ὄνειδος: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[reproach]], [[rebuke]], [[abuse]], [[disgrace]] (Il.).<br />Derivatives: [[ὀνειδείη]] f. <b class="b2">id.</b> (Nic.; cf. on [[ἐλεγχείη]] s. [[ἐλέγχω]]), [[ὀνείδειος]] [[baling]], [[scolding]] (Hom., AP), [[ὀνειδείω]] [[to blame]] (Thebaïs Fr. 3; < <b class="b3">-εσ-ι̯ω</b>); mostly [[ὀνειδίζω]], also with prefix as <b class="b3">ἐξ-</b>, <b class="b3">προσ-</b>, [[to make reproaches]], [[to abuse]], [[to scold]] with several derivv.: <b class="b3">ὀνείδ-ισμα</b> n. [[reproach]], [[abuse]] (Hdt.), <b class="b3">-ισμός</b> (<b class="b3">ἐξ-</b>) m. <b class="b2">id.</b> (D.H., J.), <b class="b3">-ιστήρ</b> (E., <b class="b3">κατ-</b> ὄνειδος Man.), <b class="b3">-ιστής</b> (Arist.) [[railer]] (Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 14 a. 18), (<b class="b3">ἐξ-)ονειδιστικός</b> [[abusive]] (hell.); on itself <b class="b3">ἐπ-ονείδ-ιστος</b> [[deserving a reproach]], [[blameworthy]] (Att.), prob. for <b class="b3">*ἐπ-ονειδής</b> after the many verbal adj. in <b class="b3">-ιστος</b>.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [760] <b class="b2">*h₃neid-</b> [[revile]]<br />Etymology: Old, in Grek isolated verbal noun without exact non-Greek agreement. The basic primary verb, which in Greek was replaced by the denomin. [[ὀνειδίζω]], is in other languages often retained: Skt. [[nid-āná-]] [[reproached]], athem. aor. ptc., beside which the passive formation [[nid-yá-māna-]] <b class="b2">id.</b> and the nasal present [[ní-n-d-ati]] (cf. on [[ὄνομαι]]); Av. [[nāis-mī]] < <b class="b2">*nāid-s-mi</b> [[I reproach]], lengthened grade athem. pres. with [[s-]]enlargement (if not analogical after forms like ipf. [[nāis-t]] < <b class="b2">*nāid-t</b>, 2. pl. [[nis-ta]] < <b class="b2">*nid-ta</b>); Balt. e.g. Latv. [[nîdu]], inf. [[nîdêt]], [[nîst]] [[squint at]], [[not tolerate]], [[hate]]. Further fom German. the deverbal or denominative secondary formation in Goth. [[ga-naitjan]] [[revile]]. Especially interesting for Greek is because of the vowelprothesis Arm. [[anicanem]], aor. [[anici]] < <b class="b2">*o-neid-s-</b> (on Arm. [[a-]] < [[o-]] cf. on [[ὄναρ]], on [[-s-]] Meillet MSL 20, 211). -- Further forms with lit. and uncontrollable root analysis in WP. 2, 322f., Pok. 760, Feist Vgl. Wb. d. got. Spr. s. v., Kuiper Nasalpräs. 130, Specht Ursprung 126, 167; see also Mayrhofer s. [[níndati]] and Fraenkel s. [[níedėti]].