κτάομαι: Difference between revisions

{{etym

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[acquire]], [[win]], perf. [[possess]].<br />Other forms: Ion. ipf. <b class="b3">ἐκτέετο</b> (as v. l. Hdt. 8, 112), aor. <b class="b3">κτήσασθαι</b> (Il.), pass. <b class="b3">κτηθῆναι</b> (Th., E.), fut. <b class="b3">κτήσομαι</b> (posthom.), perf. <b class="b3">ἔκτημαι</b>, <b class="b3">κέκτημαι</b> (Hes., Att.),<br />Compounds: Often with prefix, e. g. <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐν-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">προσ-</b>.<br />Derivatives: Also from the prefixcompp. (here not specif. noted): 1. Dat.pl. <b class="b3">κτεάτεσσι</b> (Hom., Pi., E.), sg. <b class="b3">κτέαρ</b> (hell.) <b class="b2">(acquired) goods, possessions, property</b> with <b class="b3">κτεατίζω</b> [[acquire]] (Il.), <b class="b3">κτεατισμός</b> (Man.; cod. <b class="b3">κτεαν-</b>). - 2. <b class="b3">κτέανα</b> n. pl., sec. a. rare <b class="b3">-ον</b> sg. <b class="b2">id.</b> (Hes., also Hp.), <b class="b3">φιλο-κτεανώτατε</b> voc. (A 122; Sommer Nominalkomp. 69), <b class="b3">πολυ-κτέανος</b> (Pi.). On <b class="b3">κτεάτεσσι</b> and <b class="b3">κτέανα</b> s. below. - 3. <b class="b3">κτήματα</b> n. pl. (Il.), also sg. (ο 19), <b class="b2">goods, landed property</b>, also <b class="b2">domestic animals</b> (Chantraine Rev. de phil. 72, 5ff.), with <b class="b3">κτημάτ-ιον</b> (Alkiphr., pap.), <b class="b3">-ίδιον</b> (pap. VIp), <b class="b3">-ικός</b> [[rich]] (hell.), <b class="b3">-ίτης</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Lycurg.; Redard Les noms grecs en <b class="b3">-της</b> 28); as 2. member a. o. in <b class="b3">πολυ-κτήμων</b> <b class="b2">rich in possessions</b> (Il.) with <b class="b3">-μοσύνη</b> (Poll.). - 4. <b class="b3">κτήνεα</b>, <b class="b3">-νη</b> n. pl., rarely <b class="b3">-νος</b> sg. <b class="b2">domestic animals</b> (esp. Ion., hell.), prob. directly from <b class="b3">κτάομαι</b> with <b class="b3">νος-</b>suffix (Chantraine Formation 420; very complicated hypothesis in Egli Heteroklisie 48 f.); from it <b class="b3">κτηνηδόν</b> <b class="b2">after the kind of animals</b> (Hdt.), <b class="b3">κτηνύδριον</b> (pap.); often as 1. member, e.g. <b class="b3">κτηνο-τρόφος</b> <b class="b2">cattle-keeper</b> (hell.). - 5. <b class="b3">κτῆσις</b> [[acquisition]], [[possession]] (Il.; Holt Les noms d'action en <b class="b3">-σις</b> 82 ff.) with <b class="b3">κτήσιος</b> <b class="b2">regarding the possessions</b>, <b class="b3">Ζεὑς Κτήσιος</b> as protector of possessions (IA.; Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 403 ff.); dimin. <b class="b3">κτησ(ε</b>) <b class="b3">ίδιον</b> (Arr.). - 6. <b class="b3">κτεάτειρα</b> f. <b class="b2">who possesses (fem.)</b> (A. Ag. 356 ), archaising after <b class="b3">κτεάτεσσι</b> a. o. for <b class="b3">-κτήτειρα</b>, <b class="b3">-τρια</b> (in <b class="b3">προ-κτήτρια</b> <b class="b2">former possessor</b>, pap.) to <b class="b3">κτήτωρ</b> m. [[possessor]] (D. S., pap., Act. Ap.) with <b class="b3">κτητορικός</b> (pap.); details in Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 29f., 1, 183 n. 1, Schwyzer 474 n. 3. - 7. <b class="b3">Φιλο-κτή-της</b> PN (Il.), compound from <b class="b3">φίλος</b> and <b class="b3">κτάομαι</b> with <b class="b3">τη-</b>suffix; Att. <b class="b3">Φιλοσκήτης</b> (Kretschmer Glotta 4, 351). -8. Verbal adjectives: <b class="b3">κτητός</b> <b class="b2">to acquire, acquired</b> (I 408; Ammann <b class="b3">Μνήμης χάριν</b> 1,14); usu. <b class="b3">ἐπίκτη-τος</b> <b class="b2">also acquired, newly acquired</b> (IA.); <b class="b3">κτητικός</b> <b class="b2">of what was acquired</b> (Att.), cf. Chantraine Ét. sur le vocab. grec 137. - 9. Unclear is <b class="b3">ἀκτῆνες πένητες</b>, <b class="b3">ἠργηκότες</b> (EM55, 11); after Solmsen Wortforsch. 143 prob. from <b class="b3">*ἀ-κτη-ῆνες</b>. Except the rare and relatively late attested present <b class="b3">κτάομαι</b> all forms have <b class="b3">κτη-(ἔγκτασις</b> hyperdoric after <b class="b3">ἔμπασις</b>; s. <b class="b3">πάσασθαι</b>). Also <b class="b3">κτεάτεσσι</b>, <b class="b3">κτέαρ</b> go back to a heteroklitic <b class="b3">*κτῆ-Ϝαρ</b>, <b class="b3">-Ϝατος</b>; besides <b class="b3">κτέανα</b> as rest of the old oblique <b class="b2">n-</b>stem <b class="b3">*κτη-Ϝαν-α</b>, which gave sg. <b class="b3">κτέανον</b>, s. Schwyzer 519 n. 6, Egli Heteroklisie 32.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [626] *??<b class="b2">eh₁</b>\/<b class="b2">₂-</b> [[rule]]? gain, acquire?<br />Etymology: The oldcomparison with Indo-Iran. present Skt. <b class="b2">kṣáyati</b> = Av. [[xšayeiti]], <b class="b2">-te</b> <b class="b2">rule, order, have power</b> is semantically unproblemtic, but formally already less convincing, as <b class="b3">κτάομαι</b> makes the inpression of being an innovation and the well established non-present forms of Greek have no Indo-Iran. agreements. A further problem was Skt. <b class="b2">kṣáy-ati</b>; this form does not continue <b class="b2">*ksǝi̯eti</b>; the solution is <b class="b2">*ksH-ei-</b>, which was unknown until recently; this solution can also be used to explain Skt. <b class="b2">kṣa-trám</b> - Av. <b class="b2">xša-θrǝm</b> [[rule]]. The equation of <b class="b3">κτάομαι</b> [[acquire]] and Skt. <b class="b2">kṣáyati</b> is therefore less evident. Cf. LIV 334, 562; EWAia 426 -- Pok. 626.

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