σκότος: Difference between revisions

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 {{elnl
 |elnltext=σκότος -ου, ὁ, ook σκότος -ους, τό duisternis, het donker poët. duisternis (van de dood of de onderwereld):;... μιν σκότος εἷλε duisternis nam bezit van hem Il. 5.47; τὸν ἀεὶ κατὰ γᾶς σκότον de eeuwige duisternis onder de aarde Soph. OC 1701; als plaatsnaam Σκότος de Duisternis (gezegd van de Onderwereld); christ.. τὸ σκότος τὸ ἐξώτερον de buitenste duisternis (van de Hel) NT Mt. 8.12. trag. duisternis (van blindheid):; ἰὼ σκότου νέφος oh, nevel van duisternis Soph. OT 1313; met ww. van zien:. σκότον δεδορκώς duisternis ziende (d.w.z. blind) Eur. Phoen. 377. overdr. duisterheid, onhelderheid, verborgenheid:; ἀπορία καὶ σ. moeilijkheid en duisterheid Plat. Lg. 837a; spec. met prep..; διὰ σκότους ἡ ὁδός de route is duister Xen. An. 2.5.9; διὰ σκότου = ἐν σκότῳ = κατὰ σκότον = ὑπὸ σκότου = ὑπὸ σκότῳ in duisternis, in\n het geheim; van pers. onwetendheid:. πολύ τι σκότος... ἐστὶν παρ ’ ὑμῖν πρὸ τῆς ἀληθείας bij jullie is de waarheid geblokkeerd door grote onwetendheid (of bij jullie staat grote duisternis de waarheid in de weg) Dem. 18.226. geneesk. duisternis (van het verliezen van het bewustzijn).
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+{{etym
+|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.,<br />Meaning: [[darkness]], [[dark]], also of the dark before the eyes = [[swindle]] (Il.).<br />Other forms: Also n. (since Va; after <b class="b3">φῶς</b> a. o., extensively Egli Heteroklisie 64 f.)<br />Compounds: Some compp., e.g. <b class="b3">σκοτο-μήν-ιος</b> "having the moon in the dark", <b class="b2">moon-darkness, moonless</b>, adjunct of <b class="b3">νύξ</b> (ξ 457), univerbation of <b class="b3">σκότος</b> and <b class="b3">μήν(η</b>); besides the abstract <b class="b3">σκοτο-μην-ία</b> f. <b class="b2">moonlessnes, moonless night</b> (hell.), also <b class="b3">σκοτο-μήνη</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Democr.[?], LXX) and (after the nom. in <b class="b3">-αινα</b>) <b class="b3">σκοτό-μαινα</b> f. <b class="b2">id.</b> (AP a.o.); cf. Sommer Nominalkomp. 57 (slightly diff.). Further <b class="b3">σκοτο-διν-ία</b>, Ion. <b class="b3">-ίη</b> f. [[swindle]] (Hp., Pl.) with <b class="b3">-δινιάω</b> (Ar., Pl.); also <b class="b3">-δινος</b> m. <b class="b2">id.</b> (Hp.; after <b class="b3">δῖνος</b>); diff. Georgacas Glotta 36, 182.<br />Derivatives: Several derivv. A. Adj.: 1. <b class="b3">σκότιος</b> [[dark]], [[secretly]], [[illegitimate]], in Crete also = <b class="b3">ἄνηβος</b> (esp. ep. poet. Z 24; cf. Ruijgh L'élém. ach. 108 against Leumann Hom. Wörter 284); to this <b class="b3">σκοτίας δραπέτης</b> H. 2. <b class="b3">σκοτ-αῖος</b> <b class="b2">in the dark, dark</b> (IA.; after <b class="b3">κνεφαῖος</b> a.o.; Schwyzer 467). 3. <b class="b3">-εινός</b> [[darkness]] (A.; after <b class="b3">φαεινός</b> a. o.) with <b class="b3">-εινότης</b> f. (Pl.), <b class="b3">-εινῶδες</b> H. s. <b class="b3">νυθῶδες</b>. 4. <b class="b3">-όεις</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Hp., Emp., hell. ep.; Debrunner <b class="b3">Ἀντίδωρον</b> 28f.); <b class="b3">Σκοτοῦσ(σ)α</b> (<b class="b3">-όεσσα</b>) f. town in Thessaly (hell.). 5. <b class="b3">-ώδης</b> [[dark]], [[dizzy]] (IA.) with <b class="b3">-ωδία</b> f. (late). 6. <b class="b3">-ερός</b> [[dark]] (hell. poet.). -- B. Subst. 1. <b class="b3">σκοτία</b> f. = <b class="b3">σκότος</b> (Ar., LXX, NT a.o.); or to <b class="b3">σκότιος</b> as e.g. <b class="b3">ὁσία</b> : <b class="b3">ὅσιος</b>?; cf. Scheller Oxytonierung 38 w. n. 4. 2. <b class="b3">σκοταρία ζόφος</b>. <b class="b3">Ἀχαιοί</b> H. 3. <b class="b3">Σκοτίτας</b> m. surn. of Zeus (Paus. 3, 10, 6); explanation debated; cf., except LSJ, Redard 212, Hitzig -Blümner ad loc., v. Wilamowitz Glaube 1, 229. 4. <b class="b3">Σκοτία</b> (<b class="b3">-ιά</b>) f. surn. of Aphrodite (H., EM; Scheller Oxyt. 129 w. n. 2). -- C. Verbs: 1. <b class="b3">σκοτόομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-όω</b>, also w. <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b>, <b class="b2">it becomes dark before my eyes, I'm passing out; to pass out, to darken</b> (Att. etc.; on the meaning Chantraine Sprache 1, 147 f.) with <b class="b3">σκότ-ωμα</b>, <b class="b3">-ωσις</b> (hell. a. late). 2. <b class="b3">ἐπι-σκοτ-έω</b> <b class="b2">to shroud in darkness, to darken</b> (Hp., Att.; like <b class="b3">ἐπι-θυμ-έω</b>, <b class="b3">-χειρ-έω</b> a. o.) with <b class="b3">-ησις</b> f. (Plu. a. o.), <b class="b3">-ος</b> adj. (Pi. Pae. 9, 5; v. l.). 3. <b class="b3">σκοτάω</b> in 3. pl. <b class="b3">σκοτόωσι</b> <b class="b2">their sight becomes darkened</b> (Nic.). 4. <b class="b3">σκοτ-άζω</b>, mostly w. <b class="b3">συν-</b>, <b class="b2">to become dark, to darken</b> (Att. etc.; in the older language only impersonal) with <b class="b3">-ασμός</b> m. (late). 5. <b class="b3">-ίζω</b>, also w. <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b2">to darken</b> (hell. a. late) with <b class="b3">-ισμός</b>, <b class="b3">-ισις</b> (sp.). 6. <b class="b3">σκοτ-εύει δραπετεύει</b> H. (cf. <b class="b3">σκοτίας</b> ab. A. 1).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [957] <b class="b2">*sk(e)h₃t-</b>, or <b class="b2">*skot-</b>?<br />Etymology: Without direct non-Gr. agreement, <b class="b3">σκότος</b> has a very close cognate in a Germ. word for [[shadow]]: Goth. [[skadus]], OE [[sceadu]] (also [[darkness]]), OHG [[scato]], -(<b class="b2">a)wes</b>, PGm. <b class="b2">*skaðu-</b> (after the opposite <b class="b2">*haiðu-</b> prop. <b class="b2">light-appearance</b> [= Skt. <b class="b2">ketú-</b>] in Goth. [[haidus]] <b class="b2">art and way</b> a. o.?). Besides stand in Celt. forms with lengthened grade, e.g. OIr. [[scāth]] n. [[shadow]], IE <b class="b2">*skōto-</b> or <b class="b2">*skāto-</b> (diff. s. <b class="b3">σκιά</b>). WP. 2, 600 (w. older lit.), Pok. 957; older lit. also in Bq.
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