πένομαι: Difference between revisions

|Definition=used only in pres. and impf., (cf. [[πενέω]]) : <span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> intr., <b class="b2">toil, work</b>, ἀμφίπολοι... ἐνὶ μεγάροισι πένοντο <span class="bibl">Od.10.348</span> ; <b class="b3">περὶ δεῖπνον ἐνὶ μεγάροισι π</b>. <b class="b2">were busy</b> preparing a meal, <span class="bibl">4.624</span> ; ἀμφ' αὐτὸν ἑταῖροι ἐσσυμένως ἐπένοντο <span class="bibl">Il.24.124</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> after Hom., (<b class="b2">to have to work for one's living</b>, hence) <b class="b2">to be poor</b> or <b class="b2">needy</b>, <span class="bibl">Sol.15</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span> 1220</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.2.40</span>, etc.; πλουσία ἢ πενομένη πόλις <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>577e</span>; <b class="b3">πλουτοῦντες ἢ π</b>. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Plt.</span>293a</span>; π. καὶ κάμνειν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Grg.</span>477d</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> c. gen., <b class="b2">to be poor in, have need of</b>, <b class="b3">τῶν σοφῶν</b> (i. e. <b class="b3">τῆς σοφίας</b>) <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>431</span> ; ὡς διαλλαγὰς ἔχοιμεν ἀλλήλοισιν ὧν πένοιτο γῆ <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>210</span> ; πάντων <span class="bibl">Porph.<span class="title">Marc.</span>27</span> ; πενόμενον τὴν ψυχὴν τῶν ἐπιβαλλόντων αὐτῇ καλῶν <span class="bibl">Hierocl. <span class="title">in CA</span> 14p.451M.</span> : c. acc., χρήματα Them. <span class="title">Or.</span>(i. e. Constant.<b class="b2">pro Them</b>.) 22b. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> trans., <b class="b2">work at, get ready</b>, δόμον κάτα δαῖτα πένοντο <span class="bibl">Od.2.322</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">3.428</span>, etc.; ἔργα <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>773</span>; <b class="b3">ὁππότε κεν δὴ ταῦτα πενώμεθα</b> when we <b class="b2">are a-doing</b> this, <span class="bibl">Od.13.394</span> ; <b class="b3">τί σε χρὴ ταῦτα πένεσθαι</b>; <span class="bibl">24.407</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.19.200</span>.—On the precise meaning of <b class="b3">πένομαι, πενία</b>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>551</span> sqq. (Cf. <b class="b3">πένης, πόνος, πονηρός</b>.)</span>

|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-02-0555.png Seite 555]] nur praes. u. imperf., 1) sich anstrengen, abmühen, <b class="b2">arbeiten</b>; ἀμφίπολοι ἐνὶ μεγάροισι πένοντο, Od. 10, 348; περὶ [[δεῖπνον]], um die Mahlzeit beschäftigt sein, 4, 624. Häufiger trans., verrichten, besorgen, fertig machen, δόμον κάτα δαῖτα πένοντο, Od. 2, 322, [[ἄριστον]], Il. 24, 124 u. öfter; ἔργα, Hes. O. 775; [[ὁππότε]] κεν δὴ ταῦτα πενώμεθα, wenn wir dies ausführen werden, Od. 13, 394; θοίνην πένεσθαι, Eur. El. 785. – 2) aus Armuth od. Durftigkeit arbeiten, Thuc. 2, 40; dah. <b class="b2">arm sein</b>, Aesch. Ag. 936; <b class="b2">entbehren</b>, τῶν σοφῶν γὰρ οὐ πένῃ, Eum. 409; vgl. Eur. Suppl. 222; Plat. Rep. X, 607 c. Ggstz von [[πλουτέω]], Polit. 293 a, wie Theogn. 315; πενόμενος καὶ κακῶς πράττων, dem [[πλούσιος]] entgegengesetzt, Is. 5, 35; Folgde. – Das activ. [[πένω]] ist bei Aesch. Ag. 1179 für πνέων [[χάριν]] vermuthet worden, mit Unrecht. Man vgl. übrigens die abgeleiteten [[πόνος]], πονέομαι.