εἶμι: Difference between revisions

|Definition=<span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span>2sg. εἶ <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Tr.</span>83</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>990</span>, Ep. and Ion. εἶς <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span> 208</span>, εἶσθα <span class="bibl">Il. 10.450</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.19.69</span>; 3sg. <b class="b3">εἶσι</b>; pl. <b class="b3">ἴμεν, ἴτε, ἴᾱσι</b>: imper. <b class="b3">ἴθι</b> (also <b class="b3">εἶ</b> in the compd. ἔξει <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>633</span> acc. to Sch., but prob. indic.), 3pl. ἴτωσαν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>1480</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>765a</span>, also ἴτων <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>32</span>, ἰόντων <span class="bibl">Th.4.118</span>, etc.: subj. <b class="b3">ἴω</b> (εἴω <span class="bibl">Sophr.48</span>); Ep. 2sg. ἴῃσθα <span class="bibl">Il.10.67</span>; Ep. 3sg. ἴῃσι <span class="bibl">9.701</span>; Ep. pl. <b class="b3">ἴομεν</b> (for -ωμεν) <span class="bibl">2.440</span>: opt. <b class="b3">ἴοιμι, οις, οι</b>, <span class="bibl">14.21</span>, etc.; ἰοίην Sapph.159, <span class="title">IG</span>4.760 (Troezen), <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Smp.</span>4.16</span>, (διεξ-) <span class="bibl">Isoc.5.98</span>; Ep. ἰείη <span class="bibl">Il.19.209</span>, cf. περι-ιεῖεν <span class="title">IG</span>22.1126.18 (Amphict. Delph.), εἴη <span class="bibl">Il.24.139</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.14.496</span>, εἴηι <span class="title">GDI</span>4986.7 (Crete): inf. <b class="b3">ἰέναι</b>, Ep. <b class="b3">ἴμεναι</b> (ι in <span class="bibl">Il.20.365</span>) or <b class="b3">ἴμεν</b>, also ἰέμεν Archyt. ap. Stob.3.1.106 (dub. l.), <b class="b3">ἴναι [ῐ]</b> Orac. ap. <span class="bibl">Str.9.2.23</span>, (<b class="b3">ἐξ</b>-) Machoap.<span class="bibl">Ath.13.580c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">EM</span>467.18</span> (<b class="b3">προσ-εῖναι</b> dub. in <span class="bibl">Hes. <span class="title">Op.</span>353</span>): part. <b class="b3">ἰών, ἰοῦσα, ἰόν</b>: impf. <b class="b3">ᾔειν, ᾔεις</b> (δι-ῄεισθα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>26c</span>, ἐπεξ-ῄεισθα <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Euthphr.</span>4b</span>), <b class="b3">ᾔει</b> or -ειν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ti.</span> 38c</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Criti.</span>117e</span>; Ep. and Ion. <b class="b3">ἤϊα</b>, 3sg. <b class="b3">ἤϊε</b> (-εν), contr. ᾖε <span class="bibl">Od.18.257</span>; dual ᾔτην <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Euthd.</span>294d</span>; <span class="bibl">1</span> and 2pl., <b class="b3">ᾖμεν, ᾖτε</b>; 3pl., Ep. and Ion. <b class="b3">ἤϊσαν</b>, Ep. also <b class="b3">ἴσαν</b>, Att. <b class="b3">ᾖσαν</b> (μετ-) <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>605</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Fr.</span>161</span>, (ἐπ-) <span class="bibl">Od.19.445</span>, later <b class="b3">ᾔεσαν</b> (εἰσ-) <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ath.</span>32.1</span>, etc.; also 3sg. ἴε <span class="bibl">Il.2.872</span>, al.; Ep. 1pl. ᾔομεν <span class="bibl">Od.10.251</span>, al., 3dual ἴτην <span class="bibl">Il.1.347</span>; 3pl. ἤϊον <span class="bibl">Od.23.370</span>:—Med. pres. and impf. <b class="b3">ἴεμαι, ἰέμην</b> are mere mistakes for <b class="b3">ἵεμαι, ἱέμην</b> (from <b class="b3">ἵημι</b>), cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1242</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>698</span>:—for fut. <b class="b3">εἴσομαι</b> and aor. Med. <b class="b3">εἰσάμην</b>, in 3sg. <b class="b3">εἴσατο, ἐείσατο</b>, 3dual <b class="b3">ἐεισάσθην</b>, v. [[εἴσομαι]] <span class="bibl">11</span>.—The ind. <b class="b3">εἶμι</b> usu. has pres. sense in Hom. (fut., <span class="bibl">Il.1.426</span>, <span class="bibl">18.280</span>), but in Ion. Prose and Att. it serves as fut. to <b class="b3">ἔρχομαι</b> (q. v.), I <b class="b2">shall go, shall come</b>: the pres. sense is sts. found in Poetry, prov. <b class="b3">αὐτόματοι δ' ἀγαθοὶ ἀγαθῶν ἐπὶ δαῖτας ἴασι</b> (cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>174b</span>), cf. <span class="bibl">Theoc.25.90</span>, also in compds. (προς-) <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>242</span>, (<b class="b3">ἐπ</b>-) <span class="bibl">Th.4.61</span>, (συν-) <span class="bibl">Str.3.2.2</span>. [ῐ- in all tenses, exc. in Ep. Subj. <b class="b3">ἴομεν</b> for <b class="b3">ἴωμεν</b> at the beginning of a verse]:—<b class="b2">come</b> or <b class="b2">go</b>, the special senses being given by the context, <b class="b3">οἴκαδ' ἴμεν</b> <b class="b2">go</b> home, <span class="bibl">Il.17.155</span>; τάχ' εἶσθα θύραζε <span class="bibl">Od.19.69</span>, etc.; <b class="b2">come</b>, οὐδέ μιν οἴω νῦν ἰέναι <span class="bibl">Il.17.710</span>, etc.; <b class="b2">go, depart</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.2.367</span>; ὑπὸ τεῖχος ἰόντας <span class="bibl">Il.12.264</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> c.acc., </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> c. acc. loci, <b class="b2">go to</b> or <b class="b2">into</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.1.176</span>, <span class="bibl">18.194</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>637</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> c. acc. cogn., <b class="b3">ὁδὸν ἰέναι</b> <b class="b2">go</b> a road, <span class="bibl">Od.10.103</span>; so <b class="b3">τὴν ὀρεινήν</b> (sc. <b class="b3">ὁδόν</b>) <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span> 2.4.22</span>: metaph., ἄδικον ὁδὸν ἰέναι <span class="bibl">Th.3.64</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">go through</b> or <b class="b2">over</b>, <b class="b3">τὸ μέσον τοῦ οὐρανοῦ</b>, of the sun, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.25</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">26</span>: in Hom., freq. c. gen., <b class="b3">ἰὼν πεδίοιο</b> <b class="b2">going across</b> the plain, <span class="bibl">Il.5.597</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> c. inf. aor., ἀλλά τις εἴη εἰπεῖν Ἀτρεΐδῃ <span class="bibl">Od.14.496</span>.—On the Homeric <b class="b3">βῆ δ' ἴμεν</b>, etc., v. [[βαίνω]]. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> c. part. fut., <b class="b3">Ἑλένην καλέουσ' ἴε</b> <b class="b2">went</b> to call her, <span class="bibl">Il.3.383</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">14.200</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.15.213</span>; <b class="b3">ἤϊα λέξων</b> I <b class="b2">was going</b> to tell, <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.82</span>; ἴτω θύσων <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>909d</span>; εἴ τις ἱστορίαν γράψων ἴῃ <span class="bibl">Luc. <span class="title">Hist.Conscr.</span>39</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> also of other motions besides walking or running, as of <b class="b2">going in a ship</b>, esp. ἐπὶ νηὸς ἰέναι <span class="bibl">Od.2.332</span>, etc.; of the <b class="b2">flight</b> of bees, <span class="bibl">Il.2.87</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> of the <b class="b2">motion</b> of things, [<b class="b3">πέλεκυς] εἶσιν διὰ δουρός</b> the axe <b class="b2">goes</b> through the beam, <span class="bibl">3.61</span>; of clouds or vapour, <span class="bibl">4.278</span>; of the stars, <span class="bibl">22.317</span>; of time, <b class="b3">ἔτος εἶσι</b> the year <b class="b2">will pass</b>, <span class="bibl">Od. 2.89</span>; <b class="b3">φάτις εἶσι</b> the report <b class="b2">goes</b>, <span class="bibl">23.362</span>; χρόνος… ἰὼν πόρσω <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>10</span> (<span class="bibl">11</span>).<span class="bibl">55</span>; <b class="b3">ἴτω κλαγγά, βοά</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>208</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>857</span> (lyr.); ἡ μοῖρ' ὅποιπερ εἶσ' ἴτω <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1458</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>19a</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> metaph. usages, <b class="b3">ἰέναι ἐς λόγους τινί</b> <b class="b2">to enter</b> on a conference with... <span class="bibl">Th.3.80</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἰέναι ἐς τοὺς πολέμους, ἐς τὴν ξυμμαχίαν</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.1.78</span>, <span class="bibl">5.30</span>; <b class="b3">ἰέναι ἐς χεῖρας</b> <b class="b2">to come</b> to blows, <span class="bibl">Id.2.3</span>, <span class="bibl">81</span>; <b class="b3">ἰέναι ἐς τὰ παραγγελλόμενα</b> <b class="b2">to obey</b> orders, <span class="bibl">Id.1.121</span>; διὰ δίκης ἰὼν πατρί <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>742</span>; <b class="b3">ἰέναι διὰ μάχης, διὰ φιλίας</b>, etc., v. [[διά]] A.IV.b. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">VI</span> imper. <b class="b3">ἴθι</b> (with or without <b class="b3">δή</b>) <b class="b2">come now</b>! mostly folld. by 2sg. imper., ἴ. ἐξήγεο <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.72</span>; <b class="b3">ἴθ' ἐγκόνει, ἴθ' ἐκκάλυψον</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>988</span>, <span class="bibl">1003</span>; ἴ. πέραινε <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>1170</span>; in full, <b class="b3">ἴ. καὶ πειρῶ</b> <b class="b2">go</b> and try, <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.57</span>: with 1pl., ἴ. οὖν ἐπισκεψώμεθα <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.6.4</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Prt.</span>332d</span>; ἴτε δὴ ἀκούσωμεν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lg.</span>797d</span>: 2dual, ἴθι δὴ παρίστασθον <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>1378</span>: also 2pl., ἴτε νεύσατε <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>248</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OT</span>1413</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">ἴτω</b> <b class="b2">let it pass, well then</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>120</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>798</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">VII</span> part. added to Verbs, <b class="b3">φρονείτω μεῖζον ἢ κατ' ἄνδρ' ἰών</b> let him <b class="b2">go and</b> think... <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>768</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OC</span>1393</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Aj.</span>304</span>; βακχεύσεις ἰών <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span>343</span>.—Cf. <b class="b3">ἴσκω</b>.</span>

|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-01-0732.png Seite 732]] <b class="b2">gehen</b>; Wurzel Ἰ; inf. ἰέναι, part. ἰών; außer praes. noch impf. ᾔειν, ep. u. ion. [[ἤϊα]], att. ᾖα. Dazu med. praes. u. impf. [[ἴεμαι]] u. ἰέμην, adj. verb. [[ἰτός]], ἰτέος u. ἰτητέος, s. unten. Von den dialectischen Abweichungen sind zu bemerken: [[εἶσθα]] = εἶς, Il. 10, 450 Od. 19, 69; ἶσι = [[ἴασι]], Theogn. 716; inf. [[ἴμεν]] u. ἴμεναι, Hom.; εἴη = ἴοι, Il. 24, 139 Od. 14, 496; auch ἰείη, Il. 19, 209; conj. ἴῃσθα, 10, 67; impf. ᾖε, ᾔομεν u. 3. Pers. ἤιον, Od. 10, 251. 23, 370; auch ἴε, ἴτην, ἤϊσαν, Il. 10, 197; Her.; – fut. Hom. [[εἴσομαι]], Od. 15, 213 Il. 24, 462, aor. [[εἰσάμην]], [[ἐεισάμην]], 15, 544. 12, 118, vgl. Lehrs Aristarch. ed. 2 p. 148. – Im praes. indicat. bei den Att. = <b class="b2">ich werde gehen</b>, oft auch bei Hom. u. A.; Verbindungen wie [[εἶμι]] καὶ πειράσομαι Aesch. Prom. 325, [[ἴμεν]] καὶ συνθάψομεν Spt. 1060, stehen in der Mitte; 355. 682 ist es praes.; inf. u. partic. haben beide Bdtgn; dem Zusammenhange nach durch <b class="b2">weggehen, fortgehen, herankommen, vorübergehen, zurückgehen, zurückkehren</b> zu übersetzen, vgl. Lehrs Aristarch. ed. 2 p. 93; ἰέναι εἰς Ἀΐδαο, in den Hades hinabgehen, sterben, Hom. u. A.; ἐπὶ τὰ [[ἔμπροσθεν]], zurückkehren, Plat. Theaet. 177 c; in Vrbdg mit ἐπὶ [[νεώς]], ἐφ' ἵππων, zu Schiffe gehen, fahren, reiten. – Ὁδὸν ἰέναι, einen Weg gehen, Od. 10, 103 u. Folgde; τὴν αὐτὴν ὁδόν Plat. Legg. VII, 821 b; ohne ὁδόν, τὴν μακροτέραν, τὴν αὐτήν, Polit. 265 b Rep. VIII, 343 c; ἴθι τὴν ὀρεινήν Xen. Cyr. 2, 4, 22; übertr., μετ' Ἀθηναίων ἄδικον ὁδὸν ἰόντων ἐχωρήσατε Thuc. 3, 64. Aehnl. ὁ [[ἥλιος]] ἰὼν τὸ [[μέσον]] τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, die Mitte des Himmels durchwandernd, Her. 2, 25; ἤϊε τὰ ἄνω τῆς Εὐρώπης ib. 26; von den Planeten, τοὺς ἰσόδρομον ἡλίῳ κύκλον ἰόντας Plat. Tim. 38 d. Bei Hom. u. a. D. steht der Ort, wohin man geht, im acc.; vgl. Pind. Ol. 14, 21; Soph. O. R. 637. Der gen. bedeutet den Ort, durch welchen man hingeht, ἰὼν πεδίοιο, durchs Gefilde hin, Il. 5, 597; χροὸς [[εἴσατο]], er ging durch die Haut, 13, 191. – Sonst mit εἰς, auch εἰς συμμαχίαν, εἰς λόγους ἰέναι, dem Bündniß beitreten, zu Unterhandlungen schreiten; mit ἐπί τινα, feindlich auf Jemanden losgehen; διὰ φιλίας ἰέναι u. ähnl. s. unter διά; u. so vgl. auch die anderen Präpositionen, die den Begriff von ἰέναι modificiren. – Mit dem partic. fut. drückt es auch aus »sich anschicken Etwas zu thun«, ἤϊε αἰνέων, er hob an zu laben, Her. 1, 122; [[ὅπερ]] ᾖα ἐρῶν Plat. Theaet. 180 c; [[τίς]] εἶσι κακουργήσων Tim. 17 d; auch c. inf. fut., Il. 15, 544, aor., Od. 14, 496. – Von leblosen Dingen: Odyss. 2, 89 [[ἤδη]] γὰρ τρίτον ἐστὶν [[ἔτος]], [[τάχα]] δ' εἶσι τέταρτον, schon ist es das dritte Jahr, d. h. das dritte <b class="b2">volle</b> Jahr, drei Jahre sind schon vorbei, und bald wird das vierte <b class="b2">vergehen</b> (δίεισι) oder <b class="b2">weggehen</b>, Abschied nehmen (ἄπεισι), bei welcher Erklärung die Stelle nicht in Widerspruch steht mit vs. 106 ἃς τρίετες μὲν ἔληθε δόλῳ καὶ ἔπειθεν Ἀχαιούς· ἀλλ' ὅτε τέτρατον ἦλθεν [[ἔτος]] καὶ ἐπήλυθον ὧραι. An letzterer Stelle gab es schon im Alterthum eine Lesart ἃς δίετες μὲν ἔληθε δόλῳ – ἀλλ' ὅτε δὴ τρίτον ἦλθεν [[ἔτος]]; bei dieser Lesart heißt vs. 89 »das laufende, gegenwärtige Jahr ist das dritte, und bald wird das vierte <b class="b2">herankommen</b>«. Aristarch verwarf diese Erklärung mit der Lesart δίετες – δὴ τρίτον vs. 106, schrieb vielmehr τρίετες – τέτρατον und erklärte vs. 89 εἶσι = δίεισι, s. Scholl. Aristonic. vss. 89. 107 und Lehrs Aristarch. ed. 2 p. 93. – Iliad. 3, 61 [[πέλεκυς]] [[ἀτειρής]], ὅς τ' εἶσιν διὰ δουρὸς ὑπ' ἀνέρος; von Wolken, Sturm, Rauch, 4, 278. 13, 796. 21, 522; [[φάτις]] Od. 23, 262; [[θόρυβος]] Xen. An. 1, 8, 16; τοῦτο μὲν ἴτω, ὅπη τῷ θεῷ φίλον, es mag so gehen. Plat. Apol. 19 a; vgl. Soph. O. R. 1458; πρόσοδοι Thuc. 1, 4. – Der imperat. ἴθι steht oft adverbial, wie ἄγε, wohlan; ἴθι, ἱκοῦ Aesch. Pers. 649; ἴθι δὴ ἀναλογισώμεθα Plat. Prot. 332 d.