ὁπλίτης

English (LSJ)

ου, ὁ, (ὅπλον)

   A heavy-armed, armed, ὁ. δρόμοι races of men in armour, opp. the naked race (v. στάδιον 11), Pi.I.1.23 ; called ὁ ὁ. or simply ὁπλίτης (Dor., Arc. -τας) in IG5(1).1120 (Geronthrae, v B. C.), 5(2).550.26 (Lycaeum, iv B. C.), etc. (= τοῦ ὅπλου δρόμος, Paus.6.13.1), cf. ὁπλιτοδρομέω; ἀνὴρ ὁ. A.Th.717, E.Supp.585, etc.; ὁ. στρατός an armed host, Id.Heracl.800 ; ὁ. κόσμος warrior-dress, armour, ib.699.    II mostly as Subst., ὁπλίτης, ὁ, heavy-armed foot-soldier, man-at-arms, who carried a pike (δόρυ) and a large shield (ὅπλον), Ἀθηναίων οἱ στρατηγοὶ καὶ . . οἱ ὁ. IG12.116.25 ; ὁπλῖται, opp. ψιλοί, Hdt.9.30, Th. 1.106 ; opp. γυμνῆτες, Hdt.9.63 ; opp. ἱππεῖς, Pl.R.552a ; opp. τοξόται, Id.Criti.119b ; to be a ὁπλίτης implied the possession of full civic rights, hence οἱ ὁ., opp. οἱ βάναυσοι, Arist.Pol.1326a23 ; and, in oligarchical states, opp. ὁ δῆμος, ib.1305b33.