τραχύς

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English (LSJ)

εῖα, ύ : Ep. and Ion. τρηχύς, fem. -εῖα, -εῖαν, -είης, neut. (Hom. (v. infr.), Hes.Op.291, Theoc.25.74); in Ion. Prose fem. τρηχέᾰ, acc. τρηχέᾰν, gen. τρηχέης, dat. τρηχέῃ (imperfectly preserved in codd.; in Hdt.4.23, 9.122, codd. ABCP have τρηχέη, -έην, -έης, RSV have -εῖα, -εῖαν, -είης; for codd. Hp. v. Kühleweinip. lxxxvi); τρηχείην (before conson.) Simon. 89 codd., A.R.2.375 codd.; τρηχείης (as pr. n.) Hippon.47; gen. pl. neut.

   A ἐρίων . . τρηχείων GDI 5633.14 (Teos); dual in Trag. τραχεῖ, Ion Trag.67:—jagged, λίθος Il. 5.308; χαλινοί, opp. λεῖοι, X.Eq.9.9, cf. 10.6; τ. καὶ γωνιοειδής Thphr. Sens.65; prickly, ἄκανθαι, ἄκανθα, Plu.2.32e, 138d (both Sup.); rugged, ἀκτή, ἀταρπός, Od.5.425, 14.1; as epith. of Ithaca, 9.27, 10.417; so γῆ λιθώδης καὶ τρηχέα Hdt.4.23; Χερσονήσου τῆς Τρηχέης καλεομένης, of the Crimea, ib.99; and freq. in Trag. and Att. of rocky districts, A.Pr.726, E.Fr.1083; τὰ τραχέα, τὰ τραχύτατα, X.Cyn.4.10, Plu.Flam.4; τ. καὶ χαλεπὴ ὁδός Pl.R.328e; also, rough, γλῶσσα Hp.Morb.2.63; ἔρια GDI l. c., PCair.Zen.287.2 (iii B. C.); σφόγγοι ib.12.56 (iii B. C.); χῆμαι ib.82.12 (iii B. C.); σινδόνες (towels, opp. μαλακαί) Gal.6.418; χερσὶ μὴ πάνυ μαλακαῖς, ὥσπερ αὖ μηδὲ τραχείαις, ἀνατρίβειν τὸ σῶμα ib.417; τὰ τ. κατὰ τὰς ἀνωμαλίας ἀλλήλοις ἐμπλεκόμενα ἑνοῦται, τὰ δὲ λεῖα κτλ. Diocl.Fr.26; βλέφαρα Sor. 2.16, PTeb.273 intr. (ii/iii A. D.); shaggy, τὰ κάτωθεν τ. καὶ τραγοειδής, of Pan, Pl.Cra.408d, cf. 420e; λάσιον καὶ τ. [τὸ κέαρ] . . ἔχοντες Id.Tht.194e; τ. σώματα, opp. λεῖα, X.Mem.3.10.1; of the voice, harsh, Pl.Ti.67c, etc.; esp. of the voice of boys, when it breaks, μεταβάλλειν ἐπὶ τὸ -ύτερον Arist.HA581a18; τὸ τ. τῆς φωνῆς Plu. Mar.14; and of a person, τῇ φωνῇ τ. X.An.2.6.9; also τραχυτάτη γλῶσσα (cf. τραχύστομος) Str.14.2.28; of sounds and their combinations, harsh, opp. λεῖος, σύνθεσις, διάλεκτος, Phld.Po.Herc.994.32,36:—on τραχεῖα ἀρτηρία, v. ἀρτηρία.    2 of battle and conflict, ὑσμίνη Hes.Sc.119; νιφὰς πολέμοιο Pi.I.4(3).17(35), cf. Simon.89; φάλαγγες Tyrt.12.22.    3 of natural forces, ῥόθιον A.Pr.1048 (anap.); -ύτερα τὰ νοσήματα ἀπεργάζεσθαι Pl.Ti.84c; of a river, Plu.Alex. 60, etc.; ἄελλαι A.R.1.1078.    4 of persons, their acts, feelings, or conditions, rough, harsh, savage, τ. ἔφεδρος Pi.N.4.96; οὐ τ. εἰμι καταθέμεν I am not niggardly in paying, ib.7.76; Ἡσυχία Id.P.8.10; ἅπας δὲ τ. ὅστις ἂν νέον κρατῇ A.Pr.35, cf. 188 (anap.), 326; δικαστὴς τ. εἶ Id.Ag.1421; τ. γε . . δῆμος Id.Th.1049; τ. καὶ τεθηγμένους λόγους Id.Pr.313; τ. ὀργή E.Med.447; λεῖον καὶ τ. πάθημα Pl.Ti.63e; νόμοι τραχύτατοι Id.Lg.864c; τὸ τ. τοῦ ἤθους, τοῦ νόμου, Id.Cra.406a, R.452c; -ύτερα πράγματα Isoc.7.18; εὐνομίη τραχέα λειαίνει smooths the rough places, Sol.4.35.    II Adv. τρᾱχέως, Ion. τρηχέως, rare in the literal sense, roughly, τ. ὑλακτεῖν Plu.Arat.8; neut. as Adv., τρηχὺ φωνῇ ἠπείλει Theoc.25.74; θάλασσα τραχὺ βοᾷ AP5.179 (Mel.).    2 of men's acts, τρηχέως περιέπειν τινά handle roughly, Hdt.1.73, 114; τραχέως ἔχειν to be rough, harshly disposed, Isoc.3.33; τινι D.19.45; -ύτερον ἄρχειν Isoc.3.55; τ. ἀποκρίνεσθαι Plu.Phoc.21, etc.; τ. φέρειν take hardly, Id.Lys.15; rarely τραχυτέρως, Pl.Clit.406a; περιέφθησαν τρηχύτατα Hdt.6.15. (Prob. cogn. with θράσσω, cf. ἐνθράσσω.)