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Ἀραβάρχης: Difference between revisions
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The view that the alabarch was the head of the Jewish community is certainly wrong. He is in all probability identical with the ἀραβάρχης, whose office was that of chief superintendent of customs on the Arabian frontier, i.e. on the east side of the Nile. A 'vectigal Arabarchiæ per Ægyptum atque Augustamnicam constitutum' is mentioned in the Codex Justin. IV. lxi. 9; an inscription found at Koptos contains a tariff fixing 'how much is to be raised by those who farm the ἀποστόλιον [?] at Koptos under the arabarchy'; see the text of this inscription in Bulletin de corresp. hellénique, xx. [1896] 174–176; on the office of the alabarch in general, see the Literature in Schürer, GJV iii. 88 f., and add Wilcken, Greichische Ostraka, i. [1899] 347–351). Perhaps it is the office of the alabarch that is in view when Josephus says that the Romans 'continued (to the Jews of Alexandria) the position of trust given them by the kings, namely, the watching of the river' (c. Apion. ii. 5 fin.: 'maximam vero eis fidem olim a regibus datam conservaverunt, id est fluminis custodiam totiusque custodiæ' [the last word is certainly corrupt]). The 'watching of the river' refers to watching it in the interests of levying customs. In any cae the alabarch was not an official of the Jewish community, but a man who held a prominent place in civil life.—Tiberius Alexander, a son of the alabarch Alexander, even reached the highest grades of a Roman military career, although at the expense of renouncing his ancestral religion. | The view that the alabarch was the head of the Jewish community is certainly wrong. He is in all probability identical with the ἀραβάρχης, whose office was that of chief superintendent of customs on the Arabian frontier, i.e. on the east side of the Nile. A 'vectigal Arabarchiæ per Ægyptum atque Augustamnicam constitutum' is mentioned in the Codex Justin. IV. lxi. 9; an inscription found at Koptos contains a tariff fixing 'how much is to be raised by those who farm the ἀποστόλιον [?] at Koptos under the arabarchy'; see the text of this inscription in Bulletin de corresp. hellénique, xx. [1896] 174–176; on the office of the alabarch in general, see the Literature in Schürer, GJV iii. 88 f., and add Wilcken, Greichische Ostraka, i. [1899] 347–351). Perhaps it is the office of the alabarch that is in view when Josephus says that the Romans 'continued (to the Jews of Alexandria) the position of trust given them by the kings, namely, the watching of the river' (c. Apion. ii. 5 fin.: 'maximam vero eis fidem olim a regibus datam conservaverunt, id est fluminis custodiam totiusque custodiæ' [the last word is certainly corrupt]). The 'watching of the river' refers to watching it in the interests of levying customs. In any cae the alabarch was not an official of the Jewish community, but a man who held a prominent place in civil life.—Tiberius Alexander, a son of the alabarch Alexander, even reached the highest grades of a Roman military career, although at the expense of renouncing his ancestral religion. | ||
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L'alabarque ou arabarque était, au ier siècle un magistrat romain dans la province d'Égypte. | |wkfrtx=L'alabarque ou arabarque était, au ier siècle un magistrat romain dans la province d'Égypte. | ||
Comme Flavius Josèphe mentionne deux alabarques qui sont des Juifs Égyptiens très riches, certains critiques en ont conclu qu'il s'agissait d'une sorte d'ethnarque de la communauté juive d'Alexandrie. Dans les documents épigraphiques — notamment ceux retrouvés en Égypte — on trouve souvent la forme arabarque plutôt qu'alabarque. Un consensus se dessine chez les historiens pour définir l'alabarque ou l'arabarque, comme un contrôleur général des douanes de la frontière arabique ou un officier financier chargé de lever les taxes sur les transports. | Comme Flavius Josèphe mentionne deux alabarques qui sont des Juifs Égyptiens très riches, certains critiques en ont conclu qu'il s'agissait d'une sorte d'ethnarque de la communauté juive d'Alexandrie. Dans les documents épigraphiques — notamment ceux retrouvés en Égypte — on trouve souvent la forme arabarque plutôt qu'alabarque. Un consensus se dessine chez les historiens pour définir l'alabarque ou l'arabarque, comme un contrôleur général des douanes de la frontière arabique ou un officier financier chargé de lever les taxes sur les transports. | ||
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==Wikipedia IT== | ==Wikipedia IT== | ||
Alabarca (in greco antico: ἀλαβάρχης, alabàrxes) è il titolo che i Greci attribuivano agli ufficiali della dogana di Alessandria durante il periodo ellenistico e quello romano. Il titolo di alabarca è diverso da quello di etnarca, che si riferisce ad un capo magistrato di un particolare gruppo etnico all'interno di un territorio o di una città. | Alabarca (in greco antico: ἀλαβάρχης, alabàrxes) è il titolo che i Greci attribuivano agli ufficiali della dogana di Alessandria durante il periodo ellenistico e quello romano. Il titolo di alabarca è diverso da quello di etnarca, che si riferisce ad un capo magistrato di un particolare gruppo etnico all'interno di un territorio o di una città. | ||