πηδάλιον

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English (LSJ)

[ᾰ], τό, (πηδόν)

   A steering-paddle, rudder, Hom., only in Od.; π. μετὰ χερσὶ . . νηὸς ἔχοντα 3.281 ; π. ποιήσατο, ὄφρ' ἰθύνοι 5.255 ; πηδαλίῳ ἰθύνετο τεχνηέντως ἥμενος ib.270 ; π. δὲ ἐκ χειρῶν προέηκε ib.315 ; π. δὲ ἓν ποιεῦνται (sc. Αἰγύπτιοι) καὶ τοῦτο διὰ τῆς τρόπιος διαβύνεται Hdt.2.96; Greek ships had a pair, hence in pl., of a single ship, Id.4.110, Cratin.139, Ar.Eq.542, Diph.43.11; πηδάλια ζεύγλαισι (cross-bars) παρακαθίετο E.Hel.1536; ἀνέντες τὰς ζευκτηρίας τῶν π. Act.Ap.27.40; πηδάλια εἶχε τέτταρα τριακονταπήχη, of the τεσσαρακοντήρης of Ptolemy IV, Callix.1 : metaph. in Com., [γυνὴ] . . οὐδὲ μικρὸν πείθεται ἑνὶ πηδαλίῳ Theophil.6 : prov., π. κρεμάσαι to retire from a seafaring life, Ar.Av.711.    2 metaph., ἱππικὰ π., of reins, A.Th.206(lyr.); νώμα δικαίῳ π. στρατόν Pi.P.1.86 ; τὰ π. τῆς διανοίας Pl.Clit.408b.    II in pl., of the oars by which the nautilus is said to steer himself, Arist.HA622b13 ; of the long hind legs of the locust and grasshopper, ib.532a29,535b12, cf. IA710a3.    III = πολύγονον ἄρρεν, Ps.-Dsc.4.4.