στόμα: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[mouth]], [[muzzle]], [[front]], [[peak]], [[edge]] (Il.).<br />Other forms: Aeol. [[στύμα]] (Theoc.), <b class="b3">-ατος</b>.<br />Dialectal forms: Myc. [[Tomako]], [[Tumako]] /[[στόμαργος]]/ (Mühlestein Studi Micenei 2 (1967), 43ff. w. lit.; Killen, Minos 27-8, 1992-1993 [95],101-7<br />Compounds: Many compp., almost all from the shorter stem (cf. below), e.g. <b class="b3">στόμ-αργος</b> [[chattering]], [[high-sounding]] (trag.), to [[ἀργός]] (Willis AmJPh 63, 87 ff.: [[shining]] > [[bright]] > [[loud]]?), if not after <b class="b3">γλώσσ-αργος</b>, which could stand for <b class="b3">γλώσσ-αλγος</b> (s. on [[γλῶσσα]] w. lit.); Blanc RPh. 65, 1991, 59-66 analyses the word as [[στόμα]] + [[μάργος]] [[furious]], also BAGB 1996/1, 8-9; cf. also <b class="b3">Πόδ-αργος</b> (s. [[πούς]]); on <b class="b3">στομα-κάκη</b> s. [[κακός]]; <b class="b3">εὔ-στομος</b> [[with a beautiful mouth]], [[speaking nicely]], also = [[silent]] (Hdt., X. etc.); beside it, quite rarely, <b class="b3">στοματ-ουργός</b> [[working with ones mouth]], [[grandiloquent]] (Ar.). <b class="b3">κακο-στόματος</b> (AP) for <b class="b3">κακό-στομος</b> (E. a.o.).<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">στόμ-ιον</b> n. [[mouth]], [[opening]], [[denture]], [[bit]], [[bridle]] (IA.), rarely [[mouth]] (Nic.), with <b class="b3">-ίς</b> f. [[halter]] (Poll.); <b class="b3">ἐπι-στομ-ίζω</b> [[to put in a bit]] (Att.), also [[to shut up ones mouth]] (late). 2. <b class="b3">στόμ-ις</b> m. [[hard-mouthed horse]] (A. Fr. 442 = 649 M.; cf. Schwyzer 462 n. 3), also <b class="b3">-ίας</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Afric., Suid.). 3. <b class="b3">-ώδης</b> [[speaking nicely]] (S.), [[savoury]] (Sor.). 4. <b class="b3">-ίζομαι</b> [[to take in the mouth]] (Aq.), w. prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">ἀπο-στομίζω</b> [[to remove the edge]] (Philostr.). 5. <b class="b3">-όω</b> (<b class="b3">ἀνα-</b> στόμα a.o.) [[to stop the mouth]], [[to provide with an opening]], [[edge]], [[to harden]] (IA.) with <b class="b3">-ωμα</b> n. [[mouth]] (A.), [[hardening]], [[which is hardened]], [[steel]] (Cratin., Arist., hell. a. late), <b class="b3">-ωμάτιον</b> (Gloss.), <b class="b3">-ωσις</b> f. [[hardening]] (S., hell a. late), <b class="b3">-ωτής</b> = [[indurator]] (gloss.). -- Besides <b class="b3">στομάτ-ιον</b> n. dimin. (Sor.), <b class="b3">-ικός</b> [[belonging to the mouth]] (medic. a.o.), <b class="b3">ἀπο-στοματ-ίζω</b> <b class="b2">to repeat, to interrogate etc.</b> (Pl., Arist. etc.). -- On [[στόμαχος]], [[στωμύλος]] s. vv.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1035] <b class="b2">*steh₃men-</b> [[mouth]]<br />Etymology: The etymol. unclear [[στόμα]] has secondarily joined the verbal nouns in <b class="b3">-μα</b> (Schwyzer 524 w. n. 5), with which the strong predilection for the short form <b class="b3">στομ-</b> in compp. and derivv. may be connected (cf. Georgacas Glotta 36, 163). But the [[n-]]stem is old and is found not only in Av. [[staman-]] m. <b class="b2">mouth (of a dog)</b> but also in Celtic, e.g. Welsh [[safn]] [[jaw-bone]]. So we must reconstruct <b class="b2">*steh₃m-</b>, which was in Greek replaced by the zero grade (<b class="b2">*sth₃m-</b>); on the short a of Avestan see Lubotsky Kratylos 42(1997) 56f. -- Far remain however the Germ. words for [[voice]], Goth. [[stibna]], OHG [[stimna]], [[stimma]] etc. and the Hitt. word for [[ear]], [[ištam-ana-]], [[-ina-]], prob. denominativ from [[ištamašzi]] [[hear]] (Frisk GHÅ 57, 19ff. = Kl. Schr. 79ff. w. lit.; diff. Kronasser Etymologie II 399).