αἱρέω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=impf. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> ᾕρεον <span class="bibl">Il.24.579</span>, Ion. αἵρεον <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.31</span>, but contr. <b class="b3">ᾕρει</b> even in <span class="bibl">Il.17.463</span>, ᾕρευν <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Sc.</span>302</span>: fut. αἱρήσω <span class="bibl">Il.9.28</span>, etc.: aor. 1 <b class="b3">ᾕρησα</b> late (ἀν-) <span class="bibl">Q.S.4.40</span>, etc.: pf. ᾕρηκα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>267</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.61</span>, etc., Ion. <b class="b3">ἀραίρηκα</b> or <b class="b3">αἵρηκα</b> (ἀν-) <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.102</span>: plpf. ἀραιρήκεε <span class="bibl">3.39</span>:—Med., fut. αἱρήσομαι <span class="bibl">Il.10.235</span>, etc.: aor. 1 ᾑρησάμην <span class="bibl">Plb.38.13.7</span> s. v.l., Gal.19.53, etc.: pf. in med. sense ᾕρημαι <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>1577</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>5.6.12</span>, <span class="bibl">D.2.15</span>, etc.: 3pl. plpf. ᾕρηντο <span class="bibl">Th.1.62</span>:—Pass., fut. αἱρεθήσομαι <span class="bibl">Hdt. 2.13</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Mx.</span>234b</span>; rarely ᾑρήσομαι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Prt.</span>338c</span>: aor. <b class="b3">ᾑρέθην</b> and pf. ᾕρημαι <span class="bibl">D.20.146</span>, al.; pf. part. ἀραιρημένος <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.66</span>: plqf. ᾕρηντο <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">An.</span>3.2.1</span>, ἀραίρητο <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.191</span>, etc.—From [root ]<b class="b3">ἑλ-</b>: fut. <b class="b3">ἑλῶ</b> only late (δι-) <span class="title">Test.Epict.</span>6.18, (ἀν-) <span class="bibl">D.H.11.18</span>, (καθ-) <span class="title">APl.</span>4.334 (Antiphil.): aor.1 <b class="b3">εἷλα</b> (ἀν-) <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>2.23</span>, (ἀν-) <span class="title">Epigr.Gr.</span>314.24 (Smyrna): elsewh.aor.2 εἷλον <span class="bibl">Il.10.561</span>, etc., Ep. ἕλον <span class="bibl">17.321</span>, Ion. ἕλεσκε <span class="bibl">24.752</span>:— Med., fut. ἑλοῦμαι <span class="bibl">D.H.4.75</span>, (ἀφ-) <span class="bibl">Timostr.5</span>, (δι-) <span class="bibl">D.H.4.60</span>, (ἐξ-) <span class="bibl">Alciphr.1.9</span>: aor. 1 εἱλάμην <span class="title">Epigr.Gr.</span>314.5 (Smyrna), (ἀφ-) v.l. in <span class="bibl">Ath.12.546a</span>, (δι-) <span class="title">AP</span>9.56 (Phil.): elsewh. aor. 2 εἱλόμην <span class="bibl">Il.16.139</span>, etc., 2sg. ἤλεο <span class="bibl">Sapph.<span class="title">Oxy.</span>1787.6.3</span>:—Cret. forms αἰλεθῇ <span class="title">Leg.Gort.</span> 2.21, <b class="b3">ἀν-αιλῆθαι</b> ib.7.10, al.:—the etym. is doubtful, and <b class="b3">ἀγρέω</b> (q.v.) prob. has a difft. root. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> Act., <b class="b2">take with the hand, grasp, seize</b>, αἱ. τι ἐν χερσίν <span class="bibl">Od.4.66</span>; <b class="b3">αἱ. τινὰ χειρός</b> <b class="b2">to take</b> one by the hand, <span class="bibl">Il.1.323</span>; <b class="b3">κόμης τινά</b> ib.<span class="bibl">197</span>; μ' ἑλὼν ἐπὶ μάστακα χερσίν <span class="bibl">Od.23.76</span>: part.<b class="b3">ἑλών</b> adverbially, κατακτεῖναί μ' ἑλών <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>497</span>; ἄξω ἑλών <span class="bibl">Il.1.139</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>7.1</span>; but <b class="b3">ἔνθεν ἑλών</b> <b class="b2">having taken up</b> [the song], <span class="bibl">Od.8.500</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">take away</b>, ἀπ' ἀπήνης ᾕρεον ἄποινα <span class="bibl">Il.24.579</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">take, get into one's power</b>, <b class="b3">νῆας</b> ib.<span class="bibl">13.42</span>; esp. <b class="b2">take</b> a city, <span class="bibl">2.37</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>347</span>, etc.; <b class="b2">overpower, kill</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.4.457</span>, etc.; ἕλοιμί κεν ἤ κε ἁλοίην <span class="bibl">22.253</span>:—freq. of passions, etc., <b class="b2">come upon, seize</b>, χόλος <span class="bibl">Il.18.322</span>; ἵμερος <span class="bibl">3.446</span>; ὕπνος <span class="bibl">10.193</span>; λήθη <span class="bibl">2.34</span>, etc.: c. dupl.acc., τὸν δ' ἄτη φρένας εἷλε <span class="bibl">16.805</span>; of disease, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>142b</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">catch, take</b>, ζωὸν ἑλεῖν <span class="bibl">Il.21.102</span>; <b class="b2">take in hunting</b>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Sc.</span>302</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt. 1.36</span>, etc.; <b class="b2">overtake</b>, in a race, <span class="bibl">Il.23.345</span>; <b class="b2">get into one's power, entrap</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>764</span>, etc.; in good sense, <b class="b2">win over</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>2.3.16</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">3.11.11</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ly.</span>205e</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> c. part., <b class="b2">catch, detect</b> one doing a thing, <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Ant.</span>385</span>,<span class="bibl">655</span>; ἐπ' αὐτοφώρῳ ἑλεῖν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span>1214</span>; φῶρα ἐπὶ κλοπῇ ἑλεῖν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>874b</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> generally, <b class="b2">win, gain</b>, κῦδος <span class="bibl">Il.17.321</span>; στεφάνους <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>3.74</span>, etc.; esp. in games, Ἴσθμι' ἑλὼν πύξ <span class="bibl">Simon.158</span>; with double sense, <b class="b2">overcome</b> and <b class="b2">win</b>, ἑλέτην δίφρον τε καὶ ἀνέρε <span class="bibl">Il.11.328</span>; ἕλεν Οἰνομάου βίαν παρθένον τε σύνευνον <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>1.88</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>353</span>:— Pass., <b class="b3">ἁγὼν ᾑρέθη</b> the fight <b class="b2">was won</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1148</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> generally, <b class="b2">get, obtain</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>359a</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ti.</span>64b</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> as law-term, <b class="b2">convict</b>, τινά τινος <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>591</span>, <span class="bibl">Is.9.36</span>, <span class="bibl">Aeschin.3.156</span>; εἷλέ σ' ἡ Δίκη E. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Heracl.</span>941</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Supp.</span>608</span>: c. part., <b class="b3">αἱ. τινὰ κλέπτοντα</b> <b class="b2">to convict</b> of theft, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>829</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>941d</span>; <b class="b3">ᾑρῆσθαι κλοπεύς</b> (sc. <b class="b3">ὤν</b>) <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>493</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">406</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b3">αἱ. δίκην, γραφήν</b> <b class="b2">get a verdict for conviction</b>, <span class="bibl">Antipho 2.1.5</span>, etc.; also <b class="b3">ἑλεῖν τινα</b> <b class="b2">obtain a conviction against</b> one, <span class="bibl">Is.7.13</span>; <b class="b3">ἑλεῖν τὰ διαμαρτυρηθ έντα</b> <b class="b2">convict</b> the evidence of falsehood, <span class="bibl">Isoc.18.15</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> abs., <b class="b2">get a conviction</b>, <b class="b3">οἱ ἑλόντες</b>, opp. <b class="b3">οἱ ἑαλωκότες</b>, <span class="bibl">D.21.11</span>; <b class="b3">δολίοις ἕλε Κύπρις λόγοις</b> Aphrodite <b class="b2">won her cause</b>... <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Andr.</span>289</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span> 762b</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">d</span> of a thing or circumstances which <b class="b2">convict</b>, τοῦτ' ἔστιν ὃ ἐμὲ αἱρεῖ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ap.</span>28a</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">ὁ λόγος αἱρέει</b> reason or the reason of the thing <b class="b2">proves</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.33</span>: c. acc. pers., reason <b class="b2">persuades</b> one, i.e. it <b class="b2">seems good</b> to one, <span class="bibl">Id.1.132</span>, <span class="bibl">7.41</span>; <b class="b3">ὡς ἐμὴ γνώμη αἱ</b>. <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.43</span>; ὅπῃ ὁ λόγος αἱ. βέλτιστ' ἂν ἔχειν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>604c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Lg.</span>663d</span>: c. inf., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span>440b</span>; ὁ αἱρῶν λόγος <span class="bibl">Chrysipp.Stoic.3.92</span>; <b class="b3">αἱρεῖ</b> alone, <b class="b2">proves</b>, Plu.2.651b. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b3">τὸ αἱροῦν</b> the sum <b class="b2">due</b>, PRyl.167.25 (i A. D.); τὰ αἱροῦντα [τάλαντα] <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PGrenf.</span>2.23.14</span> (ii B. C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PRyl.</span>88.19</span> (ii A. D.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b2">grasp with the mind, understand</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phlb.</span>17e</span>, <span class="bibl">20d</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Plt.</span> 282d</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">B</span> Med., with pf. <b class="b3">ᾕρημαι</b> (v. supr.), <b class="b2">take for oneself</b>, <b class="b3">ἔγχος ἑλέσθαι</b> <b class="b2">take one's</b> spear, <span class="bibl">Il.16.140</span>, etc.; ἐκ γαίας λίθον <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span>199</span>; <b class="b3">δόρπον, δεῖπνον</b> <b class="b2">take one's</b> supper, <span class="bibl">Il.7.370</span>, <span class="bibl">2.399</span>; <b class="b3">πιέειν δ' οὐκ εἶχεν ἑλέσθαι</b> <span class="bibl">Od.11.584</span>; <b class="b3">Τρωσὶν . . ὅρκον ἑλ</b>. <b class="b2">obtain</b> it from... <span class="bibl">Il.22.119</span>; and so in most senses of the Act., with the reflexive force added. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">take to oneself, choose</b>, ἕταρον <span class="bibl">Il.10.235</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">9.139</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.16.149</span>, etc.; <b class="b2">prefer</b>, τι πρό τινος <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.87</span>; τι ἀντί τινος <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.7.3</span>, <span class="bibl">D.2.15</span>; τί τινος <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1101</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Theoc.11.49</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> c. inf., <b class="b2">prefer</b> to do, <span class="bibl">Hdt. 1.11</span>, etc.; ἑλέσθαι μᾶλλον τεθνάναι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.2.16</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>38e</span>; μᾶλλον ἂν ἕλοιτό μ' ἢ τοὺς πάντας Ἀργείους λαβεῖν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>47</span>: without <b class="b3">μᾶλλον</b>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>10.59</span>, <span class="bibl">Lys.2.62</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> <b class="b3">αἱ. εἰ</b> . . <b class="b2">to be content</b> if., <span class="title">AP</span> 12.68 (Mel.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">αἱ. τά τινων</b> <b class="b2">take</b> another's part, <b class="b2">join</b> their <b class="b2">party</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.3.63</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">αἱ. γνώμην</b> <b class="b2">to adopt</b> an opinion, <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.137</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">choose by vote, elect</b> to an office, <b class="b3">αἱ. τινὰ δικαστήν, στρατηγόν</b>, etc., <span class="bibl">Id.1.96</span>, <span class="bibl">Eup.117</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">τινὰς ἀριστίνδην</b> Lex ap.<span class="bibl">D.43.57</span>; αἱ. τινὰ ἐπ' ἀρχήν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Men.</span>90b</span>; αἱ. τινὰ ἄρχειν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ap.</span>28e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.2.127</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">C</span> Pass., <b class="b2">to be taken</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.185</span>, <span class="bibl">191</span>, <span class="bibl">9.102</span>; more commonly <b class="b3">ἁλίσκομαι</b>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> v. supr. A. 11.3. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> Pass. to med. sense, <b class="b2">to be chosen</b>, in pf. ᾕρημαι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1209</span>, etc.; Ion. ἀραίρημαι <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.118</span>, <span class="bibl">172</span>,<span class="bibl">173</span>, al.; στρατηγεῖν ᾑρημένος <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>3.2.1</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπ' ἀρχῆς ᾑρῆσθαι</b> ib.<span class="bibl">3.3.2</span>; ἐπὶ τὴν τῶν παίδων ἀρχήν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>809a</span>; <b class="b3">τοῦ ἔτους . . ᾑρημένοι</b> <b class="b2">elected</b> for the year... <span class="title">IGRom.</span>3.1422 (Bithyn.):—aor. <b class="b3">ᾑρέθην</b> is always so used, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>505</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>799</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.7.31</span>, etc.; pres. rarely, <b class="b3">αἱροῦνται πρεσβευταί</b> <b class="b2">are chosen</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1299a19</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">And.4.16</span>.</span>

|mdlsjtxt=[The forms [[εἷλον]] etc. [[come]] from the [[stem]] ἑλ-.]<br />A. Act. to [[take]] with the [[hand]], [[grasp]], αἱρ. τι ἐν χερσίν, [[μετὰ]] χερσίν to [[take]] a [[thing]] in [[hand]], Od.; αἱρ. χερσὶ [[δόρυ]] Il.; αἱρ, τινὰ χειρός to [[take]] one by the [[hand]], Il.:—[[part]]. [[ἑλών]] is [[sometimes]] used as adv., by [[force]], Soph.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> to [[take]] [[away]], Hom.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> to [[take]] by [[force]], to [[take]] a [[city]], Il., etc.; to [[overpower]], [[kill]], Hom., etc.:—often of passions, etc., to [[seize]], Hom., etc.:—to [[conquer]] (in a [[race]]), Il.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> to [[take]], [[catch]], as in [[hunting]], in [[good]] [[sense]], to win [[over]], Xen., etc.:—c. [[part]]. to [[catch]] or [[detect]] one doing a [[thing]], Soph.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> to win, [[gain]], [[κῦδος]] Il.; of the [[public]] games, [[Simon]]., etc.<br /><b class="num">4.</b> as [[attic]] law-[[term]], to [[convict]] a [[person]] of a [[thing]], τινά τινος Ar., etc.: also c. [[part]]., αἱρεῖν τινὰ κλέπτοντα to [[convict]] of [[theft]], Ar.; ἡιρῆσθαι [[κλοπεύς]] (sc. ὤν) Soph.; τοῦτ' ἔστιν ὃ ἐμὲ αἱρήσει Plat.<br /><b class="num">5.</b> ὁ [[λόγος]] αἱρέει, Lat. [[ratio]] evincit, [[reason]] proves, Hdt.<br />B. Mid. to [[take]] for [[oneself]], Hom., etc.; αἱρ. [[δόρπον]], [[δεῖπνον]] to [[take]] one's [[supper]], Hom.:—so in [[most]] senses of Act.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> to [[choose]], Hom.: to [[take]] in [[preference]], [[prefer]] one [[thing]] to [[another]], τι πρό τινος Hdt.; τι [[ἀντί]] τινος Xen.; also, τί τινος Soph.; τι [[μᾶλλον]] ἢ . . , or μᾶλλόν τινος [[attic]]:—c. inf. to [[prefer]] to do, Hdt., etc.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> αἱρεῖσθαι τά τινος or τινά to [[take]] [[another]]'s [[part]], [[join]] his [[party]], Hdt., etc.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> to [[choose]] by [[vote]], [[elect]] to an [[office]], Plat., etc.<br />C. Pass. to be taken, Hdt.; but [[ἁλίσκομαι]] is used in [[attic]] for Pass.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> as Pass. to the mid. [[sense]], to be [[chosen]], in perf. [[ᾕρημαι]] ([[which]] is also mid.), Hdt., [[attic]]