ῥέω: Difference between revisions

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 {{elru
 |elrutext='''ῥέω:''' (только pf. [[εἴρηκα]]; pass.: fut. [[ῥηθήσομαι]], fut. 3 [[εἰρήσομαι]], aor. ἐρρήθεν и [[ἐρρέθην]] - ион. [[εἰρέθην]], pf. [[εἴρημαι]], ppf. εἰρήμην) говорить.<br /><b class="num">I</b> эп. тж. Hes., Anth. [[ῥείω]], редко Plut., Luc. [[ῥέομαι]] (fut. [[ῥεύσομαι]] - дор. ῥευσοῦμαι, поздн. [[ῥεύσω]], атт. [[ῥυήσομαι]], aor. 1 [[ἔρρευσα]], aor. 2 [[ἐρρύην]], pf. [[ἐρρύηκα]]; формы на εη, εο и εω - без стяжения)<br /><b class="num">1)</b> течь, литься, струиться (ῥέε δάκρυα Hom.): ῥ. ὕδατι λιαρῷ Hom. источать горячую воду; ῥ. αἵματι Hom. или φόνῳ Eur. струиться кровью; φάραγγες ὕδατι ῥέουσαι Eur. ущелья, по которым течет вода, т. е. горные потоки; ῥ. ἀπὸ τηκομένης χιόνος Her. (о реке) образоваться от тающих снегов; ἱδρῶτι ῥεούμενοι (= ῥεόμενοι) Her. обливающиеся потом; μέλιτος [[γλυκίων]] ῥέεν [[αὐδή]] Hom. слаще меда лилась речь (Нестора); ῥ. ἐπαίνῳ Arph. быть осыпаемым похвалами; χρυσῷ ῥ. Eur. купаться в золоте; [[ἄνω]] ῥ. Eur. или [[ἄνω]] ποταμῶν ῥ. погов. Eur., Dem. течь вспять, т. е. быть поставленным вверх дном; ὡς [[ἰόντων]] ἁπάντων καὶ ἀεὶ ῥεόντων Plat. так как все движется и вечно течет; οἱ ῥέοντες Plat. «текучие», т. е. последователи Гераклита;<br /><b class="num">2)</b> растекаться, разливаться (ὁ ποταμὸς ἐρρύη [[μέγας]] Thuc.): ἡ φλὸξ ῥυεῖσα Plut. распространившееся пламя;<br /><b class="num">3)</b> расплываться, исчезать (ῥ. καὶ ἀπόλλυσθαι Plat.);<br /><b class="num">4)</b> наплывать, устремляться (ῥεῖ πολὺς [[ὅδε]] λεὼς [[πρόδρομος]] Aesch.): ῥέων στρατὸς ἔστειχε Eur. армия неудержимо прорывалась вперед;<br /><b class="num">5)</b> нападать, (гневно) набрасываться ([[κατά]] τινος Dem. и πρός τινα Plut.);<br /><b class="num">6)</b> с жаром набрасываться, ревностно приниматься (ῥ. πρὸς τὰ μαθήματα Plat.; ῥ. ἐπὶ ποιητικήν Plut.);<br /><b class="num">7)</b> опадать (ῥεῖ ὁ [[καρπός]] Polyb.);<br /><b class="num">8)</b> падать, выпадать (τῶν ἐκ μελέων [[τρίχες]] ἔρρεον Hom.): ῥέουσι αἱ [[τρίχες]] ἐκ τῆς κεφαλῆς Arst., Theocr. волосы выпадают на голове;<br /><b class="num">9)</b> (о корабле) пропускать воду, течь Arst.;<br /><b class="num">10)</b> страдать истечениями: αἱ κοιλίαι αἱ ῥέουσαι Diod. понос;<br /><b class="num">11)</b> лить, струить ([[γάλα]] Theocr.; [[οἶνον]] Luc.).
+}}
+{{etym
+|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">to flow, to stream</b>, also metaph., <b class="b2">to stream off, to fall off</b> (of hair, ripe fruits etc.), (Il.).<br />Other forms: Aor. <b class="b3">ῥυῆναι</b> (γ 455), Dor. <b class="b3">ἐρρύα</b>, fut. <b class="b3">ῥυῆσομαι</b>, perf. <b class="b3">ἐρρύηκα</b> (Att.); fut. <b class="b3">ῥεύσομαι</b> (Thgn., com., Hp.), <b class="b3">ῥευσοῦμαι</b> (Arist.), <b class="b3">ῥεύσω</b> (AP), aor. <b class="b3">ῥεῦσαι</b> (Ar. in anap., Hp., hell.).<br />Compounds: Very often w. prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">περι-</b>, <b class="b3">ὑπο-</b>.<br />Derivatives: Many derivv., also from the prefixcompp. (here only indicated): A. with full grade. 1. <b class="b3">ῥέεθρον</b> (ep. Ion. Il.), <b class="b3">ῥεῖθρον</b> (Att.) n. [[stream]], [[river]], [[water]]; 2. `<b class="b3">Ρεῖτος</b> m. name of a stream or brook, (Eleusis Va, Th., Paus.; Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforsch. 5, 89); 3. <b class="b3">ῥεῦμα</b> n. [[current]], [[stream]] (IA.; cf. Porzig Satzinhalte 267f.), [[stream]], [[rheumatism]] (medic.), with <b class="b3">-μάτιον</b>, <b class="b3">-ματώδης</b>, <b class="b3">-ματικός</b>, <b class="b3">-ματίζομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-ματισμός</b>; 4. <b class="b3">ῥέος</b> n. [[stream]] (A; cf. on <b class="b3">ἐυ-ρρεής</b> below); 5. <b class="b3">ῥεῦσις</b> f. (hell. for <b class="b3">ῥύσις</b>); 6. <b class="b3">ῥευστός</b> [[streaming]], [[fluid]] (Emp., Arist. a.o.), <b class="b3">-στικός</b> (Plu.), <b class="b3">-σταλέος</b> (Orac. ap. Eus.); 7. <b class="b3">-ρρεί-της</b> (from <b class="b3">-ρρεϜέ-της</b>) in compounds, e.g. <b class="b3">ἐϋ-ρρείτης</b> <b class="b2">streaming beautifully</b> (Hom. a.o.), <b class="b3">ἀκαλα-ρρείτης</b> (s. v.); 8. <b class="b3">-ρρεής</b> only in gen. <b class="b3">ἐϋ-ρρεῖος</b> = <b class="b3">ἐϋ-ρρεϜέος</b> (Il.) from <b class="b3">ἐϋ-ρρεής</b> <b class="b2">id.</b>; rather to <b class="b3">ῥέω</b> than to <b class="b3">ῥέος</b> (Schwyzer 513). -- B. With <b class="b3">ο-</b>ablaut: 1. <b class="b3">ῥόος</b> (<b class="b3">κατά-</b> etc.), Att. <b class="b3">ῥοῦς</b>, Cypr. <b class="b3">ῥόϜος</b> m. [[stream]], [[flow]]; 2. <b class="b3">ῥοή</b> (<b class="b3">ἐκ-</b> etc.), Dor. <b class="b3">-ά</b>, Corc. <b class="b3">ρhοϜαῖσι</b> f. [[flowing]], [[stream]], [[outflow]] (Il.); from 1. or 2. <b class="b3">ῥοΐσκος</b> m. [[brooklet]] (Halaesa), <b class="b3">ῥοώδης</b> (<b class="b3">ῥοι-</b> Gal.) <b class="b2">flowing, suffering of flux, having strong currents, watery, falling off</b> (Hp., Th., Arist. etc.), <b class="b3">ῥοϊκός</b> [[fluid]] (Hp., Dsc.), <b class="b3">ῥοΐζω</b> <b class="b2">to drench</b>, of horses (Hippiatr.) with <b class="b3">ῥοϊσμός</b> H.; 3. <b class="b3">ῥοῖαι</b> f. pl. [[floods]] (Hp.); 4. <b class="b3">-ρροια</b> f. in prefixcompp., e.g. <b class="b3">διάρροια</b> (: <b class="b3">δια-ρρέω</b>) <b class="b2">flowing through, diarrhoea</b> (IA.; on the formation Schwyzer 469). -- C. With zero grade: 1. <b class="b3">ῥυτός</b> <b class="b2">streaming, pouring out, flowing strongly</b> (trag. a.o.; <b class="b3">ἀμφί-</b>, <b class="b3">περί-</b> ῥέω Od. a.o.); <b class="b3">ῥυτόν</b> n. <b class="b2">drinking horn</b> (Att., hell.); 2. <b class="b3">ῥύσις</b> (<b class="b3">ἔκ-</b> a.o.) f. [[flowing]], [[flow]] (IA.); 3. <b class="b3">ῥύμα</b> = <b class="b3">ῥεῦμα</b> (late) s.v.; 4. <b class="b3">ῥύαξ</b>, <b class="b3">-ακος</b> m. <b class="b2">strong current, rushing stream, stream of lava</b> (Th., Pl., Arist. a.o.), prob. Sicil. (Björck Alpha impurum 61 a. 285); cf. <b class="b3">ῥύαγξ</b> (cod. <b class="b3">ῥοί-</b>) <b class="b3">φάραγξ</b> H. [note that of the last two the suffixes are Pre-Greek]; 5. <b class="b3">ῥυάχετος</b> m. <b class="b2">multitude of people</b> (Lac.; Ar. Lys. 170), expressive enlargment of <b class="b3">ῥύαξ</b> after <b class="b3">ὀχετός</b>, <b class="b3">συρφετός</b>?; 6. <b class="b3">ῥυάς</b> f. (m., n.) <b class="b2">fluid, falling off</b> (Arist., Thphr. a.o.), also adjunct of <b class="b3">ἰχθῦς</b> or des. of certain fishes, that live in warms and follow the currents (Arist. a.o.; Strömberg Fischn. 50f., Thompson Fishes s.v.), [[flow]] with <b class="b3">ῥυαδικός</b>, <b class="b2">suffering flux etc.</b> (medic.); 7. <b class="b3">ῥυδόν</b> (ο 426), <b class="b3">ῥύδην</b> (Crates a.o.) [[flooding]], [[abounding]]. -- On [[ῥυθμός]] s. v.; on <b class="b3">ῥύτρος</b>, <b class="b3">ῥόα</b> (<b class="b3">ῥοιά</b>), <b class="b3">ῥοῦς</b> as plantnames s. [[ῥόα]].<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1003] <b class="b2">*sreu̯-</b> [[flow]], [[stream]]<br />Etymology: The the themat. root-present <b class="b3">ῥέω</b> (< <b class="b3">*ῥέϜω</b>; cf. <b class="b3">ῥόϜος</b> a.o. above) agrees Skt. <b class="b2">srávati</b> [[flow]], IE <b class="b2">*sréu̯-eti</b>. Also to other forms there are exact agreements outcide Greek, of which the age is however uncertain because of the strong productivity of the relevent form-categories: <b class="b3">ρόος</b> = Skt. <b class="b2">srava-</b> m. <b class="b2">the flowing</b>; cf. OCS <b class="b2">o-strovъ</b>, Russ. <b class="b2">óstrov</b> [[island]] (prop. "surrounded by stream(s)"); <b class="b3">ῥοή</b> = Lith. <b class="b2">sravà</b> f. <b class="b2">flowing, flow of blood, menstruation</b>; cf. Skt. <b class="b2">giri-sravā</b> f. [[mountainstream]], <b class="b3">ῥύσις</b> = Skt. <b class="b2">srutí-</b> f. [[way]], [[stret]] (but e.g. <b class="b2">vi-sruti-</b> <b class="b2">flowing out</b>; cf. Liebert Nom. suffix -ti- 39); ambiguous Arm. <b class="b2">aṙu</b> [[canal]]; <b class="b3">ῥυτός</b> = Skt. <b class="b2">srutá-</b> [[flowing]]; cf. Lith. <b class="b2">srùtos</b> pl. (dial. <b class="b2">-tà</b> sg.) f. <b class="b2">liquid manure, (animal)urine</b>; (<b class="b3">ἐ</b>ϋ) <b class="b3">-ρρεής</b> : Skt. ([[madhu]]) <b class="b2">-sravas-</b> m. "dripping of honey", plantname (lex.). Over aginst the neuter <b class="b3">ῥεῦμα</b> (IE <b class="b2">*sreu̯-mn̥</b>) stands in Balto-Slav. a corresponding masc., e.g. Lith. <b class="b2">sraumuõ</b>, gen. <b class="b2">-meñs</b> [[rapid]] (IE <b class="b2">*srou̯-mon-</b>); similar Thrac. rivername <b class="b3">Στρυμών</b>. An <b class="b2">m-</b>suffix also in Germ., e.g. OWNo. [[straumr]] [[stream]]' (IE <b class="b2">*srou̯-mo-</b>), in Celt., e.g. OIr. [[sruaim]] [[stream]] and in Alb. <b class="b2">rrymë</b> [[stream]] (Mann Lang. 28, 37). -- Genetic connection has also been supposed between Dor. aor. <b class="b3">ἐ-ρρύα</b> and Lith. pret. <b class="b2">pa-srùvo</b> [[flowed]] (< <b class="b2">*-āt</b>; Schwyzer 743 w. n. 11 a. lit.), also between Ion.-Att. <b class="b3">ἐρρύη</b> and Lith. inf. <b class="b2">sravė́ti</b>. Formally identical are also the futures <b class="b3">ῥεύσομαι</b> (<b class="b3">-σω</b>) and Skt. <b class="b2">sroṣyati</b>. Further the Greek and Sanskrit as well as the Balt. verbal systems go different ways. -- Further forms w. lit. in WP. 2, 702 f., Pok. 1003; Fraenkel s. <b class="b2">sravė́ti</b>, Vasmer s. <b class="b2">strúmenъ</b>; older lit. also in Bq. -- Vgl. [[ῥώομαι]].
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