supero: Difference between revisions

{{Lewis

|lshtext=<b>sŭpĕro</b>: āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and<br /><b>I</b> a. [id.].<br /><b>I</b> Neutr., to go [[over]], to [[rise]] [[above]], [[overtop]], [[surmount]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> Lit. ([[very]] [[rare]]; syn. [[transcendo]]): maximo saltu superabit [[gravidus]] armatis [[equus]], surmounted, leaped the [[wall]], Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Trag. v. 97 Vahl.): sol superabat ex mari, Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 41: ripis superat mihi [[atque]] abundat [[pectus]] [[laetitia]] [[meum]], id. ib. 2, 1, 6: jugo [[superans]], [[passing]] [[over]] the [[summit]], Verg. A. 11, 514: superat [[agger]] ad auras, Stat. Th. 4, 458: (angues) superant capite et cervicibus altis, Verg. A. 2, 219. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Trop. (freq. and [[class]].).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; To [[have]] the [[upper]] [[hand]] or [[superiority]], to be [[superior]], to [[overcome]], [[surpass]] (syn. [[vinco]]): [[denique]] nostra superat [[manus]], Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 80: quā (sc. virtute) nostri milites [[facile]] superabant, Caes. B. G. 3, 14; 1, 40: [[numero]] militum, Liv. 29, 30, 8; cf.: [[numero]] [[hostis]], virtute Romanus superat, id. 9, 32, 7: [[tantum]] superantibus malis, id. 3, 16, 4: sorte, id. 38, 36, 10: [[victor]], [[superans]] animis, Verg. A. 5, 473: hostes equitatu superare, Nep. Ages. 3, 6: [[unde]] [[salo]] superant venti, Prop. 3, 5 (4, 4), 29: superat [[sententia]] [[Sabini]], Caes. B. G. 5, 31: si superaverit [[morbus]], Plin. Ep. 7, 1, 3.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; To [[exceed]], be in [[excess]], be [[superfluous]]; to be [[abundant]], to [[abound]] (syn. [[supersum]]): in quo et deesse [[aliquam]] partem et superare mendosum est, Cic. de Or. 2, 19, 83: [[pecunia]] superabat? at egebas, id. Or. 67, 224: [[uter]] [[igitur]] est divitior? cui deest an cui superat? id. Par. 6, 3, 49: [[quis]] tolerare potest, illis divitias superare, nobis rem familiarem [[etiam]] ad necessaria deesse? Sall. C. 20, 11: cui [[quamquam]] [[virtus]], [[gloria]] ... superabant, id. J. 64, 1: quae Jugurthae fesso superaverant, had been [[too]] [[much]] for, id. ib. 70, 2: de eo [[quod]] ipsis superat, Cic. Fin. 5, 15, 42: Quinto delegabo, si [[quid]] aeri meo [[alieno]] superabit et emptionibus, id. Att. 13, 46, 3: superabat [[umor]] in arvis, Lucr. 5, 804: superante multitudine, Liv. 3, 5: cum [[otium]] superat, id. 3, 17: num [[tibi]] superat [[superbia]]? Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 86: gentis superant [[tibi]] laudes, Tib. 4, 1, 28: dum superat gregibus juventas, Verg. G. 3, 63: si superant [[fetus]], id. ib. 1, 189: [[quam]] [[facile]] [[tunc]] [[sit]] omnia impedire et [[quam]] hoc Caesari superet, non te fallit, perh. [[how]] [[exceedingly]] [[easy]] it would [[have]] been, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 5, 3 dub.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; To be [[left]] [[over]], to [[remain]], [[survive]] (syn. [[supersum]]): quae superaverint animalia [[capta]], immolant, Caes. B. G. 6, 17: [[quod]] superaret pecuniae, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 195: quae [[arma]] superabunt, Pompon. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 12, A, § 4; Plaut. Truc. 5, 49: [[nihil]] ex raptis commeatibus superabat, Liv. 22, 40, 8: pepulerunt jam paucos superantes, id. 22, 49, 5: si de quincunce remota est Uncia, [[quid]] superat? Hor. A. P. 328: [[sex]] superant [[versus]], Prop. 4 (5), 2, 57: [[pars]] quae sola mei superabit corporis, ossa, Tib. 3, 2, 17; Plaut. Truc. prol. 20: superet [[modo]] [[Mantua]] nobis, Verg. E. 9, 27: [[uter]] eorum vitā superarit, [[whichever]] survives, Caes. B. G. 6, 19: quae superaverint animalia, id. ib. 6, 17: [[quid]] [[puer]] [[Ascanius]]? superatne et vescitur aurā? Verg. A. 3, 339: captae superavimus urbi, id. ib. 2, 643; Liv. 29, 7, 7: [[quid]] [[igitur]] superat, [[quod]] purgemus? id. 45, 24, 1.—<br /><b>II</b> Act., to go or [[pass]] [[over]], [[rise]] [[above]]; to [[mount]], [[ascend]]; to [[surmount]], [[overtop]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> Lit.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In gen.: in altisono Caeli [[clipeo]] [[temo]] superat Stellas, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 73 Müll. (Vahl. Enn. p. 119, om. stellas): [[tempestas]] [[summas]] ripas fluminis superavit, Caes. B. C. 1, 48: ventosum [[aequor]], Ov. Ib. 591: fluvium, Luc. 4, 150: [[mare]], Sen. Oet. 128: pedibus salsas lacunas, Lucr. 3, 1031: munitiones, Liv. 5, 8, 10: quas ([[Alpes]]) nullā dum viā superatas, id. 5, 34, 6; 21, 26, 4; 21, 30, 5; 21, 38, 1; 23, 45, 3: Tauro monte superato, id. 35, 13, 4: montes, Verg. G. 3, 270: [[Alpes]] cursu, Luc. 1, 183: immensa montium juga, Plin. [[Pan]]. 81, 1: Caucasum, Curt. 7, 3, 22: hoc jugum, Verg. A. 6, 676: fossas, id. ib. 9, 314: summi fastigia tecti Ascensu, id. ib. 2, 303; cf.: caprae [[gravido]] superant vix ubere [[limen]], id. G. 3, 317: [[retia]] saltu ([[vulpes]]), Ov. M. 7, 767: [[tantum]] itineris, to [[traverse]], [[pass]] [[over]], Tac. Agr. 33: regionem castrorum, to go [[past]] or [[beyond]], Caes. B. C. 1, 69; cf. Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 43: insidias [[circa]] ipsum [[iter]] locatas, Liv. 2, 50, 6: collocatur in eo [[turris]] tabulatorum quae superaret fontis [[fastigium]], [[but]] so as to [[overtop]], [[command]], Hirt. B. G. 8, 41: superat ([[Parnassus]]) cacumine [[nubes]], Ov. M. 1, 317.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In partic.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> Naut. t. t., to [[sail]] by or [[past]] a [[place]], a [[promontory]], etc.; to [[double]] or [[weather]] a [[point]], etc.; promontorium, Lucil. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 1, 244; Auct. B. Afr. 62, 3; Liv. 26, 26, 1; 30, 25, 6; 31, 23, 3; Tac. A. 15, 46 et saep.: Euboeam, Nep. Them. 3, 3: cursu Isthmon, Ov. Tr. 1, 11, 5: intima Regna Liburnorum et fontem Timavi, Verg. A. 1, 244 Serv.— Poet., transf.: musarum scopulos, Enn. ap. Cic. Brut. 19, 76 (Ann. v. 223 Vahl.).—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> To [[rise]] [[above]], [[exceed]] in [[height]]: ut [[alibi]] umbilico [[tenus]] [[aqua]] esset, [[alibi]] genua vix superaret, Liv. 36, 45, 9; cf.: [[posterior]] partes superat [[mensura]] priores, i. e. exceeds in [[size]], Ov. M. 15, 378.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Trop., to [[surpass]], [[excel]], [[exceed]], [[outdo]], [[outstrip]] in [[any]] [[quality]], in [[value]], etc.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In gen.: non potest [[quaestus]] consistere, si eum [[sumptus]] superat, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 74: ne [[sumptus]] fructum superet, Varr. R. R. 1, 53: qui omnes homines [[supero]] [[atque]] [[antideo]] cruciabilitatibus animi, Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 3: virtute, laude, dignitate, Cic. Planc. 2, 6 sq.: aut ingenio aut fortunā aut dignitate superari, id. Lael. 3, 11: omnes homines constantiā et [[gravitate]], id. Fam. 1, 9, 16: doctrinā [[Graecia]] nos et omni litterarum genere superabat, id. Tusc. 1, 1, 3: auctoritatis pondere et utilitatis ubertate, id. de Or. 1, 44, 195; Hirt. B. G. 8, prooem. § 4: aliquem nobilitate, Ov. P. 3, 2, 56: Phoebum superare canendo, Verg. E. 5, 9: omnes scelere, Liv. 29, 8: aliquem dignitate vitae, Nep. Alcib. 11, 2: aliquem ingenio, id. [[Dion]], 4, 1: duritiā [[ferrum]], Ov. H. 2, 137: vel cursu superare canem vel viribus aprum, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 51: omnes in ceteris artibus, Nep. Epam. 2, 2: summam spem civium incredibili virtute, Cic. Lael. 3, 11: non dubitabam, [[quin]] hanc epistulam multi nuntii, [[fama]] [[denique]] esset ipsa tua celeritate superatura, [[will]] [[outstrip]], id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In partic., in milit. lang., to [[overcome]], [[subdue]], [[conquer]], [[vanquish]] (syn. [[debello]]): victis hostibus, quos [[nemo]] posse superari ratu'st, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 24: armatos ac victores, Caes. B. G. 1, 40: maximas nationes, id. ib. 3, 28; 2, 24: quos integros superavissent, id. B. C. 2, 5: [[bello]] superatos esse Arvernos et Rutenos a Q. Fabio Maximo, id. B. G. 1, 45: si Helvetios superaverint Romani, id. ib. 1, 17: Massilienses bis [[proelio]] navali superati, id. B. C. 2, 22: [[clam]] ferro incautum superat, Verg. A. 1, 350: [[bello]] superatus, Ov. M. 12, 364: Asiam [[bello]], Nep. Ages. 4, 3: tota [[insula]] in unā urbe superata est, Flor. 2, 6.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> Transf., in gen.: quem (C. [[Curium]]) [[nemo]] ferro potuit superare nec [[auro]], Enn. ap. Cic. Rep. 3, 3, 6 (Ann. v. 220 Vahl.): in quo (genere officii) [[etiam]] si multi [[mecum]] contendent, omnes [[facile]] superabo, Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 4: si erum videt superare amorem, Plaut. Aul. 4, 1, 7: hanc (orationem) assidua ac [[diligens]] [[scriptura]] superabit, Cic. de Or. 1, 33, 150: si meam spem vis improborum fefellerit [[atque]] superaverit, id. Cat. 4, 11, 23: injurias fortunae [[facile]] veterum philosophorum praeceptis superabat, id. Fin. 4, 7, 17: pareatur necessitati, [[quam]] ne dii [[quidem]] superant, [[which]] [[even]] the gods are not [[above]], not [[superior]] to, Liv. 9, 4, 16: [[casus]] omnes, Verg. A. 11, 244: superanda [[omnis]] [[fortuna]] ferendo est, id. ib. 5, 710: labores, id. ib. 3, 368: difficultates omnes, Vell. 2, 120, 4: cum incedendi nimietate jam superarer, Amm. 19, 8, 6.—Hence, sŭpĕrans, antis, P. a. *<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> Rising [[high]], [[prominent]], [[high]], [[lofty]]: [[mons]] superantissimus, Sol. 2 med.—*<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Prevailing, [[predominant]]: superantior [[ignis]], Lucr. 5, 394.

{{Georges

|georg=supero, āvi, ātum, āre ([[super]]), I) intr. [[oben]] [[sein]]; dah. 1) [[hervorragen]], [[hervorkommen]], a) eig.: [[commodum]] [[radiosus]] [[ipse]] (al. [[sese]]) superabat ex mari, Plaut.: superant capite et cervicibus altis, Verg. – b) übtr.: α) [[als]] milit. t.t. die [[Oberhand]] [[haben]], [[Sieger]] [[sein]] od. [[bleiben]], [[obsiegen]], virtute [[facile]], Caes.: equitatu, Nep.: per [[biduum]] equestri [[proelio]], Caes.: navibus, Auct. b. Alex.: [[non]] [[minus]] consilio [[quam]] gladio, Caes.: cum aliis partibus [[multitudo]] superaret Latinorum, die L. [[durch]] [[ihr]] [[Übergewicht]] siegten, Liv. – β) in anderen Beziehungen übtr., die [[Oberhand]] [[haben]], [[obsiegen]] superat [[sententia]] [[Sabini]], Caes.: superavit [[morbus]], Plin. ep.: [[tantum]] superantibus [[malis]], [[überwiegend]] waren, Liv.: [[totidem]] formā superante iuvencae, [[von]] überwiegender (unvergleichlicher) [[Schönheit]], Verg. – γ) der [[Zahl]] [[nach]] [[überlegen]] [[sein]], superante multitudine, Liv.: u. cum aliis partibus [[multitudo]] superaret Romanorum, Liv. – 2) [[übrig]] [[sein]], d.i. a) [[überflüssig]]-, [[sehr]] [[häufig]] [[dasein]], [[reichlich]] vorhanden [[sein]], partem superare mendosum est, Cic.: de eo, [[quod]] ipsis superat, Cic.: [[divitiae]] superant, Sall.: cum [[otium]] superat, Liv. – b) [[übrig]] [[sein]], [[übrig]] [[bleiben]], [[noch]] vorhanden [[sein]], [[quid]] superat? Hor.: si [[quod]] superaret pecuniae rettulisses, Cic.: [[quae]] Iugurthae superaverant, Sall.: [[quae]] humana superant, Sall. fr.: [[nihil]] ex raptis superabat, Liv.: [[aliquot]] horis die superante, Liv. – [[bes]]. ([[mit]] u. poet. [[ohne]] vitā) = am [[Leben]] [[bleiben]] od. [[sein]], [[uter]] eonim vitā superavit, Caes.: superet coniunxne Crëusa? Verg.: superatne? et vescitur aurā? Verg.: m. Dat., [[überleben]], captae superavimus urbi, Verg. Aen. 2, 643. – c) [[zuviel]] [[sein]], [[quae]] Iugurthae fesso [[aut]] maioribus astricto superaverant, die (auszuführen) dem Jug. [[zuviel]] [[gewesen]] waren, Sall. Iug. 70, 2. – d) [[überwallen]], [[victor]] [[superans]] animis, [[mit]] überwallendem Mute, Verg. Aen. 5, 473. – II) tr.: 1) [[über]] etw. [[kommen]], -[[gehen]], -[[fahren]], -[[schwimmen]], etw. [[überschreiten]], [[übersteigen]], [[summas]] ripas fluminis, vom [[Regenwasser]], Caes.: [[Alpes]], Liv.: montes, iuga, fossas, Verg.: regionem, Cic.: [[retia]] saltu, [[überspringen]], Ov.: alqd ascensu, [[ersteigen]], Verg. – dah. übtr.: a) [[übersteigen]], [[überragen]], [[turris]] superat fontis [[fastigium]], Caes.: superant cacumina [[nubes]], Ov.: alqd mensurā, Ov. – b) [[übersteigen]] = [[übertreffen]], ne [[sumptus]] fructum superet, [[Varro]] r.r. 1, 53. – 2) [[vor]] [[etwas]] [[vorbeikommen]], a) eig.: [[promunturium]], Liv.: Euboeam, Nep.: insidias, Liv.: Musarum scopulos, Enn. fr. – b) übtr.: α) v. [[Tönen]], [[über]] etw. hinausdringen, [[clamor]] superat [[inde]] [[castra]] hostium, Liv. 3, 28, 3. – β) [[etwas]] [[übertreffen]], omnes in re, Cic.: alqm doctrinā, Cic.: omnes scelere, Liv.: ut (Piraei [[portus]]) ipsam urbem dignitate ae quiperaret, utilitate superaret, Nep. – γ) [[zuvorkommen]], [[etsi]] [[non]] dubitabam, [[quin]] hanc epistulam [[multi]] nuntii, [[fama]] [[denique]] esset ipsa suā celeritate superatura, Cic. ad Q. fr. 1, 1 in. – δ) [[überwinden]], [[überwältigen]], αα) jmd. im Kampfe = [[besiegen]], hostes, Plaut. u. Hirt. b.G.: alcis ductu hostes, Caes.: Mysios, Sall.: Mithridatem, Cic.: [[exercitus]] validissimos, Eutr.: [[clam]] ferro incautum, Verg.: [[bello]] Arvernos et Rutenos, Caes.: Asiam [[bello]], Nep.: hostes [[proelio]], Caes.: eas omnes copias a se [[uno]] [[proelio]] pulsas ac superatas [[esse]], Caes.: Persas acie e [[suis]] [[esse]] superatos, Curt.: superati virtute illius, Curt. ββ) – [[überwinden]], [[überwältigen]], [[über]] etw. [[obsiegen]], die [[Oberhand]] [[behalten]], alqm dolis, Plaut.: alqm donis, [[besänftigen]], Verg.: [[morbus]] [[haud]] [[saepe]] quemquam superat, Sall.: quorum fletu et desperatione [[superatus]] (erweicht), Eutr. – lebl. Objj., [[bes]]. Zustände, [[casus]] omnes, Verg.: [[haec]] [[omnia]] (näml. [[Kälte]], Stürme usw.), Caes.: vim tempestatis labore et perseverantiā, Caes.: si [[vera]] et honesta [[flagitium]] superaverit, Sall. fr.: falsa [[vita]] moresque mei superant, [[widerlegen]] [[schlagend]], Sall.: iniurias fortunae [[facile]] veterum philosophorum praeceptis, Cic.

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