <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>22b</span> ; ὀ. ἐς χιλίους [[close upon]] ''1'',<span class="bibl">000</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.4.124</span> ; <b class="b3">ὀ. ἦλθεν ἑλεῖν</b> (v. infr. <span class="bibl">9</span>) <span class="bibl">Paus.1.13.6</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> δι' ὀλίγου [[at a short distance]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1098</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.2.89</span>,<span class="bibl">3.21</span>, dub. in <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>762</span> (lyr.) ; for (during) [[a short time]], <span class="bibl">Th.1.77</span>,<span class="bibl">2.85</span>,<span class="bibl">3.43</span> ; within or after [[a short time]], <span class="bibl">Id.6.11</span>,<span class="bibl">47</span>,<span class="bibl">7.39</span>, etc. ; but </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> δι' ὀλίγων [[in few words]], <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Phlb.</span>31d</span>, etc. ; v. infr. VI.<span class="bibl">2</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">ἐν ὀλίγῳ</b> ([[χώρῳ]] is added in <span class="bibl">Hdt. 9.70</span>) [[in a small space]], [[within small compass]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>1126</span> (lyr.) ; ἐν ὀ. στρατοπεδευομένοις <span class="bibl">Th.4.26</span> ; <b class="b3">κυκλωθέντων ἐν ὀ</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">96</span> ; εἰς ταὐτὸ πάντα . . ἁθροίσαντ' ἐν ὀ. <span class="bibl">D.3.18</span> ; also <b class="b3">ἐν ὀ</b>. (sc. [[χρόνῳ]]) [[for a brief time]], <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>8.92</span> ; but also, [[in a short time]], [[quickly]], ἔγνων καὶ περὶ τῶν ποιητῶν ἐν ὀ. τοῦτο <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>22b</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.4.55</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>26.28</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b3">ἐν ὀλίγοις</b> [[one among few]], i.e. [[exceedingly]], [[remarkably]], ποταμὸς ἐν ὀ. μέγας <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.52</span> ; ἐν ὀλίγοισι Περσέων . . ἀνὴρ δόκιμος <span class="bibl">Id.9.41</span> : freq. in later writers, <span class="bibl">Plu. <span class="title">Pomp.</span>10</span>, <span class="bibl">Hld.3.1</span> ; so <b class="b3">σὺν ὀλίγοις</b>, v. infr. <span class="bibl">10</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">ἐξ ὀλίγου</b> [[at short notice]], [[suddenly]], ἐξ ὀ. καὶ δι' ὀργῆς <span class="bibl">Th.2.11</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">61</span>,<span class="bibl">4.108</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">ἐς ὀλίγον</b>, like [[παρ' ὀλίγον]], [[within a little]], <b class="b3">ἐς ὀ. ἀφίκετο τὸ στράτευμα νικηθῆναι</b> ib.<span class="bibl">129</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> ἐπ' ὀλίγον [[for a short time]], <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Prorrh.</span>1.26</span>, <span class="bibl">Plot. 4.4.29</span>, <span class="title">Gp.</span>7.12.22, 10.7.10, etc. ; [[a little at a time]], <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">VC</span>18</span> ; εἴρηται ἐν τῷ [βιβλίῳ] ἐπ' ὀλίγον [[a little way on]], [[near the beginning]], Gal.15.428. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">7</span> κατ' ὀλίγον [[by little and little]], <span class="bibl">Th.1.69</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>85d</span>, <span class="bibl">Luc. <span class="title">Nec.</span>11</span>, etc. ; ἐκ τοῦ κατ' ὀ. <span class="bibl">D.S.15.34</span>, Ath.Med. ap. <span class="bibl">Orib.1.2.6</span> : but the Adj.freq. takes the gender and number of its Subst., κατ' ὀλίγους <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.93</span>, <span class="bibl">8.113</span> ; <b class="b3">οὗτοι κατ' ὀλίγους γινόμενοι ἐμάχοντο</b> fought [[few at a time]], [[in small parties]], <span class="bibl">Id.9.102</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>197d</span> ; <b class="b3">κατ' ὀλίγον μαχεῖται</b> (sc. <b class="b3">τὸ πλῆθος αὐτῶν</b>) <span class="bibl">Th.4.10</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">8</span> μετ' ὀλίγον τούτων <b class="b2">shortly after . .</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>1.1.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">9</span> <b class="b3">παρ' ὀλίγον</b> [[with little to spare]], [[only just]], ἀπέφυγες <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>870</span>(lyr.) ; [[to within a short distance of]], παρ' ὀ. ἦλθε . . ἐκπεσεῖν <span class="bibl">Plb. 2.55.4</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">18.46.12</span> ; but </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b3">παρ' ὀ. ποιεῖσθαι</b> hold of [[small]] account, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>6.6.11</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">10</span> <b class="b3">σὺν ὀλίγοις</b>, = [[ἐν ὀλίγοις, ἐπαινεθῆναι]] <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Galb.</span>3</span> ; v. supr. IV.<span class="bibl">3b</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">V</span> regul. Adv. [[ὀλίγως]] is rare, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">2 Ep.Pet.</span>2.18</span>, Aq. <span class="title">Is.</span>10.7 ; οὐκ ὀ. <span class="title">AP</span>12.205 (Strat.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">VI</span> Comparison : </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> the Comp. is commonly supplied by [[μείων]], [[ἥσσων]], or [[ἐλάσσων]] ([[quod vide|qq.v.]]) ; the older form [[ὀλείζων]] (fr. <b class="b3">*ὀλειγ-yων</b>) is found in Hom., <b class="b3">λαοὶ δ' ὑπ' ὀλείζονες ἦσαν</b> ([[ὑπολίζονες]] codd.) <span class="bibl">Il.18.519</span> ; so in Att. Inscrr., <span class="title">IG</span>12.76.8 (written [[ὄλεζον]] ib.63.17, al.) ; <b class="b3">τοῖσι . . ὀλείζοσι μυστηρίοισιν</b> ib.6.76, cf. 95 ; [[ὀλείζους]] is prob. in <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Ath.</span>2.1</span> ([[μείζους]] codd.) ; so in Alexandrian Poets, <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Jov.</span>72</span> ([[ὀλίζοσι]] codd.), <span class="title">AP</span>9.521 ; <b class="b3">ἐς ὀλίζονας ἀστέρας ἄρκτου</b> Poet. ap. Theodos. in Hilgard<b class="b2">Exc.exHdn</b>.p.19 ; also ὀλίζωνες <span class="bibl">Nic.<span class="title">Th.</span>123</span>, [[ὀλίζωνα]] ib.<span class="bibl">372</span> ; [[ὀλιζότερος]] is found in <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Al.</span> 479</span>, <span class="bibl">Opp.<span class="title">C.</span>3.65</span>,<span class="bibl">394</span>, cf. <b class="b3">ὀλιζόω ; ὀλιγώτερος</b> is found in Hp.<span class="title">Virg.</span>I (with the sense [[weaker]], v. supr. <span class="bibl">1.4</span>), <span class="bibl">S.E.<span class="title">M.</span>1.70</span>, <span class="bibl">App.<span class="title">Pun.</span>42</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Mith.</span>24</span>, <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">NA</span>2.42</span>,<span class="bibl">6.51</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> Sup. <b class="b3">ὀλίγιστος, η, ον,</b> always of Number or Quantity, <span class="bibl">Il.19.223</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>723</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>12.54.7, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>115</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pl.</span>628</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>473b</span>, al. ; [[ὀλιγίστου]], Sup. of [[ὀλίγου]] (cf. IV. I), [[very nearly]], Phot., Hsch. (ubi [[ὀλιγωστοῦ]]) ; [[ὀλίγιστον]] as Adv., [[least]], [[very little]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>587b</span> ; τὸ ὀ. [[at least]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Prm.</span>149a</span> ; ὡς ὀλίγιστα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Grg.</span> 510a</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Lg.</span>953a</span> (v.l. [[ὀλιγοστά]]) ; ἐν ὀλιγίστῳ διασαφῶν <span class="bibl">Eust.1262.54</span> ; so δι' ὀλιγίστων <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ep.</span>351d</span> (interpol.). (Aspirated in papyri of ii-iii A.D., as μεθ' ὁλίγον <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>388.11</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">146.10</span>.)</span>

|btext=η, ον :<br /><b>I.</b> <i>adj.</i> <b>1</b> peu <i>en parl. du nombre ou de la quantité</i> : ὀλίγοι τινές XÉN qqes-uns en petit nombre ; <i>abs.</i> [[οἱ]] ὀλίγοι, les oligarques <i>litt.</i> le petit nombre d’hommes qui détiennent le pouvoir ; avec l’inf. trop peu pour, <i>etc.</i><br /><b>2</b> <i>en parl. de la grandeur</i> petit ; <i>en gén.</i> peu considérable : [[ὀλίγον]] [[οὐδέν]] THC rien de petit;<br /><b>II.</b> <i>adv. neutre</i> • [[ὀλίγον]], peu, un peu, <i>avec un Cp.</i> : [[ὀλίγον]] ἦσσον OD un peu moins ; [[οὐκ]] [[ὀλίγον]] [[φέρτερος]] IL beaucoup plus fort <i>litt.</i> non peu supérieur : [[ὀλίγον]] [[τι]] [[πρότερον]] HDT peu avant ; [[ὀλίγον]] [[ὕστερον]] XÉN peu après;<br /><i>Locut. adv.</i><br /><b>1</b> <i>avec idée de quantité</i> • ὀλίγου, pour un peu, presque, environ ; παρ’ [[ὀλίγον]], peu s’en faut, presque ; <i>avec le gén.</i> : ὀλίγου [[δεῖν]] <i>ou</i> ὀλίγου [[δέω]] avec l’inf. ; <i>de même</i>, [[ὀλίγον]] ἀφίκετο νικηθῆναι THC il s’en fallut de peu qu’il ne fût vaincu ; ὀλίγου (<i>ou</i> ὀλίγῳ) [[ἐς]] χιλίους THC environ mille;<br /><b>2</b> <i>avec idée de temps</i> • [[ἐν]] ὀλίγω, en peu de temps, pour peu de temps ; • [[ἐξ]] ὀλίγου, depuis peu, soudain ; • δι’ ὀλίγου, pendant un court espace de temps, en peu de temps;<br /><b>3</b> <i>avec idée de degré</i> • κατ’ [[ὀλίγον]], peu à peu, insensiblement ; <i>au plur.</i> : [[οὗτοι]] κατ’ ὀλίγους γιγνόμενοι ἐμάχοντο HDT ils combattaient n’étant encore que peu nombreux et dispersés;<br /><b>4</b> <i>avec idée de quantité</i> • [[ἐν]] ὀλίγοις, parmi peu, pour marquer l’idée d’une chose remarquable;<br /><i>Cp.</i> ὀλιγώτερος, <i>Sp.</i> [[ὀλίγιστος]].<br />'''Étymologie:''' ὀ- prosth. et R. Λικ, être petit.

|sltr=<b>ὀλῐγος</b> (-ῳ, -ον; -αν; -ον nom., acc.) <br />&nbsp;&nnbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> [[short]] of [[time]]. ἐν δ' ὀλίγῳ βροτῶν τὸ τερπνὸν αὔξεται (sc. χρόνῳ) (P. 8.92) Μολοσσίᾳ δ' ἐμβασίλευεν [[ὀλίγον]] χρόνον (N. 7.38) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> [[small]] of [[quantity]]. “ἐμοὶ δ' [[ὀλίγον]] δέ]δοται θα[” (e Plutarcho supp. G-H) Πα. . . [[τῶν]] δ' ἐν Ἑλλάδι τερπνῶν λαχόντες [[οὐκ]] ὀλίγαν δόσιν (P. 10.20) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>c</b> n. s. pro adv., to [[some]] [[small]] [[degree]] τί [[ἔλπεαι]] σοφίαν [[ἔμμεν]], ἃν [[ὀλίγον]] [[τοι]] ἀνὴρ [[ὑπὲρ]] ἀνδρὸς ἴσχει fr. 61. 1.

|ftr='''ὀλίγος''': {olígos}<br />'''Meaning''': [[klein]], [[gering]] (seit Il., vorw. ep.), [[wenig]] (nachhom.); vgl. die Lit. zu [[μικρός]].<br />'''Composita''' : Oft als Vorderglied, z.B. [[ὀλιγαρχία]] f. [[Herrschaft der Wenigen]], [[Oligarchie]] (ion. att.; nach [[μοναρχία]], s. [[μόνος]]) mit [[ὀλιγαρχέω]], -ικός (att.), -ης m. (D. H. Zu [[ὀλιγηπελέων]] s. bes., zu [[ὀλιγοδρανέων]] s. [[δράω]], zu [[ὀλίγωρος]] s. [[ὤρα]]. — Steigerungsformen: [[ὀλίγιστος]] (seit Il.), [[ὀλίζων]] (ep. seit Il.), [[ὀλείζων]] (att. Inschr.; nach [[μείζων]]); Seiler Steigerungsformen 101 ff.<br />'''Derivative''': Sonstige Ableitungen: [[ὀλιγότης]],. -ητος f. [[kleine Anzahl]] (Pl., Arist. usw.), ὀλιγόομαι, -όω [[klein]], [[kleinmütig werden]], [[verkleinern]] (LXX); [[ὀλιγάκις]] ‘selten (ep. ion.), -αχόθεν [[von wenigen Orten her]] (Hdt., Arist.), -αχοῦ [[an wenigen Orten]] (Pl., Arist.). Auch ὀλίγιοι· [[εἶδος]] ἀκρίδων. τινές [[ῥιζίον]], ὅμοιον βολβῳ̃ H. (s. Gil Fernandez Nom. bres de insectos 95) ?; wohl eher zu [[λιγύς]], s. d.<br />'''Etymology''' : Über Anknüpfung an balt., alb. und arm. Wörter und weitere Einbeziehung von [[λοιγός]] [[Verderben]], [[Unheil]], [[Tod]] s. d. m. Lit.<br />'''Page''' 2,377