κέλλω: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">drive (on) (tr. a. intr.), move, put (a ship) to shore, land</b>,<br />Other forms: (gramm.), aor. [[κέλσαι]] (Od.; on the phonetics Schwyzer 285), fut. [[κέλσω]] (A., E.), [[κελῶ]] (H.)<br />Compounds: also with prefix, esp. <b class="b3">ὀ-κέλλω</b>, aor. [[ὀκεῖλαι]] (IA.), rarely <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐγ-</b>, <b class="b3">εἰσ-</b>, <b class="b3">συγ-κέλσαι</b> (ep., also Hp., Ar.), <b class="b3">ἐπ-έκειλα</b> Act. Ap. 27, 41.<br />Derivatives: Beside it [[κέλομαι]] (Il., Dor.), aor. (<b class="b3">ἐ)κέκλετο</b> (Il.) with new present [[κέκλομαι]] (A. R.), (<b class="b3">ἐ)κελήσατο</b> (Pi., Epich., Epid.), fut. [[κελήσομαι]] (κ 296), rarely with <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">παρα-</b>, [[drive on]], [[exhort]], [[call]]. Further athematic [[κέντο]] (Alcm. 141) < <b class="b3">*κέλτο</b> (on the phonetics Schwyzer 213, on the formation ibd. 678f.). - Derivv. [[κέλης]], [[κελεύω]], [[κλόνος]], s. vv.<br />Origin: (<b class="b3">ὀ)κέλλω</b> PGX. [[κέλομαι]] IEX [548] <b class="b2">*kel-</b> [[drive on]]<br />Etymology: [[κέλλω]] (yot-present) and [[κέλομαι]], which are semantically close, exist unmixed side by side. That they are cognate is mostly not doubted, though for [[κέλομαι]] the meaning [[call to]] reminds of [[καλεῖν]] (thus Fraenkel Mélanges Boisacq 1, 367f., Specht KZ 59, 86ff.); but this meaning could have developed from <b class="b2">drive on, invite, summon. request</b> secondarily. - The other languages have no forms that agree closely with the Greek ones. Semantically closest is the secondary present Skt. [[kalayati]] (<b class="b2">kāl-</b>) [[drives]]. Note also the root aorist Toch. A <b class="b2">śäl</b>, B <b class="b2">śala</b> [[he brought]], pl. [[kalar]], <b class="b2">śälāre</b> (Pedersen Tocharisch 183ff.), with a <b class="b2">nā-</b> present <b class="b2">källāṣ</b>, <b class="b2">källāṣṣäṃ</b>; neither meaning nor form however is clear. The same holds for Alb. [[qil]] [[bring]], [[carry]] and for Germ., e. g. Goth [[haldan]] [[βόσκειν]], [[ποιμαίνειν]], NHG [[halten]]. A nominal formation one might compare is Lat. [[celer]] [[quick]]; (quite uncertain however is Lat. [[celeber]] [[populous]], [[abounding in]]. - Inspite of the differences in meaning one usually assumes that they have the same root (DELG). Connections with other languages are few and rather doubtful. Further there is the problem of <b class="b3">ὀ-</b>, which is assumed in [[ὄζος]] etc. The meaning of (<b class="b3">ὀ)κέλλω</b> [[run a ship aground]], the usual way of landing (except in a harbour) is so concrete that I would assume a separate verb, but I see no further indications that the verb is Pre-Greek; perhaps the <b class="b3">ὀ-</b> is Pre-Greek.