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Ἀχαιοί: Difference between revisions
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|elrutext='''Ἀχαιοί:''' οἱ ахейцы или ахеяне, т. е. жители Ахеи Пелопоннесской или Фессалийской, перен. греки (в отличие от троянцев) Hom., Hes., Trag., Her., Xen., Plat., Arst., Plut. | |elrutext='''Ἀχαιοί:''' οἱ ахейцы или ахеяне, т. е. жители Ахеи Пелопоннесской или Фессалийской, перен. греки (в отличие от троянцев) Hom., Hes., Trag., Her., Xen., Plat., Arst., Plut. | ||
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|etymtx=Grammatical information: pl. m.<br />Meaning: name of a Greek tribe (Il.).<br />Other forms: sg. <b class="b3">Ἀχαιός</b> [[Achaean]], f. <b class="b3">Ἀχαιαί</b>, sg. <b class="b3">-ά</b> (s. Schwyzer 460).<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">Ἀχαιΐς</b>, <b class="b3">-ίδος</b> f. <b class="b2">the land of the A.</b> (sc. <b class="b3">γαῖα</b>) or <b class="b2">the Achaean f.</b> (sc. <b class="b3">γυνή</b>), also <b class="b3">Ἀχαιϊάς</b> f. (Il.); <b class="b3">Ἀχαιϊκός</b>, Att. <b class="b3">Ἀχαϊκός</b> (cf. Schwyzer 265f.) [[Achaean]]; <b class="b3">Ἀχαιΐη</b>, Att. <b class="b3">Ἀχαΐα</b> f. a Thessalian and Peloponnesian region [[Achaia]]; also a town (Rhodos etc.), perhaps trisyllabic, s. below.<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]<br />Etymology: The name <b class="b3">Ἀχαιοί</b> < <b class="b3">ἈχαιϜοί</b> (cf. Lat. [[Achīvī]]) is known from Egyptian sources as [[q]][[jw]][[š]]', read as [[Aqaiwaša]]. Also in Hitt. <b class="b2">Aḫḫiya</b>, later <b class="b2">Ah̯h̯iyawā</b>, from <b class="b3">*ἈχαιϜία</b> or <b class="b3">*ἈχαίϜα</b>(?); Kretschmer Glotta 21, 227). Against this Sommer (<b class="b2">Aḫḫijavā-Urk</b>., A. u. Sprw., IF 55, 169ff.). The equation is now generally accepted, but the Hittite form has not been satisfactorily explained. (Worthless Finkelberg, Glotta 66, 1988, 127 - 134, who derives the Greek form from Hitt. <b class="b2">Ah̯h̯iyawa</b> (!), with <b class="b2">h₂y</b> > <b class="b3">χ</b>.) - The name is no doubt a Pre-Greek name ([[Akayʷa]]?). On the historical side Lehmann, Historische Zeitschr. 262, 1996, 1 - 38; Niemeyer Aegaeun 19, 1999, 141 - 155. | |||
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