στερεός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ά, όν, also στερρός ([[quod vide|q.v.]]), <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[firm]], [[solid]], σ. λίθος ἠὲ σίδηρος <span class="bibl">Od.19.494</span>; βοέαι <span class="bibl">Il.17.493</span>; <b class="b3">αἰχμὴ σ. πᾶσα χρυσέη</b> all of [[solid]] gold, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.52</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">183</span>; ἕρμα σ. γῆς <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span>854</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>9.16</span>; γῆ σ. καὶ ἀδιάλυτος <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Nat.</span>14.2</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ -ώτερα τῶν ὀστέων</b>, opp. <b class="b3">τὰ ἀραιότερα</b>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Fract.</span>33</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ σ</b>., opp. [[κενόν]], Democr. ap. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ph.</span>188a22</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Metaph.</span>985b7</span>; opp. [[μαλθακός]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>239c</span>; <b class="b3">κυσὶ σ. καὶ ἰσχνοῖς</b>, opp. <b class="b3">προβάτοις πίοσι καὶ ἁπαλοῖς</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>422d</span>; ἀθλητής <span class="bibl">D.L.2.132</span>; βραχίονες <span class="bibl">Theoc.22.48</span>; δέρματα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>321a</span>; νῆμα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Plt.</span>282e</span>; <b class="b3">σ. κέρας</b> [[solid]], opp. [[κοῖλον]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>500a6</span>; σ. κάλαμος <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>4.11.10</span>; <b class="b3">στερεὰ τροφή</b> [[solid]] food, <span class="bibl">D.S.2.4</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Hebr.</span>5.12</span>, <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Epict.</span>2.16.39</span> (Comp.); <b class="b3">τὸ σ. σῶμα</b>, opp. <b class="b3">ὁ χυλός</b>, Gal.15.463; <b class="b3">σ. κοιλίη</b> [[costive]], Hp.<span class="title">Acut.</span> (<span class="title">Sp.</span>) <span class="bibl">56</span>. Adv. <b class="b3">-ρεῶς</b> [[firmly]], [[fast]], κατέδησαν <span class="bibl">Od.14.346</span>; ἐντέτατο <span class="bibl">Il.10.263</span>; <b class="b3">νῶτα . . ἑλκόμενα σ</b>., of wrestlers, <span class="bibl">23.715</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> of money, [[standard]], [[of full value]], ἀργυρίου στερεὰ τάλαντα <span class="title">SIG</span>826 <span class="title">D</span> 20 (Delph., ii B.C.); so perhaps of sums due in kind, πυροῦ στερεοῦ <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PRein.</span>8.5</span> (ii B.C.), al.; and of linear and square measures, <b class="b3">τῆς προσούσης αὐλῆς πηχῶν σ. ὀκτὼ τὸ ἐπιβάλλον αὐτῷ μέρος ἥμισυ πήχεις σ. τέσσερας</b> eight (four) [[standard]] cubits, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PStrassb.</span>87</span> (ii B.C.), cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PLond.</span>3.1024.19</span> (ii B.C.); <b class="b3">πόδες σ</b>. [[standard]] feet, <span class="title">Milet.</span>7p.59 (Didyma); <b class="b3">μέτρημα σ</b>. <span class="title">Supp.Epigr.</span>4.446.11 (ibid, iii/ii B.C.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> <b class="b3">ὠρύγη ποταμὸς ἐπὶ τὰ τρία σ</b>. the ditch was restored by digging to its three [[normal dimensions]], <span class="title">OGI</span>672 (Canopus, i A.D.), cf. 673, where the Latin version has [[at tria soldu]] ([[m]]). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> metaph., [[stiff]], [[stubborn]], <b class="b3">στερεοῖς ἐπέεσσι</b>, opp. [[μειλιχίοις]], <span class="bibl">Il.12.267</span>; κραδίη -ωτέρη ἐστὶ λίθοιο <span class="bibl">Od.23.103</span>. Adv. -ρεῶς, ἀποειπεῖν <span class="bibl">Il.9.510</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">23.42</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> later, [[hard]], [[stubborn]], [[cruel]], πῦρ <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>10(11).36</span>; ὀδύναι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">P.</span>4.221</span>; ἀπειλαί <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span> 174</span> (anap.); ἁμαρτήματα <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>1262</span> (lyr.); ἦθος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Plt.</span>309b</span>; οὕτω σ. &lt;τι&gt; πρᾶγμα θερμόν ἐσθ' ὕδωρ <span class="bibl">Antiph.245</span>; σ. φωνή <span class="bibl">Tryph.490</span>; <b class="b3">τοῦτο ἤδη -ώτερον</b> [[harder]], [[more difficult]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>348e</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> of language, <b class="b3">τὸ εὔτονον καὶ σ</b>. [[solidity]], <span class="bibl">D.H.<span class="title">Din.</span>8</span>; ποιήματα <span class="bibl">Phld.<span class="title">Po.</span>5.5</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">4</span> (Sup.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">σ. ζῴδια</b>, i.e. productive of [[settled]] conditions, Serapio in <span class="title">Cat.Cod.Astr.</span>1.100.17, <span class="bibl">Ptol.<span class="title">Tetr.</span>32</span>, <span class="title">PMag.Lond.</span>46.47. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> of bodies and quantities, [[solid]], [[cubic]], opp. [[ἐπίπεδος]] (plane), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phlb.</span>51c</span>; <b class="b3">σ. γωνία</b> a [[solid]] angle, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ti.</span>54e</span> sq., cf. <span class="bibl">Euc. 11</span> <span class="title">Def.</span>11; σ. πῆχυς <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>669.7</span> (iii A.D.); <b class="b3">σ. ἀριθμός</b> a [[cubic]] number, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1316a8</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ σ</b>. <b class="b2">cubic numbers, representing bodies of three dimensions</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>148b</span>: dat. sg. στερεῷ [[in the third power]], Theol.Ar.4. (Cf. Skt. [[sthirás]] 'firm, hard, solid', OHG. [[star]] 'rigid', OE. [[starian]] 'stare fixedly'.)</span>

|sltr=[[στερεός]] <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b> [[harsh]], [[remorseless]] ὑπὸ στερεῷ πυρὶ (O. 10.36) στερεᾶν ὀδυνᾶν (P. 4.221) adv., -εῶς, τεῖρε δὲ στερεῶλτ;ςγτ; ἄλλαν μὲν [[σκέλος]], ἄλλαν δὲ πᾶχ[υν] φέροισαν (supp. Lobel) fr. 169. 29.

|elnltext=στερεός -ά -όν [~ στεῖρα] stijf, hard, vast, massief, stevig:. στερεὴ λίθος een harde steen Od. 19.494; στερεοὶ βραχίονες stevige (d.w.z. gespierde) armen Theocr. Id. 22.48; στερεὰ τροφή vast voedsel NT. overdr. hard, onbuigzaam, koppig:. ἁμαρτήματα στερεά koppige fouten, d.w.z. fouten veroorzaakt door koppigheid Soph. Ant. 1262. van een argument sterk. Plat. Resp. 348e. wisk. kubiek, driedimensionaal, tot de derde macht verheven; σ. ἀριθμός kubiek getal; subst. τὰ στερεά kubieke getallen (om driedimensionale lichamen te beschrijven).

|etymtx=Grammatical information: adj.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">stiff, hard, firm, tenacious, steady, solid, normal, by the rules</b> (of money and measure) Il., [[cubic]] (s. Mugler Dict. géom. 378f.), rarely [[infertile]] (E., Arist.).<br />Other forms: Att. also [[στερρός]].<br />Compounds: As 1. member a.o. in <b class="b3">στερεο-μετρ-ία</b> f. [[the measuring of cubic bodies]], [[stereometry]] (Pl. Epin., Arist. a.o.).<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">στερε-ότης</b> (<b class="b3">-ρρ-</b>) f. [[hardness]], [[firmness]], also [[infertility]] (Pl., Arist. etc.); <b class="b3">στερε-όομαι</b> (<b class="b3">-ρρ-</b>), <b class="b3">-όω</b>, also w. <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b2">to become, make firm, hard etc., to harden</b> (Hp., X., Arist. a.o.) with <b class="b3">στερέ-ωμα</b> n. [[firmness]], [[solid component]], [[firmament]] (Hp., Arist. etc.), <b class="b3">-ωσις</b> f. [[to harden]] (LXX, Str. a.o.), <b class="b3">-ωματίζω</b>, <b class="b3">-ωτικός</b>, <b class="b3">-ωτής</b>. Enlarged <b class="b3">στερέ-ϊνος</b> [[hard]] (pap. Ip, after <b class="b3">πέτρ-</b>, <b class="b3">ξύλ-ινος</b> a.o.). -- Besides [[στέριφος]] [[hard]], [[firm]], [[infertile]] (Att., Arist. etc.) with <b class="b3">στεριφ-ότης</b> (sch.), <b class="b3">-όομαι</b> [[to solidify]] (Ph.) with <b class="b3">-ώματα</b> n. pl. [[solid foundation]], <b class="b3">-ευομένη παρθενευομένη</b> H. -- Also [[στερέμνιος]] [[hard]], [[firm]], [[solid]] (Pl. Epin., Epicur., Phld. a.o.) with <b class="b3">-ιώδης</b> (Porph.), <b class="b3">-ιόομαι</b> (Zeno).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [1022] <b class="b2">*ster-</b> [[stiff]], [[fixed]], [[solid]]<br />Etymology: If from <b class="b3">*στερεϜός</b>, [[στερεός]], from where [[στερρός]] (details in Scheller Oxytonierung 114 w. n.4; diff. Forbes Glotta 36, 269 f.), would agree with <b class="b3">ἐτε(Ϝ)ός</b>, <b class="b3">κενε(Ϝ)ός</b> a.o. In [[στεριφος]] [[unfertile]] Leummann Glotta 42, 118 wants to see a derivation from the phonetic antecedent of [[στεῖρα]] after the animal names in <b class="b3">-φος</b> ([[ἔριφος]], [[ἔλαφος]] a.o.) with change from [[unfertile]] to [[hard]]. For [[στερέμνιος]] a <b class="b3">μ(ε)ν-</b>derivation must be supposed (<b class="b3">*στέρεμνον</b>, <b class="b3">*στέρεμα</b>); cf. <b class="b3">βέλε-μν-α</b>, <b class="b3">ἔρυ-μα</b> (Schwyzer 489), also the synonymous <b class="b3">ἀ-τέρα-μνος</b> (s. v.). -- The above formations are based on an unattested word IE <b class="b2">*ster-</b>, to which with <b class="b2">o-</b>derivation the Germ. word for [[starr]], a.o. in OHG [[stara-blint]] [[blind]] with OHG [[starēn]] [[stare]], with expressive gemination NHG [[starr]] with MHG [[starren]], NHG (<b class="b2">er)starren</b>. Toch. B <b class="b2">ścire</b> [[hard]], [[stiff]] is unclear (<b class="b2">*stero-</b> or <b class="b2">*stĩro-</b>), s. Duchesne-Guillemin BSL 41, 167f., Pedersen Zur toch. Sprachgesch. 19 w. lit. -- Here also 2. [[στεῖρα]] [[stem]] and, with very ancient special meaning, 1. [[στεῖρα]] [[unfertile]] (s. vv.). -- To the same family belong numerous further words with varying formation and different enlargements, s. [[στέρφος]], [[στρηνής]], [[στόρθυγξ]], [[στηρίζω]], [[στριφνός]] and WP. 2, 627ff., Pok. 1022ff. -- The group of words is unclear and needs further research.

|ftr='''στερεός''': (seit Il.),<br />{stereós}<br />'''Forms''': att. auch [[στερρός]]<br />'''Meaning''': (vgl. unten) ‘steif, hart. fest, hartnäckig, standhaft, solid, normal, vorschriftsmäßig’ (von Geld und Maß), [[kubisch]] (s. Mugler Dict. géom. 378f.), vereinzelt [[unfruchtbar]] (E., Arist.).<br />'''Composita''' : Als Vorderglied u.a. in [[στερεομετρία]] f. [[das Ausmessen kubischer Körper]], [[Stereometrie]] (Pl. ''Epin''., Arist. u.a.).<br />'''Derivative''': Davon [[στερεότης]] (-ρρ-) f. [[Härte]], [[Festigkeit]], auch [[Unfruchtbarkeit]] (Pl., Arist. usw.); στερεόομαι (-ρρ-), -όω, auch m. ἀπο-, κατα-, ‘fest, hart usw. werden, machen, (sich) abhärten’ (Hp., X., Arist. u.a.) mit [[στερέωμα]] n. [[Festigkeit]], [[fester Bestandteil]], [[Firmament]] (Hp., Arist. usw.), -ωσις f. [[Abhärten]] (LXX, Str. u.a.), -ωματίζω, -ωτικός, -ωτής. Erweitert [[στερέϊνος]] [[hart]] (Pap. I^p, nach πέτρ-, [[ξύλινος]] u.a.). — Daneben [[στέριφος]] [[hart]], [[fest]], [[unfruchtbar]] (att., Arist. usw.) mit [[στεριφότης]] (Sch.), -όομαι [[fest werden]] (Ph.) mit -ώματα n. pl. [[feste Grundlage]], -ευομένη· παρθενευομένη H. — Auch [[στερέμνιος]] [[hart]], [[fest]], [[solid]] (Pl. ''Epin''., Epikur., Phld. u.a.) mit -ιώδης (Porph.), -ιόομαι (Zeno).<br />'''Etymology''' : Wenn aus *στερεϝός, stimmt [[στερεός]], woraus [[στερρός]] (Einzelheiten bei Scheller Oxytonierung 114m. A.4; anders Forbes Glotta 36, 269 f.), zu ἐτε(ϝ)ός, κενε(ϝ)ός u.a. In στεριφος [[unfruchtbar]] will Leummann Glotta 42, 118 eine Ableitung von der lautlichen Vorstufe zu [[στεῖρα]] nach den Tiernamen auf -φος ([[ἔριφος]], [[ἔλαφος]] u.a.) sehen mit Wandel von [[unfruchtbar]] zu [[hart]]. Für [[στερέμνιος]] ist eine μ(ε)ν-Ableitung vorauszusetzen (*στέρεμνον, *στέρεμα); vgl. βέλεμνα, [[ἔρυμα]] (Schwyzer 489), auch das synonyme [[ἀτέραμνος]] (s. d.). —Die obigen Bildungen fußen auf einem unbelegten Grundwort idg. *''ster''-, wozu mit ''o''-Abtönung das germ. Wort für [[starr]], u.a. in ahd. ''stara''-''blint'' [[starblind]] mit ahd. ''starēn'' [[starren]], [[stieren]], mit expressiver Gemination nhd. ''starr'' mit mhd. ''starren'', nhd. (''er'')''starren''. Toch. B ''ścire'' [[hart]], [[starr]], [[steif]] ist mehrdeutig (*''stero''- od. *''stĩro''-), s. Duchesne-Guillemin BSL41, 167f., Pedersen Zur toch. Sprachgesch. 19m. Lit. —Hierher noch 2. [[στεῖρα]] [[Vorderkiel]] und, mit uralter Sonderbedeutung, 1. [[στεῖρα]] [[unfruchtbar]] (s. dd.). — Zur selben Sippe gehören ferner zahlreiche weitere Wörter mit wechselnder Bildung und verschiedenen Erweiterungen, s. [[στέρφος]], [[στρηνής]], [[στόρθυγξ]], [[στηρίζω]], [[στριφνός]] und WP. 2, 627ff., Pok. 1022ff.<br />'''Page''' 2,790-791