χρεία: Difference between revisions

|Definition=(written χρέα <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>25.2</span>,<span class="bibl">148</span> (iii B. C.)), Ion. χρείη Call. in <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PSI</span>11.1216.43</span>, ἡ: (χράομαι, κέχρημαι):—<span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">need, want</b>, χρείας ὕπο <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>287</span>; <b class="b3">ἵν' ἕσταμεν χρείας</b> considering in what great <b class="b2">need</b> we are, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1443</span>; <b class="b3">χρείᾳ πολεμεῖν</b> to war with <b class="b2">necessity</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OC</span> 191</span> (anap.): c. gen., <b class="b2">want of</b>... φαρμάκων χρείᾳ κατεσκέλλοντο <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span> 481</span>; ἐν χρείᾳ τύχης <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Th.</span>506</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν χρείᾳ δορός</b> in the <b class="b2">need</b> or <b class="b2">stress</b> of war, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>963</span>; φορβῆς χρείᾳ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>162</span> (anap.), cf. <span class="bibl">1004</span>: <b class="b3">ἵππων ἡμῖν χρεία μὲν οὔτε τις πολλῶν οὔτε πολλή [ἐστιν</b>] <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>834b</span>; <b class="b3">ἦ μὴν ἔτ' ἐμοῦ χρείαν ἕξει</b> will have <b class="b2">need</b> of my help, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>170</span> (anap.), cf. Call.l.c.; <b class="b3">ἀφίκοντο εἰς χρείαν τῆς πόλεως</b> came to feel <b class="b2">the need</b> of its assistance, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Mx.</span>244d</span>; <b class="b3">ἰατρῶν ἐν χρείαις ἐσόμεθα, ἐν χρείᾳ ἡγεμόνος εἶναι</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>373d</span>, <span class="bibl">566e</span>; ὅτου σε χ. ἔχει <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>646</span>; so <b class="b3">τίς χ. σ' ἐμοῦ [ἔχει</b>]; <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>976</span>, cf. χρεώ <span class="bibl">1.2</span>: <b class="b3">χρείαν ἔχω</b>, c. inf., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>3.14</span> (folld. by (ίνα, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Jo.</span>2.25</span>); signfs.<span class="bibl">1.1</span> and <span class="bibl">111</span> in the same sentence, <b class="b3">οὐχ οὕτως χ. ἔχομεν τῆς χ. παρὰ τῶν φίλων ὡς</b> . . <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Sent.Vat.</span>34</span>: prov., <b class="b3">χ. διδάσκει, κἂν βραδύς τις ᾖ, σοφόν</b> '<b class="b2">necessity</b> is the mother of invention', <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>715</span>, cf.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">El.</span>376</span>, <span class="bibl">Men.263</span>: pl., αἱ χρεῖαι τολμᾶν βιάζονται <span class="bibl">Antipho 3.2.1</span>; αἱ τοῦ σώματος χ. <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">Mem.</span>3.12.5</span>; πρώτη γε καὶ μεγίστη τῶν χ. ἡ τῆς τροφῆς παρασκευή <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>369d</span>; αἱ ἀναγκαῖαι χ. <span class="bibl">D.23.148</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">45.67</span> (sg.); πολεμικαὶ χ. <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Pol.</span>1328b11</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">want, poverty</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>175</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span>420</span>, etc.; διὰ τὴν χ. καὶ τὴν πενίαν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>534</span> (anap.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">a request of necessity</b>, opp. <b class="b3">ἀξίωσις</b> (a claim of merit), <span class="bibl">Th.1.37</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">33</span>: generally, <b class="b2">request</b>, τὴν πρίν γε χ. ἠνύσασθ' ἐμοῦ πάρα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>700</span>; <b class="b3">κἀγὼ . . τοιάνδε σου χ. ἔχω</b> make such <b class="b2">a request</b> of or to thee, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ch.</span>481</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">business</b>, <b class="b3">ὡς πρὸς τί χρείας;</b> for what <b class="b2">purpose?</b> <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1174</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1435</span>; χρῆσθαί τινι χρείαν ἣν ἂν ἐθέλωσι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>868b</span>; δοῦναι ἑαυτὸν εἰς τὴν χ. <span class="bibl">Plb.8.16.11</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> esp. <b class="b2">military</b> or <b class="b2">naval service</b>, <b class="b3">ἡ πολεμικὴ χ. καὶ ἡ εἰρηνική</b> the <b class="b2">employments</b> of war and of peace, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1254b32</span>; <b class="b3">αἱ κατὰ θάλατταν [χ.], ἡ ἐν τῇ γῇ χ</b>., <span class="bibl">Plb.6.52.1</span>, <span class="bibl">31.21.3</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ ἐπὶ τῶν χ</b>. Aristeas <span class="bibl">110</span>, <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">1 Ma.</span>12.45</span>; οἱ πρὸς ταῖς χ. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ju.</span>12.10</span>; οἱ ἐπὶ χρειῶν τεταγμένοι <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>543.1</span> (i B. C.); in military sense, <b class="b2">action, engagement</b>, αἱ κατὰ μέρος χ. <span class="bibl">Plb.1.84.7</span>, al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> generally, <b class="b2">business, employment, function</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.3.45.2</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἡ ἐγκεχειρισμένη χ</b>. the <b class="b2">duty</b> assigned, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span>741.11</span> (ii B. C.); οὓς καταστήσομεν ἐπὶ τῆς χ. ταύτης <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>6.3</span>; χ. πολιτικαί <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Mar.</span> 32</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">d</span> <b class="b2">a business, affair, matter</b>, like [[χρέος]], <span class="bibl">Plb.2.49.9</span>, al.; <b class="b3">τὴν ὑπὲρ τούτων χ</b>. the <b class="b2">study</b> of these things, <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Ep.</span>1p.29U.</span> </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">e</span> <b class="b3">χ. ἀναγκαία</b> <b class="b2">need</b> of nature, <span class="bibl">D.S.4.33</span>; τροφῆς χ. <span class="bibl">Ph.2.472</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b2">use</b>, </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> as a property, <b class="b2">use, advantage, service</b>, χρείης εἵνεκα μηδεμιῆς <span class="bibl">Thgn.62</span>; τῆς χ. τοῦ παιδὸς ἀποστερηθῆναι <span class="bibl">Antipho 3.3.4</span>; ἡ χ. τῆς ῥητορικῆς <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>480a</span>; πωλοῦντες τὴν τῆς ἰσχύος χ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>371e</span>; <b class="b3">χρείαν ἔχειν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις</b> to be <b class="b2">of service</b> to mankind, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Smp.</span>204c</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ οὐδὲν εἰς χρείαν</b> things of no <b class="b2">use</b> or <b class="b2">service</b>, <span class="bibl">D.<span class="title">Prooem.</span> 56.3</span>; <b class="b3">χρείαν ἔχει εἴς τι</b> is of <b class="b2">service</b> towards... <span class="bibl">Sosip.1.41</span>; for <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span> 725</span>, v. [[ἐρευνάω]] <span class="bibl">1</span>: pl., <b class="b3">χρεῖαι . . φίλων ἀνδρῶν</b> <b class="b2">services rendered</b> by them, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>8.42</span>; <b class="b3">χρείας παρέχεσθαι</b> render <b class="b2">services</b>, Decr. ap. <span class="bibl">D.18.84</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>22.654.15, cf. <span class="bibl">Plb.1.16.8</span> (sg.); <b class="b3">ἵνα σοι τὰς χ. παρέσχωμαι</b> (sic) <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>498</span> (iii B. C.); μεγάλην παρεῖχε χ. τοῖς κοινοῖς πράγμασιν <span class="bibl">Plb.3.97.4</span>; <b class="b3">παρέχειν χ</b>. to be <b class="b2">serviceable, useful</b>, Aristo Stoic.1.79; ἑξήκοντα καὶ τριακόσια χρειῶν γένη παρέχον δένδρον Plu.2.724e; χ. ναυτικαί <b class="b2">equipments</b>, <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">VH</span>2.10</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> as an action, <b class="b2">using, use</b>, κτῆσις καὶ χ. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>2.4.1</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>451c</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν χρείᾳ εἶναι</b> in <b class="b2">use</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Phd.</span>87c</span>; <b class="b3">κατὰ τὴν χ</b>. for <b class="b2">use</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>330c</span>; πρὸς τὴν ἀνθρωπίνην χ. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>4.2.25</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ χ. τῶν λόγων</b> the <b class="b2">employment</b> of words, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Sph.</span> 239d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Plt.</span>272d</span>: pl., <b class="b3">λάμπει γὰρ ἐν χρείαισιν ὥσπερ . . χαλκός</b> is made bright by <b class="b2">constant use</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>864</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> of persons, <b class="b2">familiarity, intimacy</b>, τινος <b class="b2">with</b> one, <span class="bibl">Antipho 5.63</span>: generally, <b class="b2">any relation of business</b> or <b class="b2">intercourse</b>, ἐν χρείᾳ τινὶ τῇ πρὸς ἀλλήλους <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>372a</span>; ἡ πρὸς ἀλλήλους χ. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1376b13</span>; [Νικόμαχος] συνεβίω Ἀμυντᾳ . . ἰατροῦ καὶ φίλου χρείᾳ <b class="b2">in the relationship, capacity</b>, <span class="bibl">D.L.5.1</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> Rhet., <b class="b2">pregnant sentence, maxim</b>, freq. illustrated by an anecdote, Sen.<span class="title">Ep.</span>33.7, <span class="bibl">Hermog.<span class="title">Prog.</span>3</span>, Aphthon,<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Prog.</span>3</span>, <span class="bibl">Theon <span class="title">Prog.</span>5</span>, etc.: pl., title of works by Zeno (<span class="bibl">D.L.6.91</span>), Aristipp., etc.; by Macho, a collection of sayings of courtesans, <span class="bibl">Ath.13.577d</span>; ἡ τοῦ Κλεομένους χ. Plu.2.218a; <b class="b3">χρεῖαι καὶ ἱστορίαι</b> ib.78f.</span>

|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-02-1370.png Seite 1370]] ἡ, 1) das <b class="b2">Gebrauchen</b>, – a) als Handlung: Gebrauch, Anwendung, u. als Eigenschaft: Brauchbarkeit, dah. Nutzen, Vortheil, Genuß; zuerst bei Theogn. 62 u. Pind. N. 8, 42; τὸ εἴρειν λόγου [[χρεία]] ἐστί Plat. Crat. 408 a; καὶ [[κτῆσις]] γυναικῶν καὶ παίδων Rep. V, 451 c; ἱματίου ἐν χρείᾳ τε ὄντος καὶ φορουμένου, im Gebrauch sein, Phaed. 87 c; [[τίς]] ἡ μεγάλη [[χρεία]] ὲστὶ τῆς ῥητορικῆς, der große Nutzen, Gorg. 480 a; καὶ [[κτῆσις]] Xen. Mem. 2, 4,1; πρὸς τὴν ἀνθρωπίνην χρείαν 4, 2,25; καρπῶν χρεῖαι Isocr. 4, 29; Dem. Lpt. 15. – b) Umgang, Verkehr, Gemeinschaft mit Menschen, Antipho 5, 63; auch im feindlichen Sinne, Treffen, Krieg, Pol. 2, 33, 5. 69, 4 u. oft; ἡ ἐμβατική, ἡ ἐν τῇ γῇ, 3, 95, 5. 32, 2,3. – c) übh. womit man sich beschäftigt, was man treibt, Gewerbe, Handel, Geschäft, Pol. oft u. Sp. – d) in der Rhetorik eine Chrie, eine Sentenz od. ein Gemeinplatz, ein bedeutender Ausspruch auf einen bestimmten Fall angewendet und nach bestimmten Regeln ausgeführt, Hermogen. progymn. u. a. Rhett. Wir besitzen noch solche Chrien von Hermogenes und Aphthonius. Vgl. auch D. L. 2, 85 Ath. XII, 577. – 2) das <b class="b2">Bedürfen</b>, Nöthighaben, Bedürfniß, Noth, Mangel; φαρμάκων χρείᾳ κατεσκέλλοντο Aesch. Prom. 479; ἐν χρείᾳ τύχης Spt. 488; Soph. Phil. 176. 992; διὰ τὴν χρείαν καὶ τὴν πενίαν ζητεῖν [[ὁπόθεν]] βίον ἕξει Ar. Plut. 534; dah. Verlangen, Sehnsucht wonach, ἦ μὴν ἔτ' ἐμοῦ χρείαν ἕξει μακάρων [[πρύτανις]] Aesch. Prom. 169; τοιάνδε σου χρείαν ἐχω Ch. 474; Wunsch, Prom. 702; θανόντ' ἂν οἰμώξειαν ἐν χρείᾳ [[δορός]] Soph. Ai. 942; Phil. 162 u. öfter; [[τίς]] [[χρεία]] σ' ἐμοῦ Eur. Hec. 976; εἰ ἐμοῦ χρείαν ἔχεις Med. 1319; Suppl. 127; die Nothwendigkeit, ἵν' ἂν μὴ χρείᾳ πολεμῶμεν Soph. O. C. 191; ἵν' ἕσταμεν χρείας O. R. 1443; αἱ χρεῖαι βιάζονται τολμᾶν Antipho 3 β 1; αἱ ἀναγκαῖαι χρεῖαι Dem. 23, 148; ἐν πάσαις ταῖς τοῦ σώματος χρείαις, in allen Verrichtungen, bei denen man des Leibes bedarf, Xen. Mem. 3, 12, 5; ποιήσει δὲ τὴν πόλιν ἡ ἡμετέρα [[χρεία]] Plat. Rep. II, 369 c; ἢ ῥαψῳδοῦ δοκεῖ σοι πολλὴ [[χρεία]] εἶναι τοῖς Ἕλλησιν lon 541 c; ὡς οὐδὲν ἔτι ποδῶν χρείας οὔσης Tim. 92 a; ἵν' ἐν χρείᾳ ἡγεμόνος ὁ [[δῆμος]] ᾖ Rep. VIII, 566 e, u. oft; περὶ τῶν οὐδὲν εἰς χρείαν ἀκούειν, von Dingen, an denen Nichts gelegen ist, Dem. prooem. 56.