arma: Difference between revisions

|lshtext=<b>arma</b>: ōrum, n. (<br /><b>I</b> gen. plur. armūm, Pac. ap. Cic. Or. 46, 155; Att. ap. Non. p. 495, 23, considered by Cic. in the [[connection]] armūm judicium as [[less]] [[correct]] [[than]] armorum) [cf. ΑΡΩ, [[ἀραρίσκω]] = to [[fit]]; [[ἄρθρον]] = [[joint]]; [[ἁρμός]] = [[armus]] = [[joint]], [[shoulder]]; [[ἀρτάω]] = [[artio]], [[arto]] = to [[fit]], to [[fit]] in [[closely]]; [[ἄρτιος]] = [[fit]], [[exact]]; [[artus]] = [[close]], [[narrow]]; ars (artis) = the [[craft]] of [[fitting]] things; [[artifex]], [[artificium]]; Goth. [[arms]] = O. H. Germ. aram = Engl. [[arm]]; Sanscr. ar = to [[hit]] [[upon]], [[attain]]; aram = [[fit]], [[fast]]; īrmas = [[arm]]. Curt.].<br /><b>I</b> Lit.<br /> What is fitted to the [[body]] for its [[protection]], [[defensive]] armor, as the [[shield]], [[coat]] of [[mail]], [[helmet]], etc.: tot milia armorum, detracta corporibus hostium, Liv. 45, 39: induere [[arma]], id. 30, 31: [[arma]] his imperata, [[galea]], [[clipeum]], ocreae, [[lorica]], omnia ex aere, id. 1, 43: pictis et [[auro]] caelatis refulgens armis, id. 7, 10. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Specifically, a [[shield]]: at Lausum socii exanimem [[super]] [[arma]] ferebant, on a [[shield]], Verg. A. 10, 841: caelestia [[arma]], quae ancilia appellantur, Liv. 1, 20 (v. [[ancile]]); id. 8, 30; 1, 37; cf. Verg. A. 1, 119 Heyne; Tac. G. 11 Rup.; Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 43: [[Aeneas]] se collegit in [[arma]], gathered [[himself]] under his [[shield]], Verg. A. 12, 491.—Hence, in a [[more]] extended [[sense]],<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Implements of [[war]], [[arms]], [[both]] of [[defence]] and [[offence]] ([[but]] of the [[latter]] [[only]] those [[which]] are used in [[close]] [[contest]], [[such]] as the [[sword]], [[axe]], [[club]]; in [[distinction]] from [[tela]], [[which]] are used in [[contest]] at a [[distance]]; [[hence]], [[arma]] and [[tela]] are [[often]] contrasted;<br /> v. [[infra]]): [[silent]] leges [[inter]] [[arma]], Cic. Mil. 4, 10; id. Att. 7, 3, 5: [[arma]] civilia, [[civil]] [[war]], id. Fam. 2, 16, and Tac. A. 1, 9: civilia [[arma]], id. Agr. 16; id. G. 37 ([[otherwise]], bella civilia, Cic. Off. 1, 25, 86, and Tac. Agr. 13): ab externis armis [[otium]] erat, Liv. 3, 14; 9, 1; 3, 69 Drak.; 9, 32; 42, 2; Tac. H. 2, 1 al.: a Rubro Mari [[arma]] [[conatus]] [[sit]] inferre Italiae, Nep. Hann. 2, 1 (for [[which]] [[more]] freq. [[bellum]] inferre alicui, v. [[infero]]): ad horrida promptior [[arma]], Ov. M. 1, 126: qui [[fera]] nuntiet [[arma]], id. ib. 5, 4; 14, 479: compositis venerantur armis, Hor. C. 4, 14, 52. So the [[beginning]] of the Æneid: Arma virumque [[cano]]; cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 7: [[melius]] [[visum]] Gallos novam gentem [[pace]] [[potius]] cognosci [[quam]] armis, Liv. 5, 35 fin.; cf.: cedant [[arma]] togae, Cic. Off. 1, 22, 76.—Also for [[battle]], [[contest]]: in [[arma]] feror, Verg. A. 2, 337; so id. ib. 2, 655.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> (Abstr. for concr.) The warriors [[themselves]], soldiers, [[troops]]: nulla [[usquam]] apparuerunt [[arma]], Liv. 41, 12: nostro supplicio liberemus Romana [[arma]], i. e. Romanum exercitum, id. 9, 9; 21, 26: Hispanias armis non ita redundare, Tac. H. 2, 32: expertem [[frustra]] belli et neutra [[arma]] secutum, [[neither]] [[party]], Ov. M. 5, 91: auxiliaria [[arma]], auxiliaries, [[auxiliary]] [[troops]] = auxiliares (v. [[auxiliaris]], I.), id. ib. 6, 424; cf. id. ib. 14, 528.—<br /><b>III</b> Transf., [[poet]]. ([[like]] [[ὅπλον]] and [[ἔντεα]] in Gr.), implements, instruments, tools, utensils, in gen. Of implements for grinding and [[baking]]: Cerealia [[arma]], the [[arms]] of [[Ceres]], Verg. A. 1, 177 (cf. Hom. Od. 7, 232: [[ἔντεα]] [[δαιτός]]). —Of implements of [[agriculture]], Ov. M. 11, 35: dicendum est, quae sint duris agrestibus [[arma]], Quīs [[sine]] nec potuere seri nec surgere messes, Verg. G. 1, 160.—Of the equipments, [[tackle]] of a [[ship]] ([[mast]], sails, [[rudder]], etc.): colligere [[arma]] jubet validisque incumbere remis, Verg. A. 5, 15; 6, 353.—Hence used by Ovid for wings: haec umeris [[arma]] parata suis, A. A. 2, 50 (cf. in the foll. [[verse]]: his [[patria]] est adeunda carinis).—And so of [[other]] instruments, Mart. 14, 36.