πρίν: Difference between revisions

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Spiros

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 {{etym
 |etymtx=Grammatical information: Adv. a. conj., rarely also prep. w. gen.<br />Meaning: [[before]], [[previously]] (Il.).<br />Other forms: Hom. also <b class="b3">πρίν</b>, Gort. <b class="b3">πρειν</b> (once beside requent <b class="b3">πριν</b>), Locr. <b class="b3">φριν</b><br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [811] *prei [[earlier]], [[before]]<br />Etymology: Ending as in <b class="b3">νῦν</b>, <b class="b3">νύν</b>, <b class="b3">πάλιν</b> a.o. Clearly to the group of <b class="b3">πρό</b> (s.v.) with <b class="b3">ι</b> as in Lat. [[prior]], [[prīscus]] etc. (cf. below); further analysis quite uncertain. After Brugmann Grundr. 2 II : 1, 555 for <b class="b3">*πρῖς</b> from <b class="b2">*pri-is</b> to Lat. <b class="b2">prīs-cus</b>, [[prīmus]] (< <b class="b2">*pris-mo-s</b>) etc.; thus <b class="b3">πρειν</b> for <b class="b3">*πρεις</b>. Cf. Lith. <b class="b2">priẽ</b> < <b class="b2">*prei</b>. Diff. Pisani Stud. itfilcl. N.S. 12, 293f.: from <b class="b3">*πρεσίν</b>. -- Cf. also Schwyzer 631 w. lit.; on the use etc. Schw.- Debr. 654ff.
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+{{mdlsj
+|mdlsjtxt=adv.<br />formed with a [[comparative]] [[force]] from πρό:<br />A. adv. of [[Time]], [[before]],<br /><b class="num">I.</b> of [[future]] [[time]], [[before]] that [[time]], [[sooner]], with fut. Ind. or Subj. = fut., Hom.: with Opt. and κεν, Od.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> of [[past]] [[time]], aforetime, [[formerly]], [[once]], [[erst]], Hom.; so with the Art., τὸ [[πρίν]] γε . . , νῦν δὲ . . ; νῦν δὲ . . τὸ [[πρίν]] γε Il.:—with the Art. the Part. ὤν is omitted, τὰ πρὶν πελώρια (sc. ὄντἀ the giants of old, Aesch.; ἐν τῷ πρὶν χρόνῳ Soph.; ἐν τοῖς πρὶν λόγοις Thuc.<br />B. πρὶν ἤ, as Conjunction, [[before]] that, [[before]], ere, [[priusquam]], Hom.; but ἤ is often omitted, so that [[πρίν]] becomes a Conjunction: the [[antecedent]] [[clause]] also has [[πρίν]] (or [[πρότερον]], [[πρόσθεν]], πάροσ), so that [[πρίν]] the Conjunction is relat. to [[πρίν]] the adv., [[especially]] [[after]] a negat.:—it is constructed with Inf., ναῖε δὲ Πήδαιον, πρὶν [[ἐλθεῖν]] υἷας Ἀχαιῶν Il.; οὐδὲ παύσεται χόλου, πρὶν κατασκῆψαί τινα Eur.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> with a [[finite]] Verb:<br /><b class="num">1.</b> with Ind., in [[which]] [[case]] Hom. uses [[πρίν]] γ' ὅτε, [[πρίν]] γ' ὅτε δή, [[until]], [[μάχη]] [[τέτατο]], [[πρίν]] γ' ὅτε δὴ [[Ζεὺς]] [[κῦδος]] Ἕκτορι δῶκε Il.; so, οὐκ ἦν ἀλέξημ' [[οὐδέν]], [[πρίν]] γ' ἐγὼ [[σφίσιν]] [[ἔδειξα]] Aesch.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> with Subj. only [[after]] negatives or equiv. of neg., οὐ καταδυσόμεθ', πρὶν μόρσιμον [[ἦμαρ]] ἐπέλθῃ we [[will]] not go [[down]], [[till]] the day of [[death]] [[come]] on, Od.;—in [[attic]] πρὶν ἄν is [[regular]], [[οὐδέν]] ἐστι [[τέρμα]] μοι μόχθων, πρὶν ἂν [[Ζεὺς]] ἐκπέσῃ τυραννίδος Aesch.; but ἄν is [[sometimes]] omitted, μὴ στέναζε, πρὶν μάθῃς Soph.; as [[always]] with πρὶν ἤ, πρὶν ἢ ἀνορθώσωσι Hdt.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> with Opt., [[after]] historical tenses, οὐκ ἔθελεν φεύγειν πρὶν πειρήσαιτ' Ἀχιλῆος Il.; ἔδοξέ μοι μὴ ποιεῖσθαι, πρὶν φράσαιμί σοι Soph.
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