ξένος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ, Ep. and Ion. ξεῖνος (also freq. in <span class="bibl">Pi., <span class="title">N.</span>7.61</span>, al., used by Trag. metri gr. even in trim., mostly in voc., <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>33</span>, al., <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>798</span> codd., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">El.</span>247</span>), Aeol. ξέννος Hdn.Gr.<span class="bibl">2.302</span> ; scanned and written <b class="b3">ξεῖνος</b> in <span class="bibl">Theoc.28.6</span>, <span class="bibl">30.17</span> : Aeol. Sup. <b class="b3">ξεννότατος</b> Sch. Tz. in <span class="title">An. Ox.</span> 3.356.18 (sed v. fin.). <span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> <b class="b2">guest-friend</b>, applied to persons and states bound by a treaty or tie of hospitality, <span class="bibl">Od.1.313</span>, etc. ; ξεῖνοι δὲ… εὐχόμεθ' εἶναι ἐκ πατέρων φιλότητος <span class="bibl">15.196</span> ; ξ. πατρώϊός ἐσσι παλαιός <span class="bibl">Il.6.215</span> ; ξ. δ' ἀλλήλων πατρώϊοι εὐχόμεθ' εἶναι <span class="bibl">Od.1.187</span> ; φησὶ δ' Ὀδυσσῆος ξεῖνος πατρώϊος εἶναι <span class="bibl">17.522</span> ; later freq. coupled with φίλος, Πλούταρχος ὁ τούτου ξένος καὶ φίλος <span class="bibl">D.21.110</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">18.46</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>2.1.5</span>, <span class="bibl">Lys. 19.19</span> ; βασιλέως πατρικὸς ξ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Men.</span>78d</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> of parties giving or receiving hospitality, <span class="bibl">Od.8.145</span>, etc. ; mostly of the <b class="b2">guest</b>, opp. the host, <b class="b3">ξεινοδόκοι καὶ ξεῖνος</b> ib.<span class="bibl">543</span>, etc. ; <b class="b3">ἁ ξείνα</b> the <b class="b2">visitor</b>, <span class="bibl">Theoc.2.154</span> ; of <b class="b2">guests</b> at a club, opp. <b class="b3">σύνδειπνοι</b>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span>118.4</span> (ii B. C.) : less freq. of the <b class="b2">host</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.15.532</span>, <span class="bibl">A.R.1.208</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Rom.</span>16.23</span>, etc. : c. dat., ξεῖνός τινι <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.20</span>,<span class="bibl">22</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.2.13</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.1.10</span>, etc. ; also <b class="b3">ξ. τινός</b> ib. <span class="bibl">2.4.15</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">stranger</b>, esp. <b class="b2">wanderer, refugee</b> (under the protection of <b class="b3">Ζεὺς ξένιος</b>), sts. coupled with ἱκέτης, Ζεὺς ἐπιτιμήτωρ ἱκετάων τε ξείνων τε ξείνιος <span class="bibl">Od.9.270</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">8.546</span>; with πτωχός, πρὸς γὰρ Διός εἰσιν ἅπαντες ξεῖνοί τε πτωχοί τε <span class="bibl">6.208</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> generally, <b class="b2">stranger</b>, <b class="b2">foreigner</b>, opp. <b class="b3">ἔνδημος</b>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>225</span>; opp. <b class="b3">ἀστός</b>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>7.90</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>13</span>, <span class="bibl">And.4.10</span>, etc. ; πολιατᾶν καὶ ξ. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>1.51</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Th.</span>924</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span> 473d</span>, etc. ; opp. <b class="b3">ἐπιχώριος</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Men.</span>94d</span>: coupled with <b class="b3">μέτοικος</b>, <span class="bibl">Th. 4.90</span>, cf. <span class="title">IG</span>12.39.53 ; with <b class="b3">ἔπηλυς</b>, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Herm.</span>24</span> ; opp. a member of the family, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PMasp.</span>169.10</span> (vi A. D.), etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> as a term of address to any <b class="b2">stranger</b>, ὦ ξένε <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span>247</span>, <span class="bibl">Mosch.1.5</span>, etc. ; ὦ ξένη <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span> 204c</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> = [[βάρβαρος]], at Sparta, <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.11</span>,<span class="bibl">55</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> <b class="b2">hireling</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.14.102</span> ; esp. <b class="b2">mercenary soldier</b>, IG12.949.89, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.1.10</span>, <span class="bibl">D.18.152</span>, etc. ; ξ. ναυβάται <span class="bibl">Th.1.121</span> : rarely simply, <b class="b2">ally</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Lac.</span> 12.3</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">B</span> as Adj. ξένος, η, ον (also ος, ον <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>94</span>), Ion. ξεῖνος, η, ον, <b class="b2">foreign</b>, not in Hom. (in the phrases ξεῖνε πάτερ <span class="bibl">Od.7.28</span>, ἄνθρωποι ξεῖνοι <span class="bibl">Il.24.202</span>, both words are Subst.) ; freq. in later writers, ξείνα γαῖα <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.118</span> codd.; ξένης ἐπὶ χθονός <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1256</span> ; <b class="b3">γᾶς ἐπὶ ξένας</b> ib. <span class="bibl">1705</span> (lyr., cf. [[ξένη]]); <b class="b3">ἐν ξένῃσι χερσί</b> by <b class="b2">foreign</b> hands, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">El.</span>1141</span> ; <b class="b3">ξ. δόμοι, πόλις</b>, etc., <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>339</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">369</span>, etc. ; of <b class="b2">alien</b> property, ξ. ἄρουραι <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PMasp.</span>295.22</span> (vi A.D.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> c. gen. rei, <b class="b2">strange to</b> a thing, <b class="b2">unacquainted with, ignorant of</b> it, ξ. τοῦ λόγου <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>219</span>, cf. <span class="title">AP</span>4.3a.37 (Agath.); ξ. τῶν διαθηκῶν τῆς ἐπαγγελίας <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Eph.</span>2.12</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>405.12</span> (iv A. D.). Adv. <b class="b3">ξένως, ἔχω τῆς ἐνθάδε λέξεως</b> I am <b class="b2">a stranger to</b> the mode of speech, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>17d</span> ; ἔχειν τῆς διαλέκτου <span class="bibl">Them. <span class="title">Or.</span>21.253c</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b2">strange, unusual</b>, λόγοι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>688</span> (lyr.) ; τιμωρίαι <span class="bibl">Ti.Locr.104d</span> ; ποιεῖν ξένην τὴν διάλεκτον <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1404b11</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1415a7</span> ; οὐδὲν ξ. ἐν τῷ παντὶ ἀποτελεῖται <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Fr.</span>266</span> ; τοῖς νέοις ποιεῖν ξένα τὰ φαῦλα <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1336b34</span> ; ξένα ταῖς ὄψεσι <span class="bibl">D.S.3.15</span> ; <b class="b3">ὡς ξένου συμβαίνοντος</b> I <span class="title">Ep.Pet.</span>4.12 ; διδαχαὶ ποικίλαι καὶ ξ. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Hebr.</span>13.9</span> ; ξ. δαιμόνια <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>17.18</span> : Sup., πράξεων ὡς -οτάτων Phld.<span class="title">Herc.</span>1251.5 ; ξ. αὐτῷ δοκεῖ τὸ πρᾶγμα <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Cont.</span>13</span>, etc. Adv. ξένως, λαλεῖν Phld.<span class="title">P</span>0.5.12. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">τοῦ πνεύματος… ῥύσις ὡς -ωτάτη</b> air as <b class="b2">fresh</b> as possible, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Nat.Hom.</span>9</span>. (From <b class="b3">ξένϝος</b>, cf. πρόξενϝος <span class="title">IG</span>9(1).867, <b class="b3">Ξενϝάρης</b> ib.869, <b class="b3">Ξενϝοκλῆς, Ξένϝων</b>, ib.4.315,348 : hence it is improb. that the Aeol. form was <b class="b3">ξέννος</b>.) </span>

|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-02-0277.png Seite 277]] ὁ, ion. u. poet. [[ξεῖνος]], s. auch [[ξένη]], der<b class="b2"> Gast</b>; – 1) der <b class="b2">Gastfreund</b>, mit dem man sich zu gegenseitiger gastlicher Aufnahme für sich u. die Nachkommen unter dem Schutz des Ζεὺς [[ξένιος]] durch gewisse heilige Gebräuche verband; οἷα (κειμήλια) φίλοι ξεῖνοι ξείνοισι διδοὖσιν, Od. 1, 313; ἦ ῥά νύ μοι [[ξεῖνος]] πατρώϊός ἐσσι [[παλαιός]] sagt Diomedes zum Glaukos. aus dessen Erzählung er die frühere gastfreundliche Verbindung ihrer Geschlechter erfahren, u. den er von nun an selbst im Kampfe meiden will, vgl. Od. 1, 150 ff.; 187 ξεῖνοι δ' [[ἀλλήλων]] πατρώϊοι εὐχόμεθ' εἶναι ἐξ ἀρχῆς, wie ξεῖνοι διαμπερὲς εὐχόμεθ' εἶναι ἐκ πατέρων φιλότητος 15, 196; Soph. ξένον παλαιὸν [[ὄντα]], Trach. 262; [[ξένος]] [[πατρῷος]] Eur. Hec. 19. 26. Gew. ist der <b class="b2">Gast</b>, nicht der Gastgeber (s. [[ξενοδόκος]]) damit bezeichnet, doch auch der<b class="b2"> Wirth</b>, Il. 15, 532. 21, 42 Od. 8, 106. 208. 14, 53, wie Ar. Ran. 109; ξείνους ἀλλήλοισι εἶναι καὶ συμμάχους vrbdt Her. 1, 22; τινί, Thuc. 2, 13 u. öfter; ὁ τοῦ μεγάλου βασιλέως πατρικὸς [[ξένος]], Plat. Men. 78 d; Xen. sowohl τινί, An. 1, 1, 10, als τινός, 2, 1, 5. – 2) der <b class="b2">Fremde</b>, der auch nicht auf frühere Verträge sich berufend die Gastfreundschaft in Anspruch nimmt und nach dem Brauche der homerischen Zeit gastliche Aufnahme finden muß, weil auch er unter dem Schutze des Zeus [[ξένιος]] steht; πρὸς γὰρ [[Διός]] εἰσιν ἅπαντες ξεῖνοί τε πτωχοί τε, Od. 6, 207; Ζεὺς [[ξείνιος]], ὃς ξείνοισιν ἅμ' αἰδοίοισιν ὀπηδεῖ, 9, 270; 8, 42. 145 u. öfter in diesem Buche, wie sonst; [[ξεῖνος]] εἰσῆλθε Μυκήνας, Il. 4, 377; οὐδὲ ξεῖνός περ ἐὼν τάρβει, 387; er heißt [[αἰδοῖος]], Od. 8, 544 u. öfter; mit [[ἱκέτης]] verbunden, 8, 546; nur der Kyklop achtet solche heilige Pflicht nicht; [[ξεῖνος]] αἴτ' ὦν [[ἀστός]], der Fremde im Ggstz zum einbeimischen Bürger, Pind. P. 4, 78, vgl. Ol. 7, 90; πολιατᾶν καὶ ξένων, I. 1, 51; σύγγονοι πολλοὶ δὲ καὶ ξείνων, P. 9, 112; Tragg.; ὡς ἐρξάτην πολλὰ μὲν πολίτας, ξένων τε πάντων στίχας, Aesch. Spt. 907, öfter; ἐν δόμοισι πανδόκοις ξένων, Ch. 651; übertr., [[ξένος]] δὲ κλήρους ἐπινωμᾷ Χάλυβος Σκυθῶν [[ἄποικος]], Spt. 709; μανθάνειν γὰρ ἥκομεν πρὸς ἀστῶν, Soph. O. C. 13, öfter; έπαιδεύθην [[ξένος]], ich wurde in der Fremde erzogen, O. C. 568. – Nach Her. 9, 11 nannten die Lacedämonier alle Ausländer ξένοι; Plat. ἡ Μαντινικὴ [[ξένη]] Conv. 211 d, τὸν Πλεῖον ξένον Phaedr. 267 b; Ggstz ἀστοί, Rep. X, 613 d, πολῖται, Gorg. 473 d, [[ἐπιχώριος]], Men. 94 d; u. so öfter bei den Rednern, im Ggstz zum eingebornen Bürger. Bes. – 3) heißt [[ξένος]] der Fremde, der sich für Sold einem Hauswesen anschließt, einem Andern verdingt, Miethling, Od. 14, 102; – votzugsweise von den in Sold genommenen Ausländern,<b class="b2"> Miethssoldaten</b>; [[ναυβάτης]], Thuc. 1, 121; ξένοις ἐμμίσθοις, Plat. Legg. VII, 816 e; Xen. An. 1, 1, 10. 2, 6, 28 u. A. – 4) von Hom. an ist ὦ ξένε eine ganz allgemeine Anrede an Personen, deren Namen man nicht kennt od. nicht sagt, mein Freund, mein Beber. – 5) adjectivifch, [[ξένος]], η, ον, bei den Att. auch 2 Endgn, <b class="b2">fremd</b>; ξεῖνε πάτερ, Hom., ἄνθρωποι ξεῖνοι, Il. 24, 202; ξένῳ παρ' ἀνδρὶ ναίομεν, Soph. Trach. 40; ξένης ἐπὶ χθονός, in fremdem Lande, O. C. 1258; ἐς ξένην γαῖαν, El. 1121, öfter; ἐν ξέναισι χερσὶ κηδευθείς, in den Händen der Fremden, 1130; oft Eur., ξένοισιν ἐν δόμοις Phoen. 341, ξένην πόλιν 372, ἐπὶ ξένῳ χθονί Med. 435 u. ä.; auch [[ξένος]] μὲν τοῦ λόγου τοῦδ' ἐρῶ, [[ξένος]] δὲ τοὖ πραχθέντος, Soph. O. R. 219, unbekannt damit; τιμωρίαι, unerhört, Tim. Locr. 104 d; auch adv., ξένως ἔχω τῆς [[ἐνθάδε]] λέξεως, ich bin unbekannt damit, Plat. Apol. 17 d. – Auch = befremdend, fremdartig, τὸ ξένον τῆς ὑποθέσεως Luc. V. H. 1, 2, οὐδὲν ξένον, das ist nicht befremdend, pro lapsu 16, ξένα καὶ ἄγνωστα πάντα ὁρῶν Scyth. 4, καὶ [[ἀλλότριος]] Hermot. 72; Plut. u. a. Sp.