ὀφείλω

English (LSJ)

impf. ὤφειλον; Ep. ὀφέλλω (also Aeol., IG12(2).67.7 (Mytil.), and Arc., ib.5(2).343.27 (Orchom. Arc., iv B. C.)), impf. ὤφελλον or ὄφελλον, v. infr. II. 2, 3 (the Att. or Ion. ὀφείλετ', ὄφειλον in Il.11.686, 688, 698, Hes.Op.174 is prob. due to the Copyists): fut.

   A ὀφειλήσω X.Cyr.7.2.28, D.30.7, also ὀφειλέσω TAM2.431, al.: aor. 1 ὠφείλησα Ar.Av.115, Th.8.5 (ἐπ-): pf. ὠφείληκα: plpf. -ήκειν D.45. 33: aor. 2 ὤφελον (v. infr. 11.2, 3):—Pass., aor. part. ὀφειληθείς Th. 3.63. (Cret. ὀφήλω GDI5015.21, written ὀπέλο Leg.Gort.10.20, al., Arc. ὀφέλλω (v. supr.) and ὀφήλω SIG306.40 (Tegea, iv B. C.): in early Att. Inscrr. written both ὀφελ -IG 12.91.8, al., and ὀφειλ- ib.109.9, al.):—owe, have to pay or account for, τὸ καὶ μοιχάγρι' ὀφέλλει Od.8.332; ὅτι μοι . . ζωάγρι' ὀφέλλεις ib.462; χρεῖος, τό ῥά οἱ πᾶς δῆμος ὄφελλεν 21.17; πολέσιν γὰρ Ἐπειοὶ χρεῖος ὄφειλον Il.11.688; ζημίην ὀ. τῷ θεῷ Hdt.3.52, etc.: metaph., μητέρα μοι ζώουσαν ὀφέλλετε Call.Fr. 126; τί ὀφείλω; what do I owe? Ar.Nu.21; ὀ. ἀργύριον, χρέα, Id.Av. 115, Nu.117; ὀ. ἢ θεῷ θυσίας ἢ ἀνθρώπῳ χρήματα Pl.R.331b; ὀ. τινὶ δρᾶν τι ib.332a: c. dat. only, ὀ. τινί to be debtor to another, Ar.Nu. 1135, Lys.581, etc.; τρίτον δὲ χαίρειν, εἶτ' ὀ. μηδενί Philem.163: abs., to be in debt, Ar.Nu.485, etc.; οἱ ὀφείλοντες debtors, Arist.EN1167b21, Plu.2.832a:—Pass., to be due, ἔνθα χρεῖός μοι ὀφέλλεται (v.l. ὀφείλεται) Od.3.367; χρεῖος ὀφείλετο Il.11.686, 698; ἢν . . ὀφείληταί τί μοι Ar.Nu.484; μισθὸς τοῖς στρατιώταις ὠφείλετο X.An.1.2.11, etc.; τὸ ὀφειλόμενον a debt, ib.7.7.34; -όμενα ἀποδιδόντες Hdt.5.99, cf. Simon. ap. Pl.R.331e.    2 metaph., ὀ. μέλος τινί Pi.O.10(11).3; πολλὰ δώμασιν καλά E.HF287; ὀ. χάριν, v. χάρις 1.2; Ἀπόλλωνι χαριστήρια X.Cyr.7.2.28; τὴν ψυχὴν πᾶσιν Ael.VH10.5:—Pass., ὀφείλεταί τινι ἐκ θεῶν κλέος A.Fr.315; ὀ. τινὶ εὐεργεσία Th.1.137; ἀντὶ χαρίτων ἔχθραι ὀ. X.Cyr.4.5.32; τοῖς μὲν ἐχθροῖς βλάβην ὀ., τοῖς δὲ φίλοις ὠφελίαν Pl. R.335e, cf. 332b; τοὐφειλόμενον πράσσουσα Δίκη what is due, A.Ch. 310.    3 as a legal term, to be bound to render, εὐθύνας ὤφειλον And. 1.73 codd. (f.l. for ὦφλον): hence, like ὀφλισκάνω, incur a penalty, ζημίαν Lys.9.10; διπλῆν τὴν βλάβην Id.1.32, cf. E.Andr.360; τὴν τοιαύτην δίκην Pl.Lg.909a, cf. 774b, 774d, 844e, D.21.77; ἁμαρτίαν ὀ. Μηνὶ Τυράννῳ IG3.74.15 (ii/iii A. D.).    4 in Pass., of persons, to be due or liable to, θανάτῳ πάντες ὀφειλόμεθα Simon.122, cf. LXX Wi.12.20, IG3.1381; but τοιαύταις χερσὶν ὀφειλόμεθα our help is due, AP9.283 (Crin.).    II c. inf., to be bound, to be obliged to do, ὀφέλλετε ταῦτα πένεσθαι ye are bound, ye ought to... Il.19.200, cf. Hdt.1.41,42, al., E.Alc.682, 712, etc.; and of things, ought to be, ὁ λόγος οὐκ ἀκριβῶς ὀ. λέγεσθαι Arist.EN1104a2:—Pass., δράσαντι γάρ τοι καὶ παθεῖν ὀφείλεται A.Fr.456; σοὶ τοῦτ' ὀφείλεται παθεῖν it is thy destiny to... S.Ph. 1421, cf. El.1173; ὡς πᾶσιν ἡμῖν κατθανεῖν ὀφείλεται E.Alc.419, cf. 782, Or.1245, Lys.25.11; v. supr.1.4.    2 in this signf. Ep. impf. ὤφελλον or ὄφελλον and aor. ὤφελον or ὄφελον are used of that which one has not, but ought to have, done (ought being the pret. of owe), ὤφελεν ἀθανάτοισιν εὔχεσθαι Il.23.546; νῦν ὄφελεν πονέεσθαι λισσόμενος 10.117, cf. Od.4.472.    3 these tenses are also used, folld. by pres. or aor. inf., in wishes that something were or had been in present or past, ἀνδρὸς . . ὤφελλον ἀμείνονος εἶναι ἄκοιτις I ought to be... would that I were . . ! Il.6.350; τὴν ὄφελ' ἐν νήεσσι κατακτάμεν Ἄρτεμις would that Artemis had slain her !, Il.19.59, cf. Od.4.97; τιμήν πέρ μοι ὄφελλεν Ὀλύμπιος ἐγγυαλίξαι Il.1.353: freq. preceded by εἴθε (Ep. αἴθε) , ὡς, ὡς δή, which express the wish still more strongly, αἴθ' ὄφελες ἄγονός τ' ἔμεναι ἄγαμός τ' ἀπολέσθαι O that thou hadst!, Il.3.40, cf. 1.415, etc.; αἴθ' ὤφελλες . . σημαίνειν 14.84; αἴθ' ὤφελλ' ὁ ξεῖνος . . ὀλέσθαι Od.18.401; αἴθ' ἅμα πάντες . . ὠφέλετε . . ἐπὶ νηυσὶ πεφάσθαι Il.24.254: with ὡς, ὡς ὄφελον . . ἑλέσθαι O that I had . . !, 11.380; θανέειν Od.14.274; ὡς πρὶν ὤφελλον ὀλέσθαι Il.24.764, cf. Od.14.68; ὡς ὤφελες αὐτόθ' ὀλέσθαι Il.3.428; ὡς . . ὤφελες Od. 2.184; ὡς ὄφελεν . . Il.3.173, etc.: strengthd., ὡς δὴ ἔγωγ' ὄφελον . . Od.1.217: also with neg., μὴ ὄφελες λίσσεσθαι . . would thou hadst never . . !, Il.9.698; ἣ μὴ ὤφελλε γενέσθαι 17.686; τὼ μὴ γείνασθαι ὄφελλον Od.8.312; ὡς μὴ ὤφελλε τεκέσθαι Il.22.481; ὡς δὴ μὴ ὄφελον νικᾶν Od.11.548.—So in Trag. and Att., ὤφελον . . S.OT1157; ὤφελες . . Ar.Th.865; ὤφελε . . A.Pr.48, X.An.2.1.4, etc.: also, as in Ep., εἴθ' ὤφελες . . S.El.1021; εἴθ' ὤφελ' . . Ar.Nu.41, etc.; εἰ γὰρ ὤφελον . . Id.Ec.380, Pl.R.432c, Cri.44d; ὡς ὤφελες . . Ar.Ra.955: with neg., μήποτ' ὤφελον S.Ph.969, E.Alc.880 (anap.), D.18.288; ὡς μήποτ' ὤφελον . . E.Ion286; ὡς μηδὲ νῦν ὤφελον D.21.78: without augm. in Hdt., εἶδον . . τὸ μὴ ἰδεῖν ὄφελον (v.l. ὤ-) 1.111, cf. 3.65: sts. in Trag. (lyr. and anap.), εἴθ' ὄφελε . . A.Pers.915; ὄφελε . . S.Aj. 1192; μήποτ' ὄφελον . . E.Med.1413. (In this signf. ὤφειλον is used in late Ep., ὡς μὴ ὤφειλες ἱκέσθαι Q.S.5.194, but ὤφελλον shd. be read in Hes.Op.174 and ὤφελε in E.IA1291.)    b with ind., ὤφελε μηδ' ἐγένοντο θοαὶ νέες Call.Epigr.19.1, cf. Q.S.10.378, etc.    c ὄφελον (Adv. acc. to A.D.Adv.142.9, EM643.48) in this signf.: c. acc. et inf., ὤμοι ἐγών, ὄφελόν με . . ὀλέσθαι Orph.A.1159: even with 2 pers. of Verb, ὄφελον ἐβασιλεύσατε 1 Ep.Cor.4.8, cf. 2 Ep.Cor.11.1, Ep.Gal.5.12, Apoc.3.15, LXX Jb.14.13, Ath.4.156a; ὄφελον δυνήσῃ Luc.Sol.1 (as a solecism): with 3 pers., Arr.Epict.2.18.15, D.Chr.38.47: with 1 pers. pl., ὄφελον ἀπεθάνομεν LXX Ex.16.3; ὤφελον (sic) εἰ ἐδυνάμεθα πέτασθαι PGiss.17.10 (ii A. D.): c. inf., ὄφελομ μὲν ἡ θεὸς . . στερῆσαι . . OGI315.16 (Pessinus, ii B. C.).    III impers. ὀφείλει, it behoves, c. acc. et inf., Pi.N.2.6; ὄφελλέ με μήτε . . εἰσοράαν κτλ. A.R.3.678: so pers. in part., abs., αἱ ὀφείλουσαι ἱερουργίαι τῶν θεῶν the due services of the gods, PTeb.294.24 (ii A. D.); κατὰ τὸν ὀφείλοντα καιρόν Sor.1.79. (ὦφλον, ὤφληκα, aor. and pf. of ὀφλισκάνω, were prob. orig. aor. and pf. of ὀφείλω: ὄφελον in signf. II. 3c may be orig. neut. part. of ὤφελε (signf. 111) with omission of ἐστί.)