παρίστημι: Difference between revisions

|Definition=<span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> causal in pres., impf., fut., and aor.1; later pf. [[παρέστᾰκα]] in same sense, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span>5.196</span> (ii B.C.), <span class="bibl">Plb.3.94.7</span>, <span class="bibl">S.E. <span class="title">M.</span>7.273</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> [[cause to stand]], [[place beside]], π. τοὺς ἱππεῖς ἐφ' ἑκάτερον τὸ κέρας <span class="bibl">Plb.3.72.9</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">3.113.8</span>; <b class="b3">παραστήσας τὰ ὅπλα</b> [[having brought]] his arms [[into view]], <span class="bibl">D.18.175</span>; <b class="b3">π. τινὰ φυλάττειν</b> [[set]] one [[near]] a thing to guard it, [[varia lectio|v.l.]] in <span class="bibl">Id.49.35</span>; π. σορὸν σορῷ <span class="title">Anatolian Studies</span> p.204 (Termessus). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[set before the mind]], [[present]], ὑπόθεσιν… οὐ χὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν <span class="bibl">D.3.1</span>; <b class="b3">τοῦτο π. τοὺς θεοὺς ὑμῖν</b> that they may [[put]] this [[into]] your [[minds]], <span class="bibl">Id.18.1</span>; τὸ δεινὸν π. τοῖς ἀκούουσιν <span class="bibl">Id.21.72</span>; <b class="b3">π. ἐλπίδας, ὁτιοῦν τῶν δεινοτάτων</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.19.333</span>, <span class="bibl">21.15</span>; [[arouse]], [[inspire]], <b class="b3">οὐ γὰρ ἡ πληγὴ παρέστησε τὴν ὀργὴν ἀλλ' ἡ ἀτιμία</b> ib.72; π. φόβον καὶ ἀπορίαν ταῖς πόλεσι <span class="bibl">Plb.3.94.7</span>; <b class="b3">π. ὁ κίνδυνος διαλογισμόν, μὴ</b>. . <span class="bibl">Aeschin.2.159</span> : so <b class="b3">τοῦτο π. ὑμῖν γνῶναι</b> [[prompt]] you to that decision, <span class="bibl">D.18.8</span>; <b class="b3">π. τινὶ θαρρεῖν</b> [[give]] one confidence, [[varia lectio|v.l.]] in <span class="bibl">Aeschin.1.174</span>; <b class="b3">π. τινί</b> c. inf., [[put]] it [[into his head]] to... <span class="bibl">Paus.9.14.6</span>; also <b class="b3">π. τινὶ ὅτι</b> or [[ὡς]]... <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">Oec.</span>13.1</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>600c</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[dispose]] a person, πρὸς μελαγχολίας Phld. <span class="title">Ir.</span>p.28 W., cf. <span class="title">Mus.</span>p.73 K.; also Ἀθηναίους ἄλλα παρέστησεν ὡς ἥρωα τιμᾶν Θησέα <span class="bibl">Plu. <span class="title">Thes.</span>35</span> :—also in Pass., V. B. V. 1. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> of a Poet, [[represent]], [[describe]], τὸν Νέστορα παρέστησε [ὁ ποιητὴς] πείθοντα <span class="bibl">Phld. <span class="title">Hom.</span> p.65</span> O., cf. <span class="bibl">Ath.3.110f</span>, <span class="bibl">4.133b</span>; δι' ἐτυμολογίας <span class="bibl">Corn. <span class="title">ND</span>1</span> :—Pass., <b class="b3">παριστάσθω ὅτι</b>… [[let it be stated]] that... <span class="bibl">S.E. <span class="title">M.</span>7.310</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[furnish]], [[supply]], [[deliver]], PCair.Zen.790.10 (iii B.C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span>5.196</span> (ii B.C.), Abh. Berl.Akad>.<span class="bibl">1925(5).31</span> (Cyrene). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> [[make good]], [[prove]], [[show]], τι πολλοῖς τεκμηρίοις <span class="bibl">Lys.12.51</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>24.13</span>; καθάπερ προϊόντες -στήσομεν Phld. <span class="title">Ir.</span>p.85 W., cf. <span class="title">Mus.</span>p.37 K. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> c. acc. pers., [[present]], [[offer]], <b class="b3">ἑαυτοὺς τῷ θεῷ, ἑαυτοὺς δούλους εἰς ὑπακοήν</b>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Rom.</span>6.13</span>,<span class="bibl">16</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> [[commend]], βρῶμα ἡμᾶς οὐ παραστήσει τῷ θεῷ <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Cor.</span>8.8</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">7</span> [[render]], [ἡ πίσσα] τὸν οἶνον ἔὔποτον παρίστησι ταχέως Plu.2.676c. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">8</span> in later Greek, as in Med. (V. C. 1), [[produce]] in [[court]], etc., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>759.22</span> (ii A.D.), etc. :—Pass., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Sammelb.</span>4512.82</span> (ii B.C.), etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> [[set side by side]], [[compare]], [πόλεις] μικρὰς μεγάλαις <span class="bibl">Isoc. 12.40</span>.—The use of these act. tenses occurs in Pl.l.c., but first becomes common in Oratt. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">B</span> Pass., with aor. 2, pf. and plpf. Act., intr. : </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> [[stand by]], [[beside]], or [[near]], θέων δέ οἱ ἄγχι παρέστη <span class="bibl">Il.15.442</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">483</span>; ἀμφίπολος δ' ἄρα οἱ κεδνὴ ἑκάτερθε παρέστη <span class="bibl">Od.1.335</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">8.218</span>, <span class="bibl">18.183</span>; <b class="b3">ἑξείης πάντεσσι παρίστασαι</b>, of a beggar, <span class="bibl">17.450</span>; οὐδ' ἄρα οἵ τις ἀνουτητί γε παρέστη <span class="bibl">Il.22.371</span>; <b class="b3">ζωγράφῳ παρεστηκυῖα</b>, of a painter's model, <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">Mem.</span>3.11.2</span> : freq. in part. [[παραστάς]] with a Verb, εἶπε παραστάς <span class="bibl">Il.12.60</span>; <b class="b3">οὖτα π</b>. <span class="bibl">20.472</span>; [[παρασταθείς]], [[varia lectio|v.l.]] for [[κατασταθείς]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>365</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[stand by]], i.e. [[help]], [[defend]], τινι <span class="bibl">Il.10.279</span>, etc.; Τρωσὶ παρεστάμεναι καὶ ἀμύνειν <span class="bibl">21.231</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">15.255</span>; Ὀδυσῆϊ π. ἠδ' ἐπαρήγει <span class="bibl">23.783</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hes. <span class="title">Th.</span>439</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.87</span>, etc.; π. τινὶ χερσί <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Aj.</span>1384</span>; <b class="b3">βοηθοὶ π</b>. <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">Cyr.</span>5.3.19</span>; οὐ παρέστη οὐδ' ἐβοήθησεν <span class="bibl">D.45.64</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> more freq. in past tenses, [[to have come]], δεῦρο παρέστης <span class="bibl">Il.3.405</span>; to [[be at hand]], νῆες δ' ἐκ Λήμνοιο παρέστασαν <span class="bibl">7.467</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> of events, to [[be near]], [[be at hand]], ἀλλά τοι ἤδη ἄγχι παρέστηκεν θάνατος <span class="bibl">16.853</span>; κακὴ Διὸς αἶσα παρέστη ἡμῖν <span class="bibl">Od.9.52</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">16.280</span> : in fut. Med., σοὶ…παραστήσεσθαι ἔμελλεν μοῖρ' ὀλοή <span class="bibl">24.28</span>; ἐάν του καιρὸς ἢ χρεία παραστῇ <span class="bibl">D. 21.101</span>, cf. 73 : freq. in pf., παρέστηχ' ὡς ἔοικ' ἀγὼν μέγας <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Hec.</span>229</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Med.</span>331</span>; in part., τὸ χρῶμα τὸ παρεστηκός <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Eq.</span>399</span>; ὁ νῦν παρεστηκὼς ἡμῖν λόγος <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Lg.</span>962d</span> : in Att. form [[παρεστώς]], [[παρεστῶσα]], ός, τῆς παρεστώσης νόσου> <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Ph.</span>734</span>; <b class="b3">τοῦ π. θέρους</b> ib.<span class="bibl">1340</span>; τὰς παρεστώσας τύχας <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Or.</span>[1024]</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ παρεστῶτα</b> [[present circumstances]], <b class="b3">τὰ λῷστα, κράτιστα τῶν π</b>., <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Ag.</span>1053</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pr.</span>218</span>; πρὸς τὸ παρεστός <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Eq.</span>564</span>; πρὸς τὸ παριστάμενον <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">Eq.Mag.</span>9.1</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> [[come to the side of]] another, [[come over]] to his [[opinion]], παραστῆναι ἐς τῶν Περσέων τὴν γνώμην <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.99</span> : abs., [[come to terms]], [[surrender]], [[submit]], <span class="bibl">Id.3.13</span>,<span class="bibl">5.65</span>, <span class="bibl">6.140</span>; οἱ πολέμιοι παραστήσονται <span class="bibl">Id.3.155</span>; τῷ πολέμῳ παραστῆναι <span class="bibl">D. 22.15</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">EM</span>653.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> [[happen]] to one, τῷ δὴ λέγουσι. . θῶμα μέγιστον παραστῆναι <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.23</span>; τὸ φρονεῖν ἀλλοῖα παρίσταται <span class="bibl">Emp. 108</span>; esp. [[come into one's head]], [[occur]] to one, τὼς νόος ἀνθρώποισι παριστᾶται <span class="bibl">Parm.16.2</span>; δόξα μοι παρεστάθη ναοὺς ἱκέσθαι <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">OT</span>911</span>; <b class="b3">δόξα π</b>. <b class="b3">τινὶ ὥστε</b>… <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>66b</span>; <b class="b3">σοὶ τοῦτο παρέστηκεν, ὡς</b>… <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Phdr.</span> 233c</span>; <b class="b3">π. θαῦμα, γνώμη</b>, <span class="bibl">And.2.2</span>, <span class="bibl">24</span> (s.v.l.); ἔκπληξις παρέστη <span class="bibl">Th.8.96</span> : impers., <b class="b3">παρίσταταί μοι</b> [[it occurs to me]]; <b class="b3">τῷ οὐ παραστήσεται… τεθνάναι βούλεσθαι</b> to whom [[it will]] not [[occur]] to wish for death, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.46</span>: folld. by [[ὡς]], <span class="bibl">Th. 4.61</span>,<span class="bibl">95</span>, <span class="bibl">Lys. 12.62</span>, etc. : c. inf., <span class="bibl">Id.7.17</span>; οὐχὶ παρίσταταί μοι ταὐτὰ γιγνώσκειν <span class="bibl">D.3.1</span> : c. acc. et inf., <span class="bibl">Lys.21.12</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>58e</span>; part., <b class="b3">τὸ παριστάμενον</b> that which comes into one's [[head]], a [[thought]], <span class="bibl">Luc. <span class="title">Cont.</span> 13</span>; <b class="b3">ἐκ τοῦ π. λέγειν</b> speak [[offhand]], <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Dem.</span>9</span>, cf. Gal. 14.295. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">V</span> to [[be disposed]], πρὸς τὰς πράξεις Phld.<span class="title">Mus.</span>p.71 K.; εἰρηνικῶς παρεστώτων <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Hom.</span> p.45</span> O. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[collect oneself]], παραστῆναι πρὸς τὸν κίνδυνον <span class="bibl">D.S. 17.43</span>; <b class="b3">τῷ θυμῷ παραστάς</b> ib.<span class="bibl">99</span>; π. πρὸς τὴν ἀπολογίαν <span class="bibl">Plu. <span class="title">Alc.</span> 19</span>; παρεστηκότες ταῖς γνώμαις <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Fr.</span> 161</span> J. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> metaph., <b class="b3">οἶνος παρίσταται</b> the wine [[improves]], [[becomes fit for drinking]], opp. [[ἐξίσταται]], <span class="bibl">Thphr. <span class="title">CP</span>6.14.10</span>, cf. Dsc.5.8. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> of a crop, to [[be ripe]], ὅταν ὁ πρώϊμος σπόρος παραστῇ <span class="title">OGI</span>56.68 (Egypt, iii B. C.); so prob. ἡ γῆ παρέστηκεν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PLille</span> 8.5</span> (iii B. C.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">VI</span> <b class="b3">παρεστηκέναι φρενῶν</b> to [[be beside oneself]], [[lose one's wits]], <span class="bibl">Plb.18.53.6</span>; π. ταῖς διανοίαις <span class="bibl">Id.14.5.7</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον π</b>. <span class="bibl">Id.22.8.13</span>; cf. παρεξίστημι ''ΙΙ''. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> to [[be passionately devoted to]], ἵπποισι παρεστεῶτες <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Ep.</span>17</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">VII</span> abs., [[παρεστηκός]], = [[παρόν]], [[since it was in their power]], [[since the opportunity offered]], <span class="bibl">Th.4.133</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">C</span> Some tenses of Med., pres. and impf. sts., fut. and aor. I almost always (for exceptions, v. supr. <span class="bibl">B. 11.2</span>, III, iv), are used in causal sense : </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> [[set by one's side]], [[bring forward]], [[produce]], π. ἱερεῖα <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>6.1.22</span>; esp. in a court of justice, τοὺς παῖδας παραστησάμενοι <span class="bibl">Lys.20.35</span>; <b class="b3">παιδία παραστήσεται</b> (of a [[culprit]]) <span class="bibl">D.21.99</span>; <b class="b3">ταῦτα παραστησάμενος</b> ib.187; [[μάρτυρας]] παρίστανται <span class="bibl">Is.4.13</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">παραστήσασθαί τινα</b> [[produce]] him [[as witness]], <span class="bibl">Id.9.9</span>, <span class="bibl">D.34.28</span>, etc.; π. τινὰ εἰς κρίσιν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>555b</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[commend]], τινί τινα <span class="bibl">J.<span class="title">AJ</span> 15.7.3</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[bring to one's side]], [[bring over by force]], [[bring to terms]], ἀέκοντας παραστήσασθαι <span class="bibl">Hdt. 8.80</span>; π. βία <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>916</span>; π. πολιορκίᾳ <span class="bibl">Th.1.98</span>; <b class="b3">πολιορκοῦντας π. ὁμολογίᾳ</b> ib.<span class="bibl">29</span> : abs., <b class="b3">π. τινά, π. πόλιν</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.45</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.124</span>, etc.; τοὺς οἰκοῦντας τὴν Ἀττικὴν π. εἰς φορὰν δασμοῦ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span> 706b</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> generally, [[dispose]] for one's own [[view]]s or [[purpose]]s, <b class="b3">τινὰ παραστήσασθαι οὕτως ὥστε</b>… so to [[dispose]] a person that... <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.136</span>; ἑαυτοὺς πρὸς τὴν μάχην <span class="bibl">Plb.3.109.9</span>; [[dispose]], [[induce]] a person, πρὸς τὸ κοινωνεῖν <span class="bibl">Id.29.3.5</span> : c. acc. et inf., <span class="bibl">Chio <span class="title">Ep.</span>3</span>.</span>

|mdlsjtxt=<br />A. Causal in pres., imperf., fut. and aor1 to make to [[stand]] or to [[place]] [[beside]], Polyb.; παραστήσας τὰ ὅπλα having brought his [[arms]] [[into]] [[view]], Dem.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> to set [[before]] the [[mind]], [[present]], [[offer]], [[bring]] [[home]] to the [[mind]], c. inf., Dem.; π. τινὶ θαρρεῖν to [[give]] one [[confidence]], Aeschin.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> to make [[good]], [[prove]], [[show]], Lys., NTest.<br /><b class="num">III.</b> to set [[side]] by [[side]], [[compare]], Isocr.<br />B. Pass., with aor2, perf. and plup. act., intr., to [[stand]] by, [[beside]] or near, Hom.; so aor1 [[pass]]. [[part]]. παρασταθείς, Eur.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> to [[stand]] by, i. e. to [[help]] or [[defend]], τινι Il., Hdt., Trag.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> in [[past]] tenses, to [[have]] [[come]], be at [[hand]], be [[present]], Il.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> of events, to be near, be at [[hand]], Hom.; perf. [[part]]., Lat. [[praesens]], τὸ [[χρῶμα]] τὸ παρεστηκός Ar.; [[attic]] also [[παρεστώς]], ῶσα, ός, Trag.; τὰ παρεστῶτα [[present]] circumstances, Aesch.; πρὸς τὸ παρεστός Ar.<br /><b class="num">III.</b> to [[come]] to the [[side]] of [[another]], [[come]] [[over]] to his [[opinion]], Hdt.: absol. to [[come]] to terms, [[surrender]], [[submit]], Hdt., Dem.<br /><b class="num">IV.</b> to [[happen]] to one, Hdt.: to [[come]] [[into]] one's [[head]], [[occur]] to one, [[δόξα]] μοι παρεστάθη Soph.:—impers., παρίσταταί μοι it occurs to me, Hdt., Thuc.<br /><b class="num">V.</b> absol., παρεστηκός, = [[παρόν]], [[since]] it was in [[their]] [[power]], [[since]] the [[opportunity]] offered, Thuc.<br />C. Some tenses of Mid., esp. fut. and aor1, are used in causal [[sense]]:<br /><b class="num">I.</b> to [[bring]] [[forward]], [[produce]], Xen.; esp. in a [[court]] of [[justice]], Dem.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> to [[bring]] to one's [[side]], and so,<br /><b class="num">1.</b> to [[bring]] [[over]] by [[force]], [[bring]] to terms, Hdt., Soph., etc.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> to [[gain]] by [[kindness]], win [[over]], Thuc., Dem.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> [[generally]], to [[dispose]] for one's own views or purposes, Hdt.