ταχύς: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[ῠ], [[ταχεῖα]], [[ταχύ]]: <span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> of motion, [[swift]], [[fleet]], opp. [[βραδύς]], </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> of persons and animals, either abs., <span class="bibl">Il.18.69</span>, etc.; or more fully, πόδας ταχύς <span class="bibl">13.249</span>,<span class="bibl">482</span>, <span class="bibl">17.709</span>, etc.; ταχὺς ἔσκε θέειν <span class="bibl">Od.17.308</span>; <b class="b3">θείειν τ</b>. <span class="bibl">Il.16.186</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.3.112</span>; <b class="b3">κύνες, ἔλαφος, πτώξ, ἵππος</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.3.26</span>, <span class="bibl">8.248</span>, <span class="bibl">17.676</span>, <span class="bibl">23.347</span>, etc.; οἰωνόν, ταχὺν ἄγγελον <span class="bibl">24.292</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.15.526</span>; <b class="b3">τ. βαδιστής</b> a [[quick]] walker, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>1182</span>; <b class="b3">σφοδροὶ καὶ τ</b>. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>2.1.31</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> of things, τ. πόδες <span class="bibl">Il.6.514</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.13.261</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">τ. ἰός, ὀϊστοί</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.4.94</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.22.3</span>, etc.; πτερά <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>1453</span>; -ύτατα ἅρματα <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>1.77</span>; [[νῆες]], [[τριήρεις]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.23</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.6.43</span>, etc.; [ἴχνος] τὸ τοῦ ποδὸς μὲν βραδύ, τὸ τοῦ δὲ νοῦ ταχύ <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span>742</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> of thought and purpose, [[quick]], [[hasty]], φρονεῖν γὰρ οἱ ταχεῖς οὐκ ἀσφαλεῖς <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>617</span>: c. inf., <b class="b3">βλάπτειν τ</b>. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>1428</span>; τ. βουλεῦσαί τι ἀνήκεστον <span class="bibl">Th.1.132</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">118</span>, <span class="bibl">Luc. <span class="title">Dem.Enc.</span>12</span>; also τ. πρὸς ὀργήν <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Cat.Mi.</span>1</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ ταχύ</b> [[speed]], [[haste]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>452</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Eq.</span>7.18</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> of actions, events, etc., [[rapid]], [[sudden]], πήδημα <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>833</span>; [[ᾅδης]], [[μόρος]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>1047</span>, <span class="bibl">Mosch.3.26</span>; πόλεμος <span class="bibl">Th.4.55</span>, <span class="bibl">6.45</span>; φυγή <span class="bibl">Id.4.44</span>; μεταβολή <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>553d</span>; [[short]], <b class="b3">τ. ἐλπίδες</b> [[fleeting]] hopes, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>1.83</span>; ἐπαυρέσεις <span class="bibl">Th.2.53</span>; ἀτραπός <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Ra.</span>127</span>; ταχεῖ σὺν χρόνῳ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1602</span>; <b class="b3">τ. διήγησις</b> [[short]], [[rapid]], <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Rh.</span>1416b30</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">B</span> Adv., </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> regul. [[ταχέως]], [[quickly]], opp. [[βραδέως]], <span class="bibl">Il.23.365</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>103</span>, etc.:—rarely in sense [[perhaps]] (cf. [[τάχα]] ''ΙΙ''), <span class="bibl">Plb.16.25.8</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> the Adv. is also expressed by [[periphrasis]], <b class="b3">διὰ ταχέων</b> [[in haste]], <span class="bibl">Th.1.80</span>, <span class="bibl">3.13</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>32d</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.5.9</span>; ἐκ ταχείας <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>395</span>; cf. [[τάχος]] ''ΙΙ''. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> neut. [[ταχύ]] as adverb, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>10.51</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">N.</span>1.51</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>349</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">HF</span>885</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>109</span>, Gal.16.665, etc.; <b class="b3">ἤδη ἤδη τ. τ</b>. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Sammelb.</span> 4321.21</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>956.3</span> (both iii A.D.); <b class="b3">ἄρτι ἄρτι τ. τ</b>. <span class="title">Arch.Pap.</span>5.393 (ii A.D.); also [[τάχα]] ([[quod vide|q.v.]]). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> the Adj. [[ταχύς]] is freq. construed with Verbs, where we should use the Adv., ταχέες δ' ἱππῆες ἄγερθεν <span class="bibl">Il.23.287</span>; ταχεῖά γ' ἦλθε χρησμῶν πρᾶξις <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>739</span>; ὁρμάσθω ταχύς <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>526</span>; <b class="b3">δεῦρ' ἀφίξεται τ</b>. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OC</span>307</span>; τ. χάρις διαρρεῖ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Aj.</span> 1266</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.2.75</span>, <span class="bibl">5.66</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">C</span> Degrees of Comparison: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> Comp.: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> the form τᾰχύτερος, α, ον, is used by Hdt., ἐποίησα ταχύτερα ἢ σοφώτερα <span class="bibl">3.65</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">7.194</span>; also in <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mu.</span>394b3</span>, <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Ind.</span>9.6</span>, <span class="bibl">Aret.<span class="title">SD</span>1.16</span>, but not in good Att.; [[ταχύτερον]] as adverb, <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.127</span>, <span class="bibl">9.101</span>, <span class="bibl">Hp. <span class="title">Prog.</span>17</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> the more usual form is θάσσων, neut. [[θᾶσσον]], gen. ονος, Att. θάττων, neut. [[θᾶττον]], <span class="bibl">Il.15.570</span>, <span class="bibl">13.819</span> (elsewhere only neut. in Hom.), etc.:—neut. as adverb, freq. in Hom., <span class="bibl">Od.2.307</span>, al.; <b class="b3">θᾶσσον ἂν . . κλύοιμι</b> [[sooner]], i.e. [[rather]], would I hear, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span> 631</span>; [[θᾶσσον]] also often stands for the Positive, <span class="bibl">Il.2.440</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.15.201</span>, <span class="bibl">16.130</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.181</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>506</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">V.</span>187</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ra.</span>94</span>; <b class="b3">οὐ θᾶσσον οἴσεις</b>; i.e. make haste and bring, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>1183</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OT</span>430</span>; <b class="b3">θᾶττον νοήματος</b> [[quicker]] than thought, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>4.3.13</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>824</span>, etc.; with a Conj., <b class="b3">ὅτι θᾶσσον</b>, like [[ὅτι τάχιστα]], <span class="bibl">Theoc.24.48</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπειδὴ θᾶττον συνεσκότασεν</b> <b class="b2">as soon as . .</b>, <span class="bibl">D.54.5</span>; ἐπειδὰν θ. συνιῇ τις <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>325c</span>; ὅταν θ. φθέγγηται ὁ [[κόκκυξ]] <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>563b17</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">611a5</span>; [[ἐὰν]] or <b class="b3">ἢν θ</b>. <b class="b2">as soon as . .</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>3.3.20</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">An.</span>6.5.20</span>, Pl.<span class="title">Alc.</span>1.105a; <b class="b3">ἂν θ</b>. <span class="bibl">Men. <span class="title">Pk.</span>174</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ θ</b>. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ep.</span>324b</span>; <b class="b3">ὡς θ</b>. <span class="bibl">Plb.1.66.1</span>, <span class="bibl">3.82.1</span>; θ. rarely = [[sooner than]], [[before]], <b class="b3">ἐξήλαυνον μεσημβρίας οὐ πολλῷ τινι θ</b>. <span class="bibl">Aristid. <span class="title">Or.</span>51</span> (<span class="bibl">27</span>).<span class="bibl">13</span> (cf. [[τάχιον]] infr. <span class="bibl">3</span>). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> the form ταχίων [ῑ], neut. ιον, is freq. in late Prose, as <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Wi.</span>13.9</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ma.</span>2.40</span>, <span class="bibl">Ph.<span class="title">Bel.</span>69.14</span>, <span class="bibl">17</span>, <span class="bibl">73.23</span>, <span class="bibl">Gem.1.20</span>, <span class="bibl">D.H.6.42</span>, <span class="bibl">D.S.20.6</span>, J. (v. infr.), Plu.2.240d, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Jo.</span> 20.4</span>, <span class="bibl">Alciphr.3.4</span>; also in <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Mul.</span>1.1</span>, <span class="bibl">Men.402.16</span>; but condemned by Phryn.58, <span class="bibl">Hdn.<span class="title">Philet.</span>p.436</span> P.; <b class="b3">τὴν ταχίονα τῆς τροφῆς παράθεσιν</b> [[earlier]], [[sooner]], Gal.19.206:—Adv. [[τάχιον]] [[earlier]], <b class="b3">πλέεται . . περὶ τὸν Σεπτέμβριον μῆνα... οὐδὲν δὲ κωλύει κἂν τ</b>. <span class="title">Peripl.M.Rubr.</span> 24; <b class="b3">τ. τῆς ὑποσχέσεως</b> [[sooner]] than they had promised, <span class="title">Rev.Ét.Gr.</span> 6.159 (Iasus); τ. τοῦ παραγγέλματος <span class="bibl">J.<span class="title">BJ</span>4.4.2</span>; εἰς μακρὸν αὐτῶν γῆρας καὶ βίου μῆκος ὅμοιον τοῖς τ. ἐπερχομένων <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">AJ</span>1.3.7</span>; ἀποπαύεται οὔτε τ. ἐτῶν τεσσαράκοντα οὔτε βράδιον ἐτῶν πεντήκοντα <span class="bibl">Sor. 1.20</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">48</span>, al.; [[formerly]], ἐπεσκεύασαν τὸ παρόχιον, . . τ. γενόμενον γυμνάσιον <span class="title">IGRom.</span>3.639 (Lycia, ii A.D.), cf. 4.1517 (Sardis), 1632.14 (Philadelphia), 1665.5 (Tira), Keil-Premerstein ''Dritter Bericht'' p.79 (iii A.D.), <span class="title">Hermes</span> 63.229 (Callatis); cf. supr. 2 fin. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> Sup.: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> the form ταχύτατος is rare, ταχύτατα ἅρματα <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>1.77</span>; [[ταχύτατα]] as adverb, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>5.1.27</span> codd., <span class="bibl">Antiph.87</span> codd.; but both passages have been corrected. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> the usual form is τάχιστος, η, ον, used by Hom. only in neut. pl. [[τάχιστα]] as adverb, [[most quickly]], [[most speedily]], <b class="b3">ὅττι τάχιστα</b> [[as soon as may be]], [[as soon as possible]], <span class="bibl">Il.4.193</span>, <span class="bibl">9.659</span>, al.; ὅτι τάχιστα <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1341</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">Th.3.31</span>, etc.; so <b class="b3">ὅσον τ</b>. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>772</span>, <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">OT</span>1436</span>, etc.; ᾳ (prob.) τ. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>13.79</span>; <b class="b3">ὅπως τ</b>. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>605</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1410</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>167</span>; <b class="b3">ὡς τ</b>. <span class="title">IG</span>12.76.23, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.210</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.4.15</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Rh.</span>147</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.3.14</span>: these are ellipt. phrases, as may be seen from the foll. examples, ὡς δυνατόν ἐστι τάχιστα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>710b</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span> 5.4.3</span>; <b class="b3">ᾗ δυνατὸν τ</b>. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">HG</span>6.3.6</span>; [[ὡς]] or <b class="b3">ᾗ ἠδύνατο τ</b>. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>3.2.14</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">An.</span>1.2.4</span>; <b class="b3">ὡς δύναιτο τ</b>. <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.79</span>; [[ὡς]] or <b class="b3">ᾗ ἂν δύνωμαι τ</b>. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>4.1.38</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cyr.</span>7.1.9</span>, cf. <span class="title">IG</span>12.106.18. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> [[τάχιστα]] after Particles of [[time]], [[as soon as]], [[ἐπεὶ]] (Ion. <b class="b3">ἐπεί τε</b>) τάχιστα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>201</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.27</span>,<span class="bibl">75</span>, <span class="bibl">7.163</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>7.2.6</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>34.12</span> (iii B.C.); <b class="b3">ἐπειδὴ τ</b>. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>310d</span>, <span class="bibl">Is.9.3</span>, <span class="bibl">D.27.16</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἐπεὰν τ</b>. <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.134</span>, <span class="bibl">7.129</span>, <span class="bibl">8.144</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπὰν τ</b>. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>4.6.9</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπειδὰν τ</b>. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.3.14</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">An.</span>3.1.9</span>; <b class="b3">ὅταν τ</b>. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>4.5.33</span>: also <b class="b3">ὡς τ</b>. separated by one or more words, ὡς ἡμέρη τ. ἐγεγόνεε <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.11</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">19</span>, <span class="bibl">47</span>,<span class="bibl">65</span>, al., <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.3.2</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Mem.</span>1.2.16</span>, al.; ὡς δὲ τ. ἐξῆλθε . . κόρον ἔτεκε <span class="title">IG</span>42(1).121.4 (Epid., iv B.C.); ὡς γὰρ τ. εἰσῆλθον <span class="bibl">Men.<span class="title">Pk.</span>287</span>; ὡς ἂν τ. λάβῃς τὴν ἐπιστολήν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>241.1</span> (iii B.C.); but <b class="b3">ὡς τ. γὰρ ἀπεδήμησας</b> ib.<span class="bibl">472.7</span> (iii B.C.); <b class="b3">ὅπως τ</b>. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>230</span>:—the same notion is sometimes expressed by the part., <b class="b3">ἀπαλλαγεὶς τάχιστα</b>, = [[ὡς ἀπηλλάγη τ]]., <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Dem.</span>8</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">25</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> freq. also in Prose, <b class="b3">τὴν ταχίστην</b> (in full, τὴν τ. ὁδόν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.2.20</span>, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Rh.Pr.</span>4</span>) as adverb, [[by the quickest way]], i.e. [[most quickly]], <span class="bibl">Hdt. 1.24</span>,<span class="bibl">73</span>,<span class="bibl">81</span>,<span class="bibl">86</span>, <span class="bibl">Hyp.<span class="title">Eux.</span>7</span>, <span class="bibl">Men. <span class="title">Pk.</span>75</span>, <span class="bibl">Plb.1.33.4</span>, etc. (Cf. Lith. (dial.) [[deñgti]], Lett. [[diêgt]], both = 'run quickly', Polish [[dążyć]] 'hurry'.)</span>