μαλακός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=μαλακή, μαλακόν,<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[soft]]:<br><span class="bld">I</span> of things subject to [[touch]], [[εὐνή]] Il.9. 618; κώεα Od.3.38; [[τάπης]] μαλακοῦ ἐρίοιο 4.124; [[χιτών]] Il.2.42, ''PSI'' 4.364.5 (iii B.C.); πέπλοι Il.24.796; <b class="b3">νειὸς μαλακός</b> [[fresh-ploughed]] [[fallow]], 18.541; <b class="b3">λειμῶνες μαλακοί</b> [[soft]] [[grassy]] [[meadow]]s, Od.5.72, cf. Il.14.349; πόας [[ἄνθος]] Sapph.54; τάπητες… μαλακώτεροι ὕπνω Theoc.15.125; of the [[skin]] or [[flesh]], μ. παρειαί [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Antigone|Ant.]]''783 (lyr.); [[χρώς]] [[Euripides|E.]], ''[[Medea|Med.]]'' 1403 (anap.); [[σώμα]]τα [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''3.10.1; <b class="b3">πρόβατα μαλακά</b> [[soft-fleeced]], D.47.52; <b class="b3">τόποι πεδινοὶ καὶ μαλακοί</b>, opp. [[hard]], [[rugged]] [[ground]], [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Historia Animalium|HA]]''607a10; <b class="b3">οἱ κρημνοὶ οἱ μαλακοί</b> ib.615b31; μαλακὴ [[πέτρα]] ''SIG''970.8 (iii B.C.), ''PPetr.''2p.6 (iii B.C.); μαλακὴ [[τέφρα]] = a [[slow]] [[fire]], Ph.''Bel.''89.36; so μαλακὸν [[πῦρ]] Androm. ap. Gal.13.26; μ. [[ἀνθρακιά]] Dsc.2.76; [[ὕδωρ]] μαλακόν, of [[marsh]] [[water]], A.''Fr.''192.8 (anap.), Pl.''Ti.''59d (cf. [[μαλθακός]]); of [[soil]], X.''Oec.''19.8, Pl.''Criti.''111b. Adv., [[μαλακῶς]] [[ἐνεύδειν]], [[μαλακῶς]] [[εὑδέμεναι]], to [[sleep softly]], i.e. on [[soft]] [[bedding]], Od. 3.350, 24.255; μαλακώτατα [[καθεύδειν]] [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''2.1.24; [[καθίζου μαλακῶς]] = [[sit softly]], i.e. on a [[cushion]], [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Knights|Eq.]]''785; ὑποστορεῖτε μ. τῷ κυνί Eub.90, cf. 108; but [[ὡς μαλακῶς ἐσθίεις]] = [[what dainty food you have]]! [[Theophrastus|Thphr.]] ''[[Characters|Char.]]''2.10.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[μαλακά]] (''[[sc.]]'' [[σκεύη]]), τά, [[household utensils]], Men.''Per.Fr.''3, Diph.19.<br><span class="bld">II</span> of things not subject to [[touch]], [[gentle]], [[θάνατος]] Od. 18.202; [[ὕπνος]] Il.10.2; [[κῶμα]] 14.359; <b class="b3">μαλακὰ ἔπεα</b> [[soft]], [[fair]] [[word]]s, 1.582, 6.337; λόγοι Od.1.56; ἐπαοιδαί Pi.''P.''3.51; παρηγορίαι [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Agamemnon|Ag.]]''95 (anap.); αὖραι X.''Oec.''20.18; <b class="b3">μαλακὸν βλέμμα</b> [[tender]], [[youthful]] [[looks]], Ar. ''Pl.''1022; μαλακὰ φρονέων ἐσλοῖς Pi.''N.''4.95; μ. [[οἶνος]] [[mild]] [[wine]], Arist.''Pr.'' 873b34; μαλακή [φωνή] [[soft]], Id.''Aud.''803a8 (Comp.); of [[scent]], [[faint]], [[delicate]], Thphr.''HP''6.7.4; of [[climate]], [[mild]], ib.6.8.1. Adv. [[μαλακῶς]], [[αὐλεῖν]] Arist.''Aud.''803a20; ἐὰν τὰ σκληρὰ [[μαλακῶς]] λέγηται Id.''Rh.''1408b9.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[light]], [[mild]], μαλακώτεραι [[ζημία]]ι Th.3.45.<br><span class="bld">III</span> of persons or modes of life, [[soft]], [[mild]], [[gentle]], <b class="b3">μαλακώτερος ἀμφαφάασθαι</b> [[easier]] to [[handle]], of a [[fallen]] [[hero]], Il.22.373; ἐκ τῶν μ. χώρων μ. [[ἄνδρας]] [[γίνεσθαι]] [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]9.122; μαλακώτερον ἐκ σκληροτέρου τὸ τῆς ψυχῆς [[ἦθος]] [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''666b; ἀρνίου μαλακώτερος Philippid.29; μαλακώτερον τὸ [[ἦθος]] τὸ τῶν θηλειῶν [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Historia Animalium|HA]]'' 608a25; ἀρρένων καὶ μ. ἠθῶν καὶ πράξεων Phld.''Mus.''p.92 K.<br><span class="bld">2</span> in bad sense, [[soft]], μ. ἐν τῇ ξυναγωγῇ τοῦ πολέμου Th.2.18; μ. ἦν περὶ τοῦ μισθοῦ Id.8.29; πρὸς τὸ [[πονεῖν]] [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''1.2.2. Adv. [[μαλακῶς]], [[ξυμμαχεῖν]] Th.6.78; <b class="b3">μαλακωτέρως ἀνθήπτετο</b> [[attack]]ed him [[somewhat]] [[feebly]], Id.8.50; μ. φιλεῖν [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''3.11.10.<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[faint-hearted]], [[cowardly]], Th.6.13, X. ''HG''4.5.16 (Comp.), etc.<br><span class="bld">c</span> [[morally weak]], [[lacking in self-control]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.153 (Comp.); ἀντίκειται τῷ μ. ὁ [[καρτερικός]] [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Nicomachean Ethics|EN]]''1150a33: c. inf., μαλακὸς [[καρτερεῖν]] πρὸς ἡδονάς τε καὶ λύπας Pl.''R.''556c; τὸ τρυφῶν καὶ μ. Ar.''V.''1455 (lyr.); μαλακὸν οὐδὲν [[ἐνδιδόναι]] = not to [[give in]] from [[weakness]] or [[want]] of [[spirit]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.51,105, Ar.''Pl.''488; [[τὰ μαλακά]] = [[indulgence]]s, Epich.288, cf. [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''7.2.28.<br><span class="bld">d</span> = [[παθητικός]], ''PHib.''1.54.11 (iii B.C.), ''1 Ep.Cor.''6.9, Vett.Val.113.22, D.L.7.173.<br><span class="bld">e</span> of music, [[soft]], [[effeminate]], μ. [[ἁρμονία]]ι Pl.''R.''398e, 411a, cf. [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Politica|Pol.]]''1290a28; [[tuned to a low pitch]], opp. [[σύντονος]], [[χρῶμα]] μ. Cleonid.''Harm.''7, etc.<br><span class="bld">f</span> of style, [[feeble]], τὸ μαλακώτερον καὶ ταπεινότερον Phld.''Rh.''1.197 S.<br><span class="bld">g</span> of [[reasoning]], [[weak]], [[loose]], [[λόγος]] Isoc.12.4 (Comp.), cf. 5.149 (Comp.); [[λόγος]] [[λίαν]] μ. [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Metaphysics|Metaph.]]''1090b8. Adv. [[μαλακῶς]], [[συλλογίζεσθαι]] to [[reason]] [[loosely]], Id.''Rh.''1396b1 (Comp.); [[ἀποδεικνύειν]] μαλακώτερον Id.''Metaph.''1025b13.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[weakly]], [[sickly]], [[μαλακῶς ἔχειν]] to [[be ill]], Hermipp.58, Ps.-[[Herodotus|Hdt.]] ''Vit.Hom.''34, Luc.''DDeor.''9.1; [[μαλακῶς]] διάκειται ''PCair.Zen.''263.3 (iii B.C.).<br><span class="bld">IV</span> Adv. [[μαλακῶς]], v. supr. I, II, III.