υἱός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ (written <b class="b3">ϝηιός</b> in <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> Ἀρχ. Ἐφ. <span class="bibl">1931.103</span> (Nemea, vi B. C.)), declined regul. <b class="b3">υἱοῦ, υἱῷ, υἱόν</b>, but in Att. Inscrr. only after <span class="bibl">350</span> B.C. (exc. υἱός <span class="title">IG</span>12.529,530, 598, 625; <b class="b3">ὑός</b> ib. 585, 828; <b class="b3">ὑόν</b>ib.70.8), and then always so: —in earlier Att. and other Inscrr. inflected as a ῠ-stem (like <b class="b3">πῆχυς</b>), nom. <b class="b3">υἱύς</b> (written <b class="b2">huihus</b>) Klein <b class="b2">Vasen mit Meister-signaturen</b> 72 (<span class="title">Brit.Mus.Cat.</span>701) (ὑύς <span class="title">IG</span>12.571, 670, 686; contr. <b class="b3">ὕς</b> ib.663); gen. <b class="b3">υἱέος</b> (ὑέος <span class="title">IG</span>22.4883); dat. <b class="b3">υἱεῖ</b>: dual υἱεῖ <span class="bibl">Lys.19.46</span>, written ηυιε in <span class="title">IG</span>12.775 (corrupted to <b class="b3">υἱέε</b> in <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>20a</span> cod. B), <b class="b3">υἱέοιν</b>: pl. <b class="b3">υἱεῖς</b> (ὑεῖς <span class="title">IG</span>12.115.14, al.), <b class="b3">υἱέων, υἱέσι</b> (<span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>571</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Nu.</span>1001</span> (anap.)), <b class="b3">ὑέ[σιν</b>] (<span class="title">IG</span>12.54.14), <b class="b3">υἱεῖς</b> (ὑεῖς <span class="title">IG</span>22.1.73): but gen. <b class="b3">υἱέως</b>, and acc. <b class="b3">υἱέα, υἱέας</b>, which are formed as though from nom. <b class="b3">Υἱεύς</b>, are rejected by Phryn.48,49, Thom.Mag.p.367 R., as not Att., though the two latter forms are used by later writers (as υἱέα <span class="bibl">Euph. 5</span>, <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>16</span>, ὑέα <span class="title">IG</span>42(1).244.4 (Epid., ii B. C.), but <b class="b3">υἱέως</b> is f. l. in <span class="bibl">Th.1.13</span>, <span class="bibl">J.<span class="title">AJ</span>18.2.4</span>, etc.): dat. pl. <b class="b3">υἱεῦσιν</b> is mentioned as a form that would be regular by <span class="bibl">Eust.1348.27</span>:—Homer uses nom. <b class="b3">υἱός</b> (very freq.); gen. <b class="b3">υἱοῦ</b> only in <span class="bibl">Od.22.238</span>, elsewh. <b class="b3">υἱέος;</b> dat. <b class="b3">υἱέϊ</b> or <b class="b3">υἱεῖ;</b> acc. υἱέα <span class="bibl">Il.13.350</span> (cf. <span class="title">IGRom.</span>4.360.29 (Pergam., hex.)), elsewh. <b class="b3">υἱόν</b> (very freq.): pl., nom. υἱέες <span class="bibl">Il.5.10</span>, al., or υἱεῖς <span class="bibl">Od.15.248</span>, <span class="bibl">24.387</span>,<span class="bibl">497</span>; gen. υἱῶν <span class="bibl">Il.21.587</span>, <span class="bibl">22.44</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.24.223</span>; dat. <b class="b3">υἱοῖσι</b> (ν) only <span class="bibl">Od.19.418</span>, <b class="b3">υἱάσι</b> (ν) <span class="bibl">Il.5.463</span>, al. (never <b class="b3">υἱέσι</b>); acc. <b class="b3">υἱέας</b> ib.<span class="bibl">149</span>, al.:— he also uses the shorter forms, gen. <b class="b3">υἷος, υἷι, υἷα</b>, dual <b class="b3">υἷε</b> (distd. from the voc. sg. <b class="b3">υἱέ</b> by the accent), pl. <b class="b3">υἷες, υἷας;</b> but these were confined to Ep.: their accentuation (in which codd. agree with Hdn.Gr.<span class="bibl">1.409</span>) may preserve a trace of their Aeolic origin (v. infr.). The declension <b class="b3">υἱῆος, υἱῆϊ, υἱῆα, υἱῆες, υἱήεσσι, υἱῆας</b> (like <b class="b3">βασιλῆος</b>, etc., as though from <b class="b3">υἱεύς</b>), belongs solely to later Ep. poets, as <span class="bibl">A.R.2.1093</span>,<span class="bibl">1119</span>, Nic.<span class="title">Fr.</span>110, <span class="title">AP</span>9.23 (Antip.), etc. Dialect Inscrr. have the foll. archaic forms, nom. υἱύς <span class="title">IG</span>5 (1).720 (Lacon.), <span class="title">Leg.Gort.</span>12.17 (υιυις lapis); acc. υἱύν <span class="title">Inscr.Olymp.</span>30, <span class="title">Leg.Gort.</span>10.15; gen. <b class="b3">υἱέος</b> ib.6.3, <span class="title">Schwyzer</span> 105 (Methana, vi B. C.); but υἱοῦ <span class="title">IG</span>9(1).867 (Corc., vii B. C.); nom. pl. υἱέες <span class="title">Leg.Gort.</span>7.25; acc. pl. <b class="b3">υἱύνς</b> ib. 4.40, <span class="title">IG</span>12.407 (Cret. or Argive); dat. pl. υἱάσι <span class="title">Leg.Gort.</span>4.37 (as in Hom., influenced by <b class="b3">θυγατράσι, πατράσι</b>, which have ρα = <b class="b2">ṛ</b>, cf. Skt. <b class="b2">pitṛ[snull ]u</b>); ὑέεσσι <span class="title">IG</span>14.10 (Syrac.); <b class="b3">υἷος</b> in <span class="title">SIG</span>55 (Thessaly, v B. C.) is perh. the Aeol. gen. (<b class="b3">ὑός</b> is nom. rather than gen. in <span class="title">IG</span>12.828); acc. ὗα <span class="title">Schwyzer</span> 625 (Mytil., ii/i B. C.); a nom. <b class="b3">ὑϊς</b> (scanned - ) <span class="title">IG</span>12.472 (Boeotia, vi B. C.), cf. <span class="bibl">Simon.249</span> (v. infr.); nom. pl. ὗες <span class="title">IG</span>22.3632.24 (hex., Eleusis, ii A. D.). The initial syll. is both <b class="b3">υἱ</b>-and <b class="b3">ὑ</b>-in Att. Inscrr. down to 400 B.C. (e. g. ὑεῖς <span class="title">IG</span>12.115.14, <b class="b3">ὑέ[σιν]</b> ib.54.14, <b class="b3">ὑόν</b> v. supr.), afterwards <b class="b3">ὑ-</b>, but <b class="b3">υἱός</b> reappears under the Empire; in Plato cod. A usually has <b class="b3">ὑιος</b>, which is found also in T, cod. B always has <b class="b3">υἱός</b>, editors restore <b class="b3">ὑός;</b> acc. <b class="b3">υἱόν</b> is recommended by Phryn. l. c.; in Inscrr. of Pergamon, Magnesia, and Delphi, and in non-literary Papyri, <b class="b3">ὑός</b> is at all times less common than <b class="b3">υἱός</b>:—<b class="b3">ὁ υεἱός</b> <span class="title">CIG</span> (add.) 3857p; dat. <b class="b3">υεἱῷ</b> ib.3846z82 (both Phrygia), cf. <span class="title">BCH</span>11.471:—<b class="b2">son</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.6.366</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">υἱὸν ποιεῖσθαί τινα</b> to adopt as <b class="b2">a son</b>, <span class="bibl">Aeschin.2.28</span>; <b class="b3">υἱεῖς ἄνδρες</b> grown-up <b class="b2">sons</b>, <span class="bibl">D. 25.88</span>: metaph., <b class="b3">Κόρον Ὕβριος υἱόν</b> Orac. ap. <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.77</span>: rarely of animals, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>21.5</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> periphr., <b class="b3">υἷες Ἀχαιῶν</b>, for <b class="b3">Ἀχαιοί</b>, <span class="bibl">Il. 1.162</span>, al.; cf. παῖς <span class="bibl">1.3</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> generally, <b class="b2">child</b>, and so <b class="b3">υἱ. ἄρρην</b> male <b class="b2">child</b>, Apoc.12.5, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PSI</span>9.1039.36</span> (iii A. D.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> freq. in LXX in periphrases (Hebraisms with various meanings), υἱὸς ἐτῶν ἑκατόν 100 <b class="b2">years old, Ge</b>.11.10, al.; υἱοὶ ἀδικίας <span class="bibl"><span class="title">2 Ki.</span>7.10</span>; υἱοὶ θανατώσεως <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ki.</span> 26.16</span>; υἱοὶ τῶν συμμίζεων <b class="b2">hostages</b>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">4 Ki.</span>14.14</span>; so υἱὸς εἰρήνης <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>10.6</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> in some dialects, including the Ion. Prose of Hdt., <b class="b3">υἱός</b> is replaced by <b class="b3">παῖς</b>: <b class="b3">υἱός</b> is rare in Trag., <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>609</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Fr.</span> 320</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>1689</span> (anap.), al., and <span class="bibl">7</span> times in S.: Hom. has both words in this sense. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> as a general term of affection, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PGiss.</span>68.2</span> (ii A. D.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>1219.2</span> (iii A. D.); <b class="b3">υἱέ</b>, an author's address to the reader, <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Pr.</span>1.8</span>, al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">7</span> <b class="b3">δάμου υἱός, υἱὸς πόλεως, Ἑλλάδος</b>, as titles of honour, <span class="title">SIG</span>804.10 (Cos, i A. D.), 813<b class="b2">A,B</b> (Delph., i A. D.), 854 (Eleusis, i A. D.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">8</span> <b class="b3">υἱοὶ ἀνθρώπων</b> <b class="b2">sons</b> of men, periphr. for <b class="b2">men</b> (cf. supr. 2,4), <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Ps.</span>89(90).3</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ υἱοὶ τῶν ἀ</b>. ib.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ge.</span>11.5</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Marc.</span>3.28</span>; υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου <b class="b2">man</b>, <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Ez.</span>2.1</span>,<span class="bibl">3</span>, al.; of the Messiah, ib.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Da.</span>7.13</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Apoc.</span>14.14</span>; used by Jesus of himself, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>8.20</span>, al. (by Stephen recalling the words of Jesus, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>7.56</span>). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">9</span> <b class="b3">υἱοὶ Θεοῦ</b> <b class="b2">sons</b> of God, implying <b class="b2">inheritors of the nature</b> of God (cf. supr. <span class="bibl">4</span>), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>5.9</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">45</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>6.35</span>; implying <b class="b2">participants in the glory</b> of God, ib.<span class="bibl">20.36</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> of Jesus, <b class="b3">τὸ γεννώμενον κληθήσεται υἱὸς Θεοῦ</b> ib. <span class="bibl">1.35</span>; <b class="b3">ὁ Χριστός, ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ</b>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>26.63</span>, cf.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Jo.</span>1.34</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> <b class="b3">Θεοῦ υἱός</b>, = Lat. <span class="title">Divi</span> (sc. <span class="title">Caesaris</span>) <b class="b2">filius</b>, patronymic of Augustus, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>543.3</span> (<span class="bibl">27</span> B.C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span>382.21</span> (i B. C.), <span class="title">IG</span>12(3).174.2 (Epist. ad Cnidios, 5 A. D.). [Hom.sts. has the first syll. short in nom., voc. and acc. sg., οὐδὲ Δρύαντος υἱός <span class="bibl">Il.6.130</span>; Ἀμφιτρύωνος υἱός <span class="bibl">Od.11.270</span>; Ποδῆς υἱὸς Ἠετίωνος <span class="bibl">Il.17.575</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">590</span>; Ἀνθεμίωνος υἱόν <span class="bibl">4.473</span>; Σελάγου υἱόν <span class="bibl">5.612</span>; Ἕκτορ, υἱὲ Πριάμοιο <span class="bibl">7.47</span>; and <b class="b3">Πηλῆος υἱός, Μηκιστῆος υἱός</b> seem to be the better readings in <span class="bibl">1.489</span>, <span class="bibl">2.566</span>: in these places some other form ought perh. to be restored, but none of the known forms has a short ῠ: <b class="b3">ὑός</b> has ῡ in <span class="title">IG</span>12.585 (vi B. C.), 828 (v B. C.), 2.2338, 22.4319 (both iv B. C.); Simon.l.c. seems to have used a monosyll. nom. <b class="b3">υἷς</b>, and Hdn.Gr. may have read it as <b class="b3">ὕις</b> (), but this is uncertain, as in Sch.<span class="bibl">Il.5.266</span> he seems to say that <b class="b3">ὕις</b> (<b class="b3">υἷις</b> cod.) does not occur.] (Prob. from <b class="b2">*sū-yú-s</b>, cf. Skt. <b class="b2">sūte</b> 'procreate', Tocharian (A-dial.) <b class="b2">se</b>, (B-dial.) <b class="b2">soyä</b> 'son'; different suffix in <b class="b2">*sū-nu-s</b>, Skt. <b class="b2">sūnūs</b>, etc., and in <b class="b2">*sǔ-nu-s</b>, OE. <b class="b2">sunu</b>, etc. (all = <b class="b2">son</b>); <b class="b2">*sūyú-</b> perh. became <b class="b2">*sǔwyú-</b>, then <b class="b2">*suiwú-;</b> <b class="b3">υἱός</b> and <b class="b3">υἱόν</b> perh. by dissimilation from <b class="b3">υἱύς υἱύν</b>, since the o-stem forms appear first where υ-υ would otherwise be repeated; <b class="b3">ὗϊς</b> (ὑΐς) may be another dissimilation; the precise origin of <b class="b3">υἷος υἷι υἷες</b> etc. is uncertain.)</span>