κεφαλή: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: [[head]], also metaph. <b class="b2">the uppermost, most extreme, source etc.</b> (Il.).<br />Compounds: several compp., e. g. <b class="b3">κεφαλ-αλγ-ία</b> [[headache]] (Hp.), through dissimilation <b class="b3">-αργία</b> (Luc.); <b class="b3">βου-κέφαλος</b> [[with cow-head]] (Ar.); also as plant-name (Strömberg Pflanzennamen 54); as PN <b class="b3">Βου-κεφάλας</b> m. the personal horse of [[Alexander the Great]] (Str., Plu.; on the formation Schwyzer 451).<br />Derivatives: Diminut. [[κεφάλιον]] (Att. inscr.), <b class="b3">-ίδιον</b> (Poll., pap.), [[κεφαλίς]] f. <b class="b2">bulb of an onion, toe-cap of a shoe, capital of a column etc.</b> (Arist.), <b class="b3">κεφαλὶς βιβλίου</b> [[book-roll]] (LXX); - [[κεφάλαιον]] n. [[the main thing]], [[-point]], [[-sum]], [[capital]] (Pi., att.; rarely adj. [[κεφάλαιος]] [Ar. Ra. 854, PMasp. 151, 16, VIp]) with [[κεφαλαιώδης]], adv. <b class="b3">-ωδῶς</b> [[regarding the main point]] (Hp., Arist., hell.) and the denominative [[κεφαλαιόω]] <b class="b2">(summarize the main points) </b> (Att.), from where [[κεφαλαίωμα]] [[total sum]] (Hdt. 3, 159), <b class="b3">-αίωσις</b> [[summary]] (Sch.), <b class="b3">-αιωτής</b> = lat. [[capitularius]] with <b class="b3">-τία</b> (pap. Rom. Emp.); - [[κεφαλαία]] f. [[chronic headache]] (medic.); - [[κεφαλώδης]] [[head-like]] (Thphr.), [[κεφαλικός]] [[belonging to the head]], [[to life]], [[capitalis]] (pap., Dsc.); - <b class="b3">κεφαλίτης λίθος</b> [[corner-stone]] (H.), <b class="b3">κεφαλίτης γλήχων</b> prob. [[Mentha aquatica]] (Hippiatr.; Redard Les noms grecs en <b class="b3">-της</b> 73); [[κεφαλίνη]] [[root of the tongue]] (Poll.); [[κεφαλῖνος]] fishname = [[βλεψίας]] (Dorio ap. Ath.; Strömberg Fischnamen 41), also [[κέφαλος]] [[Mugil cephalus]] (Hp., Com., Arist.; extens. Thompson Fishes s. v.; diff. Pisani Ist. Lomb. 75: 2, 54f. [: to Skt. [[śaphara-]], Lith. [[šãpalas]] [[Cyprinus]]]); - [[κεφάλωμα]] [[sum]] (Messen., Delph.; after [[ἀνάλωμα]], Bechtel Dial. 2, 156; cf. also [[κεφαλαίωμα]] above); [[κεφαλωτός]] [[with a head]] (Arist., hell.), as plant-name [[Thymian]] (Ps.-Dsc.; Strömberg Pflanzennamen 50), <b class="b3">-ωτόν</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[πράσον]]) [[onion]] (pap.); - [[κεφαληδόν]] [[per head]] (Priene IVa). - Denomin. <b class="b3">κ]εφαλίζω</b> [[behead]] (BGU 1, 341, 9); in other meaning [[κεφαλισμός]] [[table of multiplication]] (Arist.); [[κεφαλόω]] in [[κεκεφαλωμένος]] [[provided with a head]] (Arist.-comm.); [[κεφαλιόω]] in [[ἐκεφαλίωσαν]] (Ev. Mark. 12, 4), meaning unclear [[beat the head]] or [[behead]]?, s. Bauer Gr.-dt. Wb. s. v. (wrong Pernot Neophilol. 26, 310ff.). - Further the hypostases <b class="b3">προσ-</b> (Dor. <b class="b3">ποτι-</b>), <b class="b3">ὑπο-κεφάλαιον</b> <b class="b2">(head)cushion</b> (IA.; cf. Schwyzer-Debrunner 517), [[ἀποκεφαλίζω]] [[behead]] (LXX, Phld.) with <b class="b3">-ισμός</b>, [[ισμα]], <b class="b3">-ιστής</b>.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [423] <b class="b2">*gʰebʰel-</b> [[head]]<br />Etymology: Old word for [[head]], found also in Tocharian and Germanic: Toch. A [[śpāl]] [[head]] (final unclear), OHG [[gebal]] m., MHG. [[gebel]] [[skull]], OHG [[gibilla]] f. <b class="b2">id.</b> (Germ. <b class="b2">i̯ō-</b>deriv); besides in the sense of [[front]] OHG [[gibil]] m., Goth. [[gibla]] m. ([[n-]]stem) and, with ablaut, ONo. [[gafl]] m. [[side of a facade]]; IE. <b class="b2">*ghebh(e)l-</b>, which looks like an [[l-]]stem; but a corresponding basis has nowhere been found. - Here also <b class="b3">γαβαλάν ἐγκέφαλον η κεφαλήν</b> H. and Maced. (Illyr.?) <b class="b3">κεβ(α)λή</b>; s. [[κεβλη]]. The Greek <b class="b3">-α</b> is difficult. S. Benveniste, Word 10 (1954) 255f.