σίνομαι: Difference between revisions

{{etym

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">to rob, to pillage, to destroy, to damage</b> (ep. Od., Sapph., Ion., X., hell. a. late, also Argos, Crete, Herakleia; Hdt., Hp. also <b class="b3">-έομαι</b>; not in Att..<br />Other forms: very rare in aor.: <b class="b3">ἐσίναντο</b> (Hdt.), <b class="b3">ἐπεσίνατο</b> (Nic.), <b class="b3">προσίναντες βλάψαντες</b> H.<br />Dialectal forms: rarely with <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">προ-</b>.<br />Compounds: As 1. member in <b class="b3">σιν-όδων</b>, <b class="b3">-όδους</b>, <b class="b3">-οντος</b> m. name of a fish (Arist., Dorio a. o.), folketymol. for <b class="b3">συν-</b> σίνομαι (s. Strömberg 45). Unclear however <b class="b3">σινάμωρος</b> approx. <b class="b2">harmful, baneful, wicked, mischievous, sweet-toothed, lustful</b> with <b class="b3">-ία</b>, <b class="b3">-έω</b>, <b class="b3">-ευμα</b> (Ion., com., Arist. a. o.); because of the short <b class="b3">ι</b> not to the verb, but to the noun <b class="b3">σίνος</b>; the final fits badly with <b class="b3">μωρός</b>, perh. better to <b class="b3">ἐγχεσί-μωρος</b>, if taken as <b class="b2">spear-happy</b> (cf. Leumann Hom. Wörter 272 n. 18).<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">σίνος</b> n. [[damage]], [[harm]], [[disaster]] (Ion., A., Arist. a. o.) with <b class="b3">ἀ-σινής</b> [[unharmed]], [[harmless]] (λ 110, Sapph., Ion., A., Pl., X., hell. a. late), opposite <b class="b3">ἐπι-σινής</b> (Thphr. a. o.). 2. <b class="b3">σίντης</b> m. [[destroyer]], [[robber]], mostly of beasts of prey, [[thief]] (Il., hell. a. late epic); <b class="b3">σίντωρ</b> m. <b class="b2">id.</b> (Crete IVa, AP; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 123 a. 131); uncertain <b class="b3">Σίντιες</b> m. pl. name of the old population of Lemnos (Hom. a.o.), after Kretschmer Glotta 30, 117 prop. "the robbers" and to be distinguished from the Thracian <b class="b3">Σιντοι</b>. 3. <b class="b3">Σίνις</b>, <b class="b3">-ιδος</b> m. name of a mythical robber (B., E., X. a. o.), also appellat. [[robber]], [[destroyer]] (A. Ag. 217 [gener. changed to <b class="b3">ἶνις</b>], Call., Lyc.). 4. <b class="b3">σιναρός</b> [[damaged]] (Hp., as <b class="b3">ῥυπαρός</b> a. o.). 5. <b class="b3">σινότης</b> f. [[damage]], [[flaw]] (gloss.). 6. <b class="b3">ἐπισίνιος ἐπίβουλος</b> H. 7. <b class="b3">σινόω</b> (<b class="b3">προ-</b> σίνομαι) = <b class="b3">σίνομαι</b> (Man., Vett. Val. a. o.) with <b class="b3">σινωτικός</b> [[harmful]] (late). 8. <b class="b3">σίνδρων</b> = <b class="b3">πονηρός</b> (Phot.), also <b class="b2">slave born of a slave</b> (Seleukos ap. Ath.), also as PN; cf. Masson on Hipponax 121 w. n. 3; gen. pl. <b class="b3">σινδρῶν πονηρῶν</b>, <b class="b3">βλαπτικῶν</b> H.<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: The present <b class="b3">σίνομαι</b> (second. <b class="b3">-έομαι</b>; cf. Schwyzer 721) wit generalized length of the <b class="b3">ι</b> (on the unclear <b class="b3">σίνονται</b> Sapph. 26, 4 s. Hamm Gramm. $217a) can be best understood as yotformation <b class="b3">*σίν-ι̯ομαι</b> (Schwyzer 694). If inherited, <b class="b3">σίνομαι</b> must like <b class="b3">κλίνω</b>, <b class="b3">κρίνω</b> contain a present-forming <b class="b3">ν</b>, which spread not only to the sporadic aoristforms but also to the nouns <b class="b3">σίνος</b>, <b class="b3">σίντης</b> a. o. -- Not certainly explained. PGr. <b class="b3">*τϜι-ν-</b> can on itself be connected with <b class="b3">σής</b> (if from <b class="b3">*τϜη</b>[ι̯]<b class="b3">-ς</b>) and with Germ. <b class="b2">Þwi-</b> in OE [[Þwīnan]] <b class="b2">become weak, disappear</b> a. o. (Wood Mod. Phil. 5, 268); apart from the semant. polyinterpretability of the relevant words, there are both for <b class="b3">σής</b> and for [[Þwīnan]] other explanations, s. on <b class="b3">σής</b> and WP. 1, 702 f. (Pok. 1054) w. lit. To be rejected explanations of <b class="b3">σίνομαι</b> in W.-Hofmann s. [[sine]] and [[sonium]]; older lit. in Bq and Lidén IF 19, 351 w. n. 2. -- Cf. <b class="b3">σιφλός</b>.

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