ἕρκος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=εος, τό, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[fence]], [[enclosure]] (πᾶν ὅσον ἂν ἕνεκα κωλύσεως εἴργῃ τι περιέχον <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Sph.</span>220b</span>) round gardens and vineyards, <span class="bibl">Od.7.113</span>, <span class="bibl">Il. 5.90</span>, <span class="bibl">18.564</span> ; esp. round the court-yards of houses, <span class="bibl">Od.21.238</span> (pl.), al.; ὑπὲρ ἕρκος ὑπερθορεῖν <span class="bibl">Sol.4.29</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.134</span> : pl., <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1274</span>; also, <b class="b2">the place enclosed, court-yard</b>, στὰς μέσῳ ἕρκεϊ <span class="bibl">Il.16.231</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.8.57</span> (pl.), etc.; <b class="b3">Κίσσιον ἕρκος</b>, i.e. Susa, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>17</span>(anap.); <b class="b3">ποῖον γαίας ἕ.;</b> what city? <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>441</span> ; <b class="b3">ἕ. ἱερόν</b> sacred [[enclosure]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>607</span>; shell of the pinna, Plu.2.980b. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">wall for defence</b>, ἕρκεϊ χαλκείῳ <span class="bibl">Il.15.567</span> ; ἕρκος..ἐκ ναυηγίων περιεβάλοντο <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.191</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">9.99</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> periphr., <b class="b3">ἕ. ὀδόντων</b> the [[fence]] (consisting) of the teeth, mostly in phrase, ποῖόν σε ἔπος φύγεν ἕ. ὀδόντων; <span class="bibl">Il.4.350</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Sol.27.1</span> ; ἀμείψεται ἕ. ὀδόντων <span class="bibl">Il.9.409</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.10.328</span> ; <b class="b3">κάρχαρον ἕ</b>., without <b class="b3">ὀδόντων</b>, <span class="bibl">Opp.<span class="title">H.</span>1.506</span> ; <b class="b3">ἀγγέων ἕρκεσι</b>, = [[ἄγγεσι]], <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>10.36</span> ; <b class="b3">μέλαν ἕ. ἅλμας</b>, i.e. the sea, Id.<span class="title">Dith. Oxy.</span>1.16, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">P.</span>2.80</span> (= <b class="b3">ἐπιφάνεια</b>, Sch.); <b class="b3">σφραγῖδος ἕ</b>., i.e. a seal, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>615</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> metaph., [[defence]], <b class="b3">ἕ. ἀκόντων</b>, of a shield, <b class="b2">a defence against</b> javelins, <span class="bibl">Il.15.646</span> ; ἕ. βελέων <span class="bibl">5.316</span>; <b class="b3">ἕ. ἰωχμοῖο</b>, of the lion's skin, <span class="bibl">Theoc.25.279</span>; ἕρκεσιν εἴργειν κῦμα θαλάσσας <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Pers.</span>89</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> of persons, <b class="b3">ἕ. Ἀχαιῶν</b>, of Ajax, <span class="bibl">Il.3.229</span>; of Achilles, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">Pae.</span>6.85</span>; of soldiers, <b class="b3">ἕρκος πολέμοιο</b> a <b class="b2">defence against</b> war, <span class="bibl">Il.4.299</span>; of Achilles, ἕ. Ἀχαιοῖσιν..πολέμοιο <span class="bibl">1.284</span>; of Clytaemnestra, γαίας μονόφρουρον ἕ. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>257</span>(lyr.): abs., <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>5.113</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b2">a net, toils</b>, for birds, <span class="bibl">Od.22.469</span> : mostly in pl., σπίζ' ὅπως ἐν ἕρκεσιν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>431</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>528</span>(anap.), <span class="bibl">Pherecr.209</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">HA</span>617b24</span>; for deer, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>3.51</span>; [[coils]] of a lasso, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.85</span>: metaph., τῆς Δίκης ἐν ἕρκεσιν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1611</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>60</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>986</span>(lyr.); λέκτρων ἔχεσθαι φιλτάτοις ἐν ἕρκεσι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ba.</span>958</span>, cf. <span class="title">Hymn.Is.</span>158; <b class="b3">χρυσοδέτοις ἕρκεσιν..γυναικῶν</b>, of Eriphyle's necklace, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>838</span>(lyr.).</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">fence, enclosure, court-yard; fence, net</b> (Il.).<br />Compounds: As 2. member e. g. in <b class="b3">εὑ-ερκής</b> <b class="b2">well fenced</b> (Il.); as 1. member in <b class="b3">ἑρκο-θηρ-ικός</b> <b class="b2">belonging to the hunt with a net</b> (Pl. Sph. 220c).<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">ἑρκίον</b> [[fence]] (Il., cf. <b class="b3">τειχίον</b> : <b class="b3">τεῖχος</b> a. o.); <b class="b3">ἕρκειος</b>, <b class="b3">ἑρκεῖος</b> (after <b class="b3">οἰκεῖος</b> a. o.) <b class="b2">belonging to the ἕρκος, court-yard</b>, esp. as surname of Zeus protecting the house, whose altar is in the court (χ 935); <b class="b3">ἑρκίτης</b> <b class="b2">a slave belonging to the place</b> (Amer. ap. Ath. 6, 267c, H.). - <b class="b3">ἑρκάνη</b> [[fence]] (late) from cross with <b class="b3">ὁρκάνη</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (A., E.), which has o-vocalism like [[ὅρκος]] (s. v.); cf. Chantraine Formation 198. Further <b class="b3">ἕρκατος φραγμός</b>, <b class="b3">ἑρκάτη φυλακή</b> H., <b class="b3">Ο῝ρκατος</b> locality in Kalymna (inscr. IIa; cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 147); on the suffix cf. <b class="b3">ὄρχατος</b>; s. also [[ἔρχατος]].<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [912]<b class="b2">*serk-</b> [[twine]]<br />Etymology: Seems a verbal noun (like <b class="b3">τέλος</b>, <b class="b3">γένος</b> etc.), but there is no agreeing form. Acc. to Meringer IF 17, 157f. as *wicker-work to Lat. [[sarciō]], <b class="b2">-īre</b> [[twine]], [[restore]], prop. *sew together; cf. <b class="b2">sartum tectum</b> [[unviolated]], [[complete]], prop. *twined and covered, [[sarcina]] f. [[bundle]]; to [[sarciō]] Hitt. <b class="b2">šar-nin-k-</b> (nasalinfix) <b class="b2">restore damage, correct</b>. - An orig. meaning <b class="b2">twine, wicker-work</b> is quite possible. Ernout-Meillet s. v. Pok. 912, W.-Hofmann s. [[sarciō]]. - On <b class="b3">ἕρκος ὀδόντων</b> s. Humbach, MSS. 21 (1967) 24ff. (lips, not teeth).