σκήπτομαι: Difference between revisions

2b
(2b)
 
(2b)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{etym
{{etym
|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">to support oneself, to lean, to pretend something, to use as a pretention</b>, <b class="b3">σκήπτω</b>, fut. <b class="b3">σκήψω</b>, aor. <b class="b3">σκῆψαι</b>, pass. <b class="b3">σκηφθῆναι</b>, perf. <b class="b3">ἐπ-έσκηφα</b>, pass. <b class="b3">ἐπ-έσκημμαι</b> <b class="b2">to throw down, to sling</b>, intr. <b class="b2">to throw oneself down, to fall down</b>, often w. prefix (almost only act.), <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐν-</b> (IA.); <b class="b3">ἐπι-σκήπτω</b> also <b class="b2">to impose, to command</b>, midd. (Att. juridical language) <b class="b2">to object, to prosecute, to raise a complaint</b>.<br />Other forms: Fut. <b class="b3">σκήψομαι</b>, aor. <b class="b3">σκήψασθαι</b>.<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">σκῆψις</b> f. [[excuse]], [[pretention]], [[pretext]] (IA.), <b class="b3">ἐπίσκηψις</b> f. [[objection]], [[complaint]] (Att.); <b class="b3">ἀπόσκημμα ἀπέρεισμα</b> H. (A. Fr. 18 = 265 M.), <b class="b3">ἐπίσκημμα</b> = <b class="b3">ἐπίσκηψις</b> (Lex. Rhet. Cant.). Further several expressions for <b class="b2">stick etc.</b>: 1. <b class="b3">σκᾶπος κλάδος</b>, <b class="b3">καὶ ἄνεμος ποιός</b> H. (on the last-mentioned des. s. <b class="b3">σκηπτός</b>). 2. <b class="b3">σκηπ-άνη</b> f. (AB) with <b class="b3">-άνιον</b> n. [[stick]], [[scepter]] (Ν 59, Σ 247, Call. Fr. anon. 48, AP), <b class="b3">σκαπάνιον βακτηρία</b>, <b class="b3">ἄλλοι σκίπωνα</b> H. 3. <b class="b3">σκᾶπτον</b> n. (Dor.) <b class="b2">id.</b> (Pi.), IA. <b class="b3">σκῆπτον</b> in <b class="b3">σκηπτ-οῦχος</b> <b class="b2">stick-, scepter-bearer</b> = [[ruler]] (Hom. a. o.), with the Persians a. other Asiat. peoples who has a high office at the court (Semon., X a. o.) with <b class="b3">-ία</b> f. (A. a. o.). 4. <b class="b3">σκῆπτρον</b> n. <b class="b2">id.</b> (ep. poet. Il.; like <b class="b3">βάκτρον</b> a. o., Schwyzer 532 w. lit., Chantraine Form. 331); on the meaning etc. see Combellack ClassJourn. 43, 209ff., Gatti Acme 2 : 3, 23 ff. On itself, with deviant meaning 5. <b class="b3">σκηπτός</b> m. <b class="b2">thunderbolt, lightning, suddenly breaking storm</b> (trag., X., D., Arist. a. o.); cf. <b class="b3">φρυκτός</b>, <b class="b3">στρεπ-τός</b>; s. also below.<br />Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably] Eur. substr.<br />Etymology: With <b class="b3">σκήπτω</b> : <b class="b3">σκῆψαι</b> : <b class="b3">σκᾶπος</b> cf. e.g. <b class="b3">κόπτω</b> : <b class="b3">κόψαι</b> : <b class="b3">κόπος</b>, <b class="b3">τύπτω</b> : <b class="b3">τύψαι</b> : <b class="b3">τύπος</b>. The yot-present <b class="b3">σκήπτω</b> is formally easily understandable as deriv. of a noun <b class="b3">σκᾶπος</b> (<b class="b3">*σκάψ</b>?) [[stick]]; so prop. *'handle with the stick, supporting, driving or swinging' (Walde LEW2 s. [[scāpus]], Persson Beitr. 2, 941, WP. 2, 561)?; semant. possible, though not immediately clear. Then not only <b class="b3">σκᾶπος</b>, but also <b class="b3">σκηπάνη</b>, <b class="b3">-άνιον</b>, <b class="b3">σκᾶπτον</b> and <b class="b3">σκῆπτρον</b> would have to be registered with the s. <b class="b3">σκάπτω</b> discussed manyfold expressions for <b class="b2">plane, hew, dig etc.</b>; only for <b class="b3">σκηπτός</b> (as for <b class="b3">σκῆψις</b>, <b class="b3">σκῆμμα</b>) one would have to start, because of the meaning, from the denominative <b class="b3">σκήπτω</b> (even from the presentstem?). In the sense of <b class="b3">ἄνεμος ποιός</b>' (H.) <b class="b3">σκᾶπος</b> would have been influnced by <b class="b3">σκηπτός</b>. A primary <b class="b3">σκήπτω</b> with the meaning [[support]] (from where then <b class="b3">σκᾶπος</b> as *'support' etc.) would be without non-Greek support. The Greek system with permanent full grade is in any case an innovation; the for <b class="b3">σκᾶπτον</b>, <b class="b3">σκῆπτ(ρ)ον</b> epected zero grade may be found in the Germ. word for [[shaft]], [[spear]], [[lance]], OHG [[skaft]] m., OWNo. [[skapt]] n. a. o.; cf. anal. <b class="b3">πηκτός</b> beside old Ion. <b class="b3">πακτόω</b> (s. [[πήγνυμι]]). -- With <b class="b3">σκᾶπος</b> can be equated Lat. [[scāpus]] [[shaft]], [[stalk]] and Alb. [[shkop]] [[stick]], [[sceptre]]. Other longvowel forms, for Greek uninteresting, are: with [[ō]] Lat. [[scōpa]] <b class="b2">thin twig</b>, [[scōpiō]] <b class="b2">the stalk, from which hang the berries of the wine-grapes</b>; with [[ē]] CS. [[štapъ]] [[stick]]; unclear Latv. <b class="b2">šk̨èps</b> [[spear]], [[javelin]] (cf. Vasmer s. [[štap]]; diff. W. Hofmann s. [[scāpus]]). Further rich material with partly hypothetical or doubtful combinations and extensive lit. in WP. 2, 561 f., Pok. 932; on Greek esp. Solmsen Wortforsch. 206 ff. -- Not here <b class="b3">σκίπων</b> and [[σκίμπτομαι]]. -- The word could be IE (<b class="b2">*sk(e)h₂p-</b>, but I think also of a loan from a Eur. substrate; cf. the discussion on [[σκάπτω]].
|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">to support oneself, to lean, to pretend something, to use as a pretention</b>, <b class="b3">σκήπτω</b>, fut. <b class="b3">σκήψω</b>, aor. <b class="b3">σκῆψαι</b>, pass. <b class="b3">σκηφθῆναι</b>, perf. <b class="b3">ἐπ-έσκηφα</b>, pass. <b class="b3">ἐπ-έσκημμαι</b> <b class="b2">to throw down, to sling</b>, intr. <b class="b2">to throw oneself down, to fall down</b>, often w. prefix (almost only act.), <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐν-</b> (IA.); <b class="b3">ἐπι-σκήπτω</b> also <b class="b2">to impose, to command</b>, midd. (Att. juridical language) <b class="b2">to object, to prosecute, to raise a complaint</b>.<br />Other forms: Fut. <b class="b3">σκήψομαι</b>, aor. <b class="b3">σκήψασθαι</b>.<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">σκῆψις</b> f. [[excuse]], [[pretention]], [[pretext]] (IA.), <b class="b3">ἐπίσκηψις</b> f. [[objection]], [[complaint]] (Att.); <b class="b3">ἀπόσκημμα ἀπέρεισμα</b> H. (A. Fr. 18 = 265 M.), <b class="b3">ἐπίσκημμα</b> = <b class="b3">ἐπίσκηψις</b> (Lex. Rhet. Cant.). Further several expressions for <b class="b2">stick etc.</b>: 1. <b class="b3">σκᾶπος κλάδος</b>, <b class="b3">καὶ ἄνεμος ποιός</b> H. (on the last-mentioned des. s. <b class="b3">σκηπτός</b>). 2. <b class="b3">σκηπ-άνη</b> f. (AB) with <b class="b3">-άνιον</b> n. [[stick]], [[scepter]] (Ν 59, Σ 247, Call. Fr. anon. 48, AP), <b class="b3">σκαπάνιον βακτηρία</b>, <b class="b3">ἄλλοι σκίπωνα</b> H. 3. <b class="b3">σκᾶπτον</b> n. (Dor.) <b class="b2">id.</b> (Pi.), IA. <b class="b3">σκῆπτον</b> in <b class="b3">σκηπτ-οῦχος</b> <b class="b2">stick-, scepter-bearer</b> = [[ruler]] (Hom. a. o.), with the Persians a. other Asiat. peoples who has a high office at the court (Semon., X a. o.) with <b class="b3">-ία</b> f. (A. a. o.). 4. <b class="b3">σκῆπτρον</b> n. <b class="b2">id.</b> (ep. poet. Il.; like <b class="b3">βάκτρον</b> a. o., Schwyzer 532 w. lit., Chantraine Form. 331); on the meaning etc. see Combellack ClassJourn. 43, 209ff., Gatti Acme 2 : 3, 23 ff. On itself, with deviant meaning 5. <b class="b3">σκηπτός</b> m. <b class="b2">thunderbolt, lightning, suddenly breaking storm</b> (trag., X., D., Arist. a. o.); cf. <b class="b3">φρυκτός</b>, <b class="b3">στρεπ-τός</b>; s. also below.<br />Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably] Eur. substr.<br />Etymology: With <b class="b3">σκήπτω</b> : <b class="b3">σκῆψαι</b> : <b class="b3">σκᾶπος</b> cf. e.g. <b class="b3">κόπτω</b> : <b class="b3">κόψαι</b> : <b class="b3">κόπος</b>, <b class="b3">τύπτω</b> : <b class="b3">τύψαι</b> : <b class="b3">τύπος</b>. The yot-present <b class="b3">σκήπτω</b> is formally easily understandable as deriv. of a noun <b class="b3">σκᾶπος</b> (<b class="b3">*σκάψ</b>?) [[stick]]; so prop. *'handle with the stick, supporting, driving or swinging' (Walde LEW2 s. [[scāpus]], Persson Beitr. 2, 941, WP. 2, 561)?; semant. possible, though not immediately clear. Then not only <b class="b3">σκᾶπος</b>, but also <b class="b3">σκηπάνη</b>, <b class="b3">-άνιον</b>, <b class="b3">σκᾶπτον</b> and <b class="b3">σκῆπτρον</b> would have to be registered with the s. <b class="b3">σκάπτω</b> discussed manyfold expressions for <b class="b2">plane, hew, dig etc.</b>; only for <b class="b3">σκηπτός</b> (as for <b class="b3">σκῆψις</b>, <b class="b3">σκῆμμα</b>) one would have to start, because of the meaning, from the denominative <b class="b3">σκήπτω</b> (even from the presentstem?). In the sense of <b class="b3">ἄνεμος ποιός</b>' (H.) <b class="b3">σκᾶπος</b> would have been influnced by <b class="b3">σκηπτός</b>. A primary <b class="b3">σκήπτω</b> with the meaning [[support]] (from where then <b class="b3">σκᾶπος</b> as *'support' etc.) would be without non-Greek support. The Greek system with permanent full grade is in any case an innovation; the for <b class="b3">σκᾶπτον</b>, <b class="b3">σκῆπτ(ρ)ον</b> epected zero grade may be found in the Germ. word for [[shaft]], [[spear]], [[lance]], OHG [[skaft]] m., OWNo. [[skapt]] n. a. o.; cf. anal. <b class="b3">πηκτός</b> beside old Ion. <b class="b3">πακτόω</b> (s. [[πήγνυμι]]). -- With <b class="b3">σκᾶπος</b> can be equated Lat. [[scāpus]] [[shaft]], [[stalk]] and Alb. [[shkop]] [[stick]], [[sceptre]]. Other longvowel forms, for Greek uninteresting, are: with [[ō]] Lat. [[scōpa]] <b class="b2">thin twig</b>, [[scōpiō]] <b class="b2">the stalk, from which hang the berries of the wine-grapes</b>; with [[ē]] CS. [[štapъ]] [[stick]]; unclear Latv. <b class="b2">šk̨èps</b> [[spear]], [[javelin]] (cf. Vasmer s. [[štap]]; diff. W. Hofmann s. [[scāpus]]). Further rich material with partly hypothetical or doubtful combinations and extensive lit. in WP. 2, 561 f., Pok. 932; on Greek esp. Solmsen Wortforsch. 206 ff. -- Not here <b class="b3">σκίπων</b> and [[σκίμπτομαι]]. -- The word could be IE (<b class="b2">*sk(e)h₂p-</b>, but I think also of a loan from a Eur. substrate; cf. the discussion on [[σκάπτω]].
}}
{{FriskDe
|ftr='''σκήπτομαι''': {skḗptomai}<br />'''Forms''': Fut. σκήψομαι, Aor. σκήψασθαι;<br />'''Grammar''': v.<br />'''Meaning''': ‘sich stützen, sich lehnen, etwas vorschützen, zum Vorwand gebrauchen’, [[σκήπτω]], Fut. σκήψω, Aor. σκῆψαι, Pass. σκηφθῆναι, Perf. ἐπέσκηφα, Pass. ἐπέσκημμαι [[hinwerfen]], [[schleudern]], intr. [[sich hinwerfen]], [[hinstürzen]], oft m. Präfix (fast nur Akt.), κατα-, ἐπι-, ἀπο-, ἐν- (ion. att.); [[ἐπισκήπτω]] auch [[auferlegen]], [[befehlen]], Med. (att. Rechtssprache) [[sich auflehnen]], [[belangen]], [[Klage erheben]].<br />'''Derivative''': Davon [[σκῆψις]] f. [[Stützgrund]], [[Vorwand]], [[Entschuldigung]] (ion. att.), [[ἐπίσκηψις]] f. [[Auflehnung]], [[Klage]] (att.); [[ἀπόσκημμα]]· [[ἀπέρεισμα]] H. (A. ''Fr''. 18 = 265 M.), [[ἐπίσκημμα]] = [[ἐπίσκηψις]] (''Lex''. ''Rhet''. ''Cant''.). Außerdem mehrere Ausdrücke für [[Stab]]: 1. [[σκᾶπος]]· [[κλάδος]], καὶ [[ἄνεμος]] [[ποιός]] H. (zur letztgen. Ben. s. [[σκηπτός]]). 2. [[σκηπάνη]] f. (''AB'') mit -άνιον n. [[Stab]], [[Zepter]] (Ν 59, Σ 247, Kall. ''Fr''. ''anon''. 48, ''AP''), [[σκαπάνιον]]· [[βακτηρία]], ἄλλοι σκίπωνα H. 3. [[σκᾶπτον]] n. (dor.) ib. (Pi.), ion. att. [[σκῆπτον]] in [[σκηπτοῦχος]] ‘Stab-, Zepterträger’ = [[Herrscher]] (Hom. u. a.), bei den Persern u. anderen asiat. Völkern Inhaber eines hohen Hofamts (Semon., X u. a.) mit -ία f. (A. u. a.). 4. [[σκῆπτρον]] n. ib. (ep. poet. seit Il.; wie [[βάκτρον]] u. a., Schwyzer 532 m. Lit., Chantraine Form. 331); zur Bed. usw. noch Combellack ClassJourn. 43, 209ff., Gatti Acme 2 : 3, 23 ff. Für sich, mit abweichender Bed. 5. [[σκηπτός]] m. [[Donnerkeil]], [[Blitz]], [[plötzlich hereinbrechender Sturmwind]] (Trag., X., D., Arist. u. a.); vgl. [[φρυκτός]], [[στρεπτός]]; s. auch unten.<br />'''Etymology''' : Zu [[σκήπτω]] : σκῆψαι : [[σκᾶπος]] vgl. z.B. [[κόπτω]] : κόψαι : [[κόπος]], [[τύπτω]] : [[τύψαι]] : [[τύπος]]. Das Jotpräsens [[σκήπτω]] ist formal als Ableitung eines Nomens [[σκᾶπος]] (*σκάψ?) [[Stock]] leicht verständlich; somit eig. *’mit dem Stock hantieren, stützend, treibend oder schwingend’ (Walde LEW<sup>2</sup> s. ''scāpus'', Persson Beitr. 2, 941, WP. 2, 561)?; semantisch möglich, wenn auch nicht unmittelbar einleuchtend. Dann wären nicht nur [[σκᾶπος]], sondern auch [[σκηπάνη]], -άνιον, [[σκᾶπτον]] und [[σκῆπτρον]] bei den s. [[σκάπτω]] besprochenen vielgestaltigen Ausdrücken für [[schaben]], [[hauen]], [[graben]] unterzubringen; nur für [[σκηπτός]] (wie für [[σκῆψις]], σκῆμμα) wäre wegen der Bed. von dem denominativen [[σκήπτω]] (sogar vom Präsensstamm?) auszugehen. Im Sinn von ’[[ἄνεμος]] [[ποιός]]’ (H.) wäre [[σκᾶπος]] von [[σκηπτός]] beeinflußt (oder damit vermischt?) worden. Ein primäres [[σκήπτω]] der Bed. ‘stützen, sich mit Nachdruck auf etwas werfen, schleudern’ (wovon dann [[σκᾶπος]] als *’Stütze’ usw.) würde anderseits ohne außergriech. Anhalt sein. Das griech. System mit durchgehender Hochstufe ist sowieso eine Neuerung; die für [[σκᾶπτον]], σκῆπτ(ρ)ον erwartete Tiefstufe kann im germ. Wort für [[Schaft]], [[Speer]], [[Lanze]], ahd. ''skaft'' m., awno. ''skapt'' n. u. a., vorliegen; vgl. anal. [[πηκτός]] gegenüber altem. ion. [[πακτόω]] (s. [[πήγνυμι]]). — Mit [[σκᾶπος]] lassen sich lat. ''scāpus'' [[Schaft]], [[Stiel]], [[Stengel]], [[Stamm]] und alb. ''shkop'' [[Stock]], [[Zepter]] gleichsetzen. Andere langvokalige Formen, fürs Griech. ohne Interesse, sind: mit ''ō'' lat. ''scōpa'' [[dünner Zweig]], ''scōpiō'' [[der Stiel]], [[an dem die Beeren der Weintrauben hängen]]; mit ''ē'' kslav. ''štapъ'' [[Stock]]; unklar lett. ''šk̨èps'' [[Speer]], [[Spieß]] (vgl. Vasmer s. ''štap''; anders W. Hofmann s. ''scāpus''). Weiteres reiches Material mit z.T. hypothetischen oder fragwürdigen Kombinationen und ausführl. Lit. bei WP. 2, 561 f., Pok. 932; zum Griech. bes. Solmsen Wortforsch. 206 ff. — Vgl. [[σκίπων]] und [[σκίμπτομαι]].<br />'''Page''' 2,728-729
}}
}}