ἱερός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=(v. sub fin.), ἱερά, ἱερόν, also [[ἱερός]], ἱερόν in the phrase<br><span class="bld">A</span> ἱερὸς [[ἀκτή]] Hes. Op.597, 805, Orac. ap. Hdt.8.77: Ion. and ''poet.'' [[ἱρός]], ή, όν (v. sub fin.): Dor. and N. Greek [[ἱαρός]] IG22.1126.20, etc.: Aeol. [[ἶρος]] Sapph.Supp.23.25, Alc.Supp.8.4, but [[ἴαρος]] (corr. from [[ἴερος]]) Sapph. Supp.20a.6: Sup. [[ἱερώτατος]] Ar.Eq.582 (lyr.), Pl.Lg.755e.<br><span class="bld">I</span> [[fill]]ed with or [[manifest]]ing [[divine]] [[power]], [[supernatural]], ἱ. ἲς Τηλεμάχοιο Od.2.409, al.; ἱ. [[μένος]] Ἀλκινόοιο 8.421, etc.; [[ἄλφιτον]], [[ἀλωαί]], Il.11.631, 5.499; Δημήτερος [[ἱερὸς ἀκτή]] Hes.Op.Il.c.; of natural objects or phenomena, rivers, Od.10.351, Il.11.726, E.Med.410 (lyr.); [[λιβάς]], of the [[Spercheus]], S.Ph.1215 (lyr.); ἱεραὶ βῆσσαι [[Κίρκη]]ς '[[faery]]', Od.10.275; ἱερὸν [[ἦμαρ]], [[κνέφας]], Il.8.66, 11.194; φάος Hes.Op. 339; ἱερὸς [[δίφρος]] = (where δ. perhaps= [[ἵπποι]]) Il.17.464; after Hom., ἱερὸν [[χεῦμα]] θαλάσσης A.Fr.192 (anap.); ἱερὸν [[κῦμα]] E.Hipp.1206, cf. Cyc. 265; [[ὄμβρος]] S.OT1428; δρόσοι E.Ion117 (lyr.); [[ὕπνος]], of [[death]], Call.Epigr.11; [[ἔστι μὲν οὐδὲν ἱερόν]] = no [[great]] [[matter]], Theoc.5.22.<br><span class="bld">II</span> of [[divine]] things, [[holy]], ἱεροῖς ἐν δώμασι Κίρκης Od.10.426; ἱερὸν γένος ἀθανάτων Hes.Th.21; [[λέχος]], of [[Zeus]], ib.57; [[δόσις]] the gift [[of God]], ib. 93; ἱερὸς [[πόλεμος]] = [[holy]] [[war]], '[[crusade]]', Ar.Av.556, etc.<br><span class="bld">2</span> of earthly things, [[hallowed]], [[consecrated]], βωμοί Il.2.305; ἱερὸς [[δόμος]], of the [[temple]] of [[Athena]], 6.89; ἱερὰ ἑκατόμβη 1.99,431, etc.; [[ἐλαίη]] Od.13.372; χοαί S.OC469, etc.; [[ἱρὰ γράμματα]] = [[hieroglyphics]], Hdt.2.36; but [[ἱερὰ γράμματα]] of the [[Holy Scriptures]], 2 Ep.Tim.3.15; ἱ. βύβλοι OGI56.70 (Canopus, iii B.C.); ἱερὸν [[ἄγαλμα]], [[τρίπους]], S.OT1379, E.Ion512, etc.; χρήματα Pl.R.568d, etc.; ἱ. τὸ σῶμα τῷ θεῷ δίδωμ' ἔχειν E.Ion 1285; ἱ. [[σώμα]]τα, of [[ἱερόδουλος|ἱερόδουλοι]], Str.6.2.6; χῆνες Plu.2.325c; of animals regarded as '[[taboo]]', [κριοί] εἰσί σφι ἱ. διὰ τοῦτο Hdt.2.42; so perhaps ἱερὸς [[ἰχθύς]] Il.16.407; of the Roman Tribunes,= Lat. [[sacrosanctus]], ἱερὸς καὶ [[ἄσυλος]] Plu.TG15, etc.; of [[Augustus]], Mon.Anc.Gr. 5.17; [[ἱερὸς νόμος]] = [[law]] of [[sacrifice]], D.21.35, cf. SIG685.81 (ii B.C.); ἱερὸς [[λόγος]] = [[legend]], Hdt.2.81, etc.; οἱ παλαιοὶ καὶ ἱ. λόγοι Pl.Ep.335a; ἱερὸς [[γάμος]] = [[mystical]] [[marriage]], a [[religious]] [[ceremony]], Men.320, Phot. s.v.; opp. [[βέβηλος]], as [[sacred]] to [[profane]], D.H.7.8, AB223; but more freq. [[ἱερὸς καὶ ὅσιος]] Th.2.52, X.Vect.5.4, etc.; cf. [[ὅσιος]].<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[under divine protection]], freq. of places, Ἴλιος Il.5.648, Alc.Supp.8.4; Πύλος Od. 21.108; Θήβη Sapph.Supp.20a.6; Τροίης ἱερὸν [[πτολίεθρον]], Τροίης ἱερὰ [[κρήδεμνον|κρήδεμνα]], Od.1.2, Il.16.100; Ἀθῆναι Od.11.323, cf. Pi.Fr.75, S. Aj.1221 (lyr.), Ps.-Orac. ap. Ar.Eq.1037; Σούνιον ἱρόν Od.3.278; ἱερὸς [[κύκλος]] = the [[judge]]'s [[seat]] under the [[protection]] of [[Zeus]], Il.18.504: with [[genitive]] of the [[divinity]], [[ἄλσος ἱρὸν Ἀθηναίης]], [[ἄντρον]] ἱρὸν νυμφάων, Od.6.322, 13.104, cf. Hdt.1.80,2.41, Ar.Pl.937, X.An.5.3.13, etc.; [[γῆ]] καὶ [[ἑστία]] ἱερὰ πᾶσι πάντων θεῶν Pl.Lg.955e; [[χωρίον]] ὡς ἱερώτατον ib.755e, cf. Ti.45a; with [[genitive]] of a [[human]] [[being]], Γναθίου . . ἱ. εἰμι IG12.920.<br><span class="bld">b</span> of persons, φυλάκων ἱ. τέλος Il.10.56; ἱ. πυλαωροί 24.681; στρατός Od.24.81; βασιλέες Pi.P.5.97; ἱ. [[εὐσεβής]] [[τε]], of [[Oedipus]], S.OC287; [[ἅνθρωπος]] ἱερός = [[initiated]], Ar.Ra.652; c. gen. of a [[divinity]], [[devoted]], [[dedicated]], E.Alc.75, Pl.Phd.85b.<br><span class="bld">c</span> under the Roman Empire,= [[sacer]], [[imperial]], ἐκ τῶν ἱερῶν τοῦ Καίσαρος γραμμάτων IGRom.4.571 (Aezani, ii A.D.); ὁ [[ἱερώτατος]] [[φίσκος]], τὸ [[ἱερώτατον]] [[ταμιεῖον]], ib.3.727 (Lycia), SIG888.10 (Scaptopara, iii A.D.), etc.; τὸ [[ἱερώτατον]] [[βῆμα]] (of the [[praefectus Aegypti]]), PHamb.4.8 (i A.D.): generally, [[worshipful]], ἱ. [[σύνοδος]] OGI713.9 (Egypt, iii A.D.), etc.<br><span class="bld">III</span> as [[substantive]],<br><span class="bld">1</span> ἱερά, Ion. [[ἱρά]], τά, [[offering]]s, [[victim]]s, ἱερὰ ῥέξας Il.1.147, etc.; ἔρδειν Hes.Op.336; διδόναι Od.16.184; ἀλλ' ὅ γε δέκτο μὲν ἱρά Il.2.420, cf. 23.207: less freq. in sg., ὄφρ' ἱρὸν ἑτοιμασσαίατ' Ἀθήνῃ 10.571; θῦσαι ἱρά Hdt.1.59, 8.54, etc.; θυσίας καὶ ἱρὰ ποιέειν Id.2.63; αἴθειν S. Ph.1033; ἱ. πατρῷα A.Th.1015; ἱ. ἐπιχώρια Democr.259.<br><span class="bld">b</span> after Hom., [[omen]]s [[afford]]ed by [[sacrifice]], τὰ ἱρὰ οὐ προεχώρεε χρηστά Hdt. 5.44; τὰ ἱερὰ καλὰ [ἦν] X.An.1.8.15; simply οὐκ ἐγίγνετο τὰ ἱ. ib. 2.2.3.<br><span class="bld">c</span> generally, [[sacred]] [[object]]s or [[rite]]s, Hdt.1.172,4.33; τῶν ὑμετέρων ἱ. καὶ κοινῶν μετεῖχον D.57.3; of [[cult]]-[[image]]s, IG Rom.3.800 ([[syllium]]).<br><span class="bld">2</span> after Hom., ἱερόν, Ion. [[ἱρόν]], τό, [[holy]] [[place]], Hdt.5.119,al.; opp. [[νηός]], Id.2.170, cf. Th.4.90,5.18; freq. of a [[temple]], ἔστι δὲ ἐν τῷ τεμένεϊ . . ἱρόν κτλ. Hdt.2.112; of the [[Jewish]] [[temple]], [[LXX]] 1 Ch.29.4, Plb.16.39.4, Str.16.2.34, Ev.Matt.24.1.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[ἱερὸν τῆς δίκης]] = a [[sacred]] [[principle]] of [[right]], E.Hel.1002.<br><span class="bld">4</span> ἱερός, ὁ (''[[sc.]]'' [[μήν]]), name of [[month]] at [[Delos]], IG12.377.22, 11(2).203A31 (iii B.C.).<br><span class="bld">5</span> [[ἱεροί]], οἱ, [[member]]s of a [[religious]] [[college]] or [[guild]], ib.5(1).1390.1, al. (Andania, i B.C.), prob. in SIG1010.7 ([[Chalcedon]]), etc.; also of women, ἱεραί, αἱ, IG5(1). [[l.c.]], cf. 1511 (Sparta).<br><span class="bld">b</span> = [[ἱερόδουλος]], ib. 1356 (Messenia, V B.C.), Inscr.Perg.572, GDI5702.39 (Samos).<br><span class="bld">IV</span> special phrases, post-Hom.,<br><span class="bld">1</span> [[proverb|prov.]], [[ἱερὰ ἄγκυρα]] = [[one's last hope]], Plu. 2.815d, Luc.JTr.51, Fug.13, Poll.1.93, Gal.11.182.<br><span class="bld">2</span> ἱερὸς [[βόλος]], name of a [[throw]] at [[dice]], Eub.57.1.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[ἱερὰ βοτάνη]], v. [[βοτάνη]].<br><span class="bld">4</span> ἱ. (''[[sc.]]'' [[γραμμή]]) (cf. [[γραμμή]] III.1), [[last line]] of [[draught-board]], κινήσαις τὸν ἀπ' ἴρας . . λίθον Alc.82, cf. Epich.225, Sophr.127; [[τὴν ἀφ' ἱερᾶς]] ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] τὴν ἱεράν) Plu.Cor.32.<br><span class="bld">5</span> ἱερὸς [[ἰχθύς]] = [[ἀνθίας]], Arist.HA 620b35, cf. Ath.7.282e, Plu.2.981d.<br><span class="bld">6</span> ἱερὸς [[λόχος]], v. [[λόχος]].<br><span class="bld">7</span> [[ἱερά]] (''[[sc.]]'' [[νίκη]]), ἡ, [[drawn contest]], [[dead heat]] (because the prize was assigned to the god), SIG1073.48 (Olymp.); [[ποιῆσαι]] ἱεράν, of the [[competitor]], Wood [[Ephesus]], [[App]].vi p.70; so ἱερὰ [[ἄθλημα|ἀθλήματα]] Inscr.Olymp.56; ἱερὸς ὁ [[στέφανος]] ἐκρίθη IG9(2).525 (Larissa); τὸ [[παγκράτιον]] ἱερὸν ἐγένετο ib.527 (ibid.); [[ἱερός]] (''[[sc.]]'' [[ἀγών]]) ib.7.2727.19, 24 (Acraeph.): metaph., [[ἱερὸν ποιῆσαι τὸν στέφανον]] = '[[divide]] the [[honour]]s', Plb.1.58.5, 29.8.9.<br><span class="bld">8</span> ἱερὰ [[νόσος]] = [[epilepsy]], Hdt.3.33, Hp.Morb. Sacr.tit., Thphr.HP9.11.3, etc., cf. Call.Aet.3.1.14: metaph., τὴν οἴησιν ἱ. νόσον ἔλεγε Heraclit.46 ( = Epicur.Fr.224).<br><span class="bld">9</span> ἡ [[ἱερὰ ὁδός]] = the [[sacred]] [[road]] to [[Delphi]], Hdt.6.34; also, from [[Athens]] to [[Eleusis]], Cratin. 61, Paus.1.36.3, Harp. s.v.; and that from Elis to Olympia, Paus. 5.25.7.<br><span class="bld">10</span> ἱερὸν [[ὀστέον]] = [[os sacrum]], the last bone of the [[spine]], Hp. Art.45, Plu.2.981d, Gal.UP5.8, etc.<br><span class="bld">11</span> ἱερὰ [[συμβουλή]] = [[sacred duty of an adviser]], Pl.Ep.321c, X.An.5.6.4, cf. Pl.Thg.122b, Luc.Rh.Pr. 1.<br><span class="bld">12</span> ἱερὰ [[σῦριγξ]] = [[spinal canal]], Poll.2.180.<br><span class="bld">13</span> ἱερὰ [[τριήρης]], of the [[Delian]] [[ship]], or one of the [[state]]-[[ship]]s (Salaminia or Paralos), D.4.34.<br><span class="bld">14</span> freq. in [[geographical]] names, e.g. ἱερὰ [[ἄκρα]], in [[Lycia]], Str. 14.3.8; ἱερὸν [[ἀκρωτήριον]], in [[Spain]], [[Cape St. Vincent]], Id.2.4.3; ἱερὰ [[κώμη]], in [[Lydia]], Plb.16.1.8; ἱερὰ [[νῆσος]], one of the [[Liparus|Liparean]] group, Th.3.88; one of the [[insulae Aegates]], Plb.1.60.3.<br><span class="bld">V</span> Adv. [[ἱερῶς]] = [[holily]], [[ἀποθανεῖν]] [[varia lectio|v.l.]] in Plu.Lyc.27. [ῐ by nature, but sometimes ῑ in Ep., especially in endings of [[hexameter]]s, ἱερὸς [[ἰχθύς]], ἱ. [[ἦμαρ]], ἱερὰ [[ῥέξας]], ἀλφίτου ἱεροῦ ἀκτή, Il.16.407, 8.66, 1.147, 11.631; ῑερόν in the first foot of a hex., Theoc.5.22; also in compds. [[ἱεραγωγός]], [[ἱεροθαλλής]], [[ἱερόφωνος]]: ῑ always in contr. form [[ἱρός]] wh. is used in Ep., Hdt., and some Ion. inscrr., as IG12(8).265.9 (Thasos), cf. Semon.7.56, Herod.4.79, al., but is rarely found in codd. of Hp. (never in Heraclit. or Democr.); also in Trag., A.Th.268, etc., but never required by metre in lyr. of Com.]