κάτω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Adv., ([[κατά]]):<br><span class="bld">I</span> with Verbs implying Motion, [[downwards]], ἐπισκύνιον κάτω ἕλκεται Il.17.136; κάτω ὁρόων Od.23.91; κατὰ τείχεος κάτω ῥίπτειν [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]8.53; κατώρυξέν με κατὰ τῆς γῆς κάτω Ar.''Pl.''238; χώρει κάτω [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''74; κάτω δάκρυ' εἰβομένη S.''Ant.''527 (anap.), cf. E.''Fr.''384; especially of the [[nether world]], A.''Pers.''839, S.''Ant.''197, etc.; κάτω [[βλέπειν]], κάτω [[φέρεσθαι]], Pl.''R.''500b, 584e; [[κάτω διεχώρει αὐτοῖς]] = [[they suffered from diarrhoea]], X.''An.''4.8.20, cf. Hp.''Epid.''5.20; [[φάρμακον πῖσαι κάτω]] = [[give]] a [[purgative]], Id.''Aff.''32, cf. 15; [[κάτω βοηθεῖν]] = [[go down to help]], D.32.5; for [[ἄνω καὶ κάτω]], [[ἄνω κάτω]], etc., v. [[ἄνω]] (B) A. 11.2.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[downwards]], in a chain of causes, ἐπὶ τὸ κάτω ἰέναι [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Metaphysics|Metaph.]]''994a19.<br><span class="bld">3</span> c. gen., [[down from]], πετρῶν ὦσαι κάτω E.''Cyc.''448.<br><span class="bld">II</span> with Verbs implying Rest (so more freq. in Prose), [[beneath]], [[below]], opp. [[ἄνω]], Hes.''Th.''301, etc.: ὁ [[τόπος]] ὁ κάτω [[καλούμενος]] [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedo|Phd.]]''112c.<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[in the world below]], [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''660, ''OC''1563 (lyr.), etc.; [[οἱ κάτω]] = [[the dead]], Id.''Aj.''865, ''Ant.''75, etc.; οἱ κάτω θεοί Id.''El.''292, cf. E.''Alc.''851.<br><span class="bld">c</span> geographically [[below]], [[southward]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]], v. [[ἄνω]] (B) A. 11.1e; also [[κάτω οἰκεῖν]] to [[dwell]] [[on the coast]], Th.1.7; [[οἱ κάτω]], opp. [[οἱ τὴν μεσόγειαν κατῳκημένοι]], ib.120; ἡ κάτω [[Γαλατία]] = [[lower]] [[Galatia]], Plu ''Aem.''9, etc.; βασιλεὺς τῶν τε ἄνω καὶ τῶν κάτω χωρῶν ''OGI''90.3 (Rosetta, ii B.C.).<br><span class="bld">d</span> in the race-course, [[τὰ κάτω]] = [[the starting-place]], opp. [[τὰ ἄνω]] (the [[goal]]), Pl.''R.''613b.<br><span class="bld">e</span> [[τὰ κάτω τῶν μελῶν]] = the [[lower]] [[limb]]s of the [[body]], Id.''Lg.''794d; ἡ κάτω [[κοιλία]], opp. ἡ [[ἄνω]], [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Meteorologica|Mete.]]''360b24.''PA''676a5; [[περὶ τὰ κάτω χωρεῖν]] = [[miscarry]], [[fail]], Luc. ''Ind.''1.<br><span class="bld">f</span> of [[time]], [[afterwards]], [[later]], Ael.''VH''5.13; οἱ κάτω χρόνοι Plu. ''Cor.''25; [[οἱ κάτω]], opp. [[οἱ πάλαι]], Luc.''Hipp.''1; [[τοῦ χρόνου κάτω]] = [[later in time]], Ael.''VH''3.17, ''NA''2.18; [[Δαρεῖος]] ὁ κάτω ib.6.48; cf. [[ἄνω]] (B) A.11.1i.<br><span class="bld">g</span> in Logic, [[τὰ κάτω]] = [[the lower members]] in a descending series of genera and species, Arist.''AP''0.97a31, ''Metaph.''992a18.<br><span class="bld">III</span> c. gen., [[under]], [[below]], [[κάτω χθονός]], [[κάτω γῆς]], A.''Eu.''1023, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''968, etc.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> Comp. [[κατωτέρω]] = [[lower]], [[downwards]], Ar.''Ra.''70, Alex.173.2: c. gen., [[lower than]], [[below]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]8.132.<br><span class="bld">2</span> Sup. [[κατωτάτω]] = [[at the lowest part]], τὰ κάτω Id.2.125 (but in signf. ''ΙΙ''.g, Phld.''Sign.''29).