πρέσβυς: Difference between revisions

|Definition=<span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.282</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>530</span>, εως or εος (v. infr. <span class="bibl">11</span>), ὁ, voc. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> πρέσβῠ <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>476</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>146</span>:—<b class="b2">old man</b> (poet. for prose <b class="b3">πρεσβύτης</b>), in this sense only used in nom., acc., and voc., ὁ π. Πόλυβος <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>941</span>; Φοῖνιξ ὁ π. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>562</span>; δριμὺς π. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>255</span> (lyr.); πατέρά πρές βυν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>665</span>; πρέσβυ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OT</span>1013</span>, <span class="bibl">1121</span>; ὦ πρέσβυ E. l. c., Ar. l. c.; ὁ π. <b class="b2">the elder</b>, <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Ag.</span>184</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">205</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">530</span>; cf. <b class="b3">πρέσβα, πρέσβειρα, πρεσβηΐς, πρέσβις</b>: pl. <b class="b3">πρέσβεις</b>, <b class="b2">elders</b>, three times in Trag., always voc. (v. infr. <span class="bibl">111</span>), <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Pers.</span> 840</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span> 1111</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">HF</span>247</span>; for <b class="b3">πρεσβῆ, πρεσβῆες, πρισγεῖες</b>, v. [[πρεσβεύς]]: Comp. and Sup. are the only forms found in Hom., Comp. <b class="b3">πρεσβύτερος, α, ον</b> (late πρεσβυτερωτέρα <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PLond.</span>2.177.15</span> (i A. D.)), <b class="b2">elder</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.11.787</span>, <span class="bibl">15.204</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.2</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">πλεῖν ἢ 'νιαυτῷ</b> by more than a year, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>18</span>; <b class="b3">πρεσβυτέρα ἀριθμοῦ</b> <b class="b2">older</b> than the fit number, <span class="bibl">Pi. <span class="title">Fr.</span>127</span>; <b class="b3">βουλαὶ πρεσβύτεραι</b> thy counsels <b class="b2">wise beyond thy years</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">P.</span>2.65</span>; γνώμη π. τῆς ἡλικίας <span class="bibl">D.H.5.30</span>; οἱ σοφοὶ καὶ π. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EE</span>1215a23</span>; of animals, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">HA</span>546a7</span>; ἵππος π. ἤδη ὤν <b class="b2">rather old</b>, PCair.Zen. 225.8 (iii B. C.); also δένδρα π. <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">CP</span>1.13.8</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπὶ τὸ π. ἰέναι</b> become <b class="b2">older</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>631e</span>; ἵνα μὴ π. ὢν ῥέμβωμαι <b class="b2">in my old age, PCair. Zen</b>. <span class="bibl">447.9</span> (iii B. C.): Sup. <b class="b3">πρεσβύτατος, η, ον,</b> <b class="b2">eldest</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.4.59</span>, <span class="bibl">11.740</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>234</span>, etc.; π. γενεῇ <span class="bibl">Il.6.24</span>; as a term of respect, ἐγὼ παλαιότατός εἰμι σὺ δὲ π. <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Nic.</span>15</span>; of animals, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>546a4</span>, al. : for the poet. forms <b class="b3">πρέσβιστος, πρεσβίστατος</b>, v. [[πρέσβιστος]], and cf. [[πρεῖγυς]]. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> Comp. and Sup., of things, <b class="b2">more</b> or <b class="b2">most important, taking precedence</b>, esp. <b class="b3">πρεσβύτερόν τι</b> (or <b class="b3">οὐδὲν</b>) <b class="b3"> ἔχειν</b> deem <b class="b2">higher, more important</b>, τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ πρεσβύτερα ἐποιεῦντο ἢ τὰ τῶν ἀνδρῶν <span class="bibl">Hdt. 5.63</span>; οὐδὲν πρεσβύτερον νομίζω τᾶς σωφροσύνας <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>959</span> (lyr.); ἐμοὶ οὐδέν ἐστι πρεσβύτερον τοῦ . . <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>218d</span>; πρεσβύτατον κρἰναί τι <span class="bibl">Th. 4.61</span>; merely of magnitude, <b class="b3">πρεσβύτερον κακοῦ κακόν</b> one evil <b class="b2">greater than</b>another, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1365</span> (lyr.); χρεῶν πάντων πρεσβύτατα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>717b</span>. Adv., -τέρωσγυμναστικὴν μουσικῆς τετιμηκέναι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>548c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Jul. <span class="title">Or.</span>4.132c</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> = [[πρεσβευτής]], <b class="b2">ambassador</b>, in nom. sg. only cj. in <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Supp.</span>727</span> (v. <b class="b3">πρέσβη</b>) and in Prov. ap. Sch.<span class="bibl">Il.4.394</span> (v. <b class="b3">πρέσβις</b> (A)); gen. πρέσβεως <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>93</span> (at end of line); πρέσβεος <span class="bibl">Choerob. <span class="title">in Theod.</span> 1.233</span>: dual <b class="b3">πρέσβει</b> (written πρεσβε) <span class="title">IG</span>12(1).977.45,57 (Carpathos, iv B. C.): pl. <b class="b3">πρέσβεις</b>, Dor. uncontr. <b class="b3">πρέσβεες</b> ib.14.952.11 (Acragas, iii B. C.) (at first more freq. than <b class="b3">πρεσβευταί</b> (q. v.)), <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>61</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>12.52.1, 22.1.20, al., <span class="bibl">D.19.183</span>; acc. πρέσβεις <span class="title">IG</span>12.46.24, Foed. ap. <span class="bibl">Th.4.118</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>4.8.13</span>; gen. <b class="b3">πρέσβεων</b>, dat. <b class="b3">πρέσβεσι</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>76</span>,<span class="bibl">62</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>22.1.7. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> at Sparta a political title, <b class="b2">president</b>, <b class="b3">τῶν ἐφόρων</b> ib.5(1).51.6, 552.11; <b class="b3">νομοφυλάκων</b> ib.555b19; <b class="b3">βιδέων</b> ib.556.6; <b class="b3">συναρχίας</b> ib.504.16; <b class="b3">τῆς φυλῆς</b> ib.564.3; [<b class="b3">σφαιρέων</b>] ib.675.5; gen. sg. <b class="b3">πρέσβεως</b> ib. 504.16, al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> Comp. <b class="b3">πρεσβύτερος</b>, <b class="b2">elder, alderman</b>, τῆς κώμης <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span> 195.30</span> (ii A. D., pl.), cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>2121.4</span> (iii A. D.), etc.; ἐκρίθημεν ἐπί τε Νουμηνίου καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν π. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>520.4</span> (iii B. C.), cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">UPZ</span>124.22</span>, <span class="bibl">36</span> (ii B. C.); <b class="b3">τοῖς ἱερεῦσι καὶ</b> (<b class="b2">both</b>) τοῖς π. καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις πᾶσι <span class="title">OGI</span>194.3 (Egypt, i B. C.); <b class="b3">οἱ π. τῶν ὀλυροκόπων</b> ib.729 (Alexandria, iii B. C.); π. τῶν γεωργῶν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span>13.5</span> (ii B. C.); π. γέρδιοι <span class="title">IGRom.</span>1.1122 (Theadelphia, ii A. D.); <b class="b3">τέκτονες π</b>. ib.1155 (Ptolemaïs Hermiu, i A. D.): <b class="b2">elder of the Jewish Sanhedrin</b>, Ev.Matt.16.21, etc.; later, <b class="b2">elder of the Christian Church, presbyter</b>, Act.Ap.11.30, 20.17, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Ti.</span>5.19</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>1162.1</span> (iv A. D.), etc.; of the Apostles, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">2 Ep.Jo.</span>1.1</span>, <span class="bibl">3</span> <span class="title">Ep.Jo.</span>1.1. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> <b class="b2">wren</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>609a17</span>, <span class="bibl">615a19</span>, Hsch.; cf. <b class="b3">σπέργυς.</b> (<b class="b3">-βυ-</b>, Cret. <b class="b3">-γυ-</b> (in <b class="b3">πρεῖγυς</b>), cogn. with Skt. <b class="b2">-gu</b> in <b class="b2">vanar-gú-</b> 'one who lives or moves in the forest', Lith. <b class="b2">žmogùs</b> 'man' (lit. 'one who moves on the ground'); <b class="b3">πρεσ-</b> cogn. with Lat.<b class="b2">prae, pris-tinus;</b> the oldest sense of <b class="b3">π</b>. is 'going in front, taking precedence'.)</span>

|mdlsjtxt=<br /><b class="num">I.</b> an old man, Lat. [[senex]], (the [[prose]] [[form]] is πρεσβύτησ), Soph., Eur.:— ὁ [[πρέσβυς]] is used [[much]] like ὁ [[πρεσβύτερος]], the [[elder]], Aesch.:—pl. πρέσβεις, [[elders]], [[always]] implying [[dignity]], chiefs, princes, Aesch.; epic πρέσβηες Hes.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> Hom. uses only the comp. and Sup., comp. [[πρεσβύτερος]], α, ον, [[elder]], [[older]], Il., Hdt., Pind., [[attic]]; ἐνιαυτῷ by a [[year]], Ar.; βουλαὶ πρεσβύτεραι the [[wise]] councils of age, Pind.;—Sup. πρεσβύτατος, η, ον, [[eldest]], Il., Hes., etc.: —the comp. and Sup. were used of things, πρεσβύτερόν τι (or οὐδὲν) ἔχειν = Lat. [[aliquid]] (or [[nihil]]) antiquius habere, to [[deem]] [[higher]], [[more]] [[important]], τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ πρεσβύτερα ποιεῖσθαι ἢ τὰ τῶν [[ἀνδρῶν]] Hdt.; πρεσβύτατον κρίνειν τι Thuc.; πρεσβυτέρως γυμναστικὴν μουσικῆς τετιμηκέναι [[more]] [[highly]] [[than]] . . , Plat.: —[[hence]], [[merely]] of [[magnitude]], πρεσβύτερον κακὸν κακοῦ one [[evil]] greater [[than]] [[another]], Soph.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> like [[πρεσβευτής]], an [[ambassador]], Aesch., Ar.;—pl. πρέσβεις is [[more]] used [[than]] πρεσβευταί, Ar., Xen., etc.<br /><b class="num">III.</b> a [[chief]], [[president]]: comp. [[πρεσβύτερος]], an [[elder]] of the Jewish Council, NTest., etc.: an [[elder]] of the Church, [[presbyter]], NTest.