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|etymtx=Grammatical information: m. pl.,<br />Meaning: [[kidneys]] (IA.),<br />Other forms: also du. <b class="b3">νεφρώ</b> (Ar. Ra. 475), rarely sg. <b class="b3">νεφρός</b>.<br />Compounds: As 2. member in <b class="b3">περί-νεφρος</b> <b class="b2">fat around the kidneys</b> (Arist.).<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">νεφρία</b> n. pl. <b class="b2">id.</b> (pap. II--IIIp); <b class="b3">νεφρ-ίτης σφόνδυλος</b> <b class="b2">first vertebra of the sacrum</b> (Poll.; Redard 101), <b class="b3">-ῖτις</b> (<b class="b3">νόσος</b>) f. <b class="b2">disease of the kinneys</b> (Hp., Th.) with <b class="b3">-ιτικός</b> <b class="b2">suffering of νεφρῖτις, healing the ν.</b> (medic.); <b class="b3">νεφρ-ώδης</b> <b class="b2">kidney-like</b> (Arist.), <b class="b3">-ιαῖος</b> <b class="b2">belonging to the kidneys</b> (Dsc.; Chantraine Form. 49); hypostasis <b class="b3">ἐπινεφρ-ίδιος</b> <b class="b2">on the kidneys</b> (<b class="b3">δημός</b>, Φ 204).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [not in Pok. (cf. 319)] <b class="b2">*negʷʰro-</b> [[kidney]].<br />Etymology: With <b class="b3">νεφροί</b> belong in the first place the glosses given by Festus [[nefrōnēs]] (Praeneste), [[nebrundinēs]] (Lanuvium) [[kidneys]]. With the reconstructed IE <b class="b2">-bh</b> the Germ. word for [[kidney]], OHG [[nioro]], MEngl. [[nēre]] (also <b class="b2">kid-nēre</b> > [[kidney]]), OSwed. [[niūre]] etc., which requires an older <b class="b2">*neu̯ran-</b>, cannot be combined. Only if Germ. <b class="b2">-u̯-</b> can stand for a labiovelar (PGm. <b class="b2">-ʒu̯-</b>), it becomes possible, to connect the graecoital. forms under IE <b class="b2">*negʷhro-</b>. -- Both <b class="b3">ἀδήν</b>, [[inguen]] and Lat. [[rēnēs]] and OIr. [[āru]] [[kidney]] remain separated. -- Details in WP. 1, 133, Pok. 319, W.-Hofmann s. [[nefrōnēs]]. | |etymtx=Grammatical information: m. pl.,<br />Meaning: [[kidneys]] (IA.),<br />Other forms: also du. <b class="b3">νεφρώ</b> (Ar. Ra. 475), rarely sg. <b class="b3">νεφρός</b>.<br />Compounds: As 2. member in <b class="b3">περί-νεφρος</b> <b class="b2">fat around the kidneys</b> (Arist.).<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">νεφρία</b> n. pl. <b class="b2">id.</b> (pap. II--IIIp); <b class="b3">νεφρ-ίτης σφόνδυλος</b> <b class="b2">first vertebra of the sacrum</b> (Poll.; Redard 101), <b class="b3">-ῖτις</b> (<b class="b3">νόσος</b>) f. <b class="b2">disease of the kinneys</b> (Hp., Th.) with <b class="b3">-ιτικός</b> <b class="b2">suffering of νεφρῖτις, healing the ν.</b> (medic.); <b class="b3">νεφρ-ώδης</b> <b class="b2">kidney-like</b> (Arist.), <b class="b3">-ιαῖος</b> <b class="b2">belonging to the kidneys</b> (Dsc.; Chantraine Form. 49); hypostasis <b class="b3">ἐπινεφρ-ίδιος</b> <b class="b2">on the kidneys</b> (<b class="b3">δημός</b>, Φ 204).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [not in Pok. (cf. 319)] <b class="b2">*negʷʰro-</b> [[kidney]].<br />Etymology: With <b class="b3">νεφροί</b> belong in the first place the glosses given by Festus [[nefrōnēs]] (Praeneste), [[nebrundinēs]] (Lanuvium) [[kidneys]]. With the reconstructed IE <b class="b2">-bh</b> the Germ. word for [[kidney]], OHG [[nioro]], MEngl. [[nēre]] (also <b class="b2">kid-nēre</b> > [[kidney]]), OSwed. [[niūre]] etc., which requires an older <b class="b2">*neu̯ran-</b>, cannot be combined. Only if Germ. <b class="b2">-u̯-</b> can stand for a labiovelar (PGm. <b class="b2">-ʒu̯-</b>), it becomes possible, to connect the graecoital. forms under IE <b class="b2">*negʷhro-</b>. -- Both <b class="b3">ἀδήν</b>, [[inguen]] and Lat. [[rēnēs]] and OIr. [[āru]] [[kidney]] remain separated. -- Details in WP. 1, 133, Pok. 319, W.-Hofmann s. [[nefrōnēs]]. | ||
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|ftr='''νεφροί''': {nephroí}<br />'''Forms''': auch du. νεφρώ (Ar. ''Ra''. 475), selten sg. [[νεφρός]]<br />'''Grammar''': m. pl.,<br />'''Meaning''': ‘die Niere(n)’ (ion. att.).<br />'''Composita''' : Als Hinterglied in [[περίνεφρος]] [[fett um die Nieren]] (Arist.).<br />'''Derivative''': Davon νεφρία n. pl. ib. (Pap. II—III<sup>p</sup>); [[νεφρίτης]] [[σφόνδυλος]] [[erster Wirbel des Kranzbeins]] (Poll.; Redard 101), -ῖτις ([[νόσος]]) f. [[Nierenkrankheit]] (Hp., Th. u.a.) mit -ιτικός ‘an der [[νεφρῖτις]] leidend, die ν. heilend’ (Mediz.); [[νεφρώδης]] [[nierenähnlich]] (Arist.), -ιαῖος [[zu den Nieren gehörig]] (Dsk.; Chantraine Form. 49); Hypostase [[ἐπινεφρίδιος]] [[an den Nieren befindlich]] ([[δημός]], Φ 204).<br />'''Etymology''' : Zu νεφροί gehören in erster Linie die bei Festus überlieferten ital. Glossen ''nefrōnēs'' (Praeneste), ''nebrundinēs'' (Lanuvium) [[Nieren]]. Mit dem daraus zunächst zu erschließenden idg. -''bh- ''läßt sich indessen das germ. Wort für [[Niere]], ahd. ''nioro'', mengl. ''nēre'' (auch ''kid''-''nēre'' > ''kidney''), aschw. ''niūre'' usw., das ein älteres *''neu̯ran''- erfordert, nicht vereinigen. Nur wenn germ. -''u̯''- für einen labiovelaren Guttural steht (urg. -''ʒu̯''-), ergibt sich die Möglichkeit, auch die graecoital. Formen unter idg. *''negʷhro''- einzubeziehen. — Sowohl [[ἀδήν]], ''inguen'' wie lat. ''rēnēs'' und air. ''āru'' [[Niere]] bleiben fern. — Einzelheiten m. reicher Lit. bei WP. 1, 133, Pok. 319, W.-Hofmann s. ''nefrōnēs''.<br />'''Page''' 2,310 | |||
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