κύριος: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[lord]], [[ruler]], [[possessor]], adj. (m. f. n.) <b class="b2">ruling, deciding, entitled to, decided</b> (posthom.), f. <b class="b3">κυρία</b> <b class="b2">(lady) who rules</b> (hell.).<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">κυρία</b> (from <b class="b3">κυρι-ία</b>; cf. <b class="b3">κυρεία</b> from <b class="b3">κυριεύω</b> below) f. [[rule]], [[possession]] (Arist., hell.), <b class="b3">κυριότης</b> f. [[lordship]], [[rule]] (christ. lit.); <b class="b3">κυριακός</b> <b class="b2">belonging to the lord (= Christ), to the emperor</b> (Empire); <b class="b3">κυριεύω</b> <b class="b2">be, become lord, possess, get power</b> (X., Arist.) with <b class="b3">κυριεία</b>, <b class="b3">κυρεία</b> (Schwyzer 194) <b class="b2">possession, proprietary rights</b> (hell.), <b class="b3">κυριευτικός</b>, Adv. <b class="b3">-κῶς</b> <b class="b2">regarding the prop. rights</b> (pap.). - <b class="b3">κυρωθῆναι</b>, act. <b class="b3">κυρῶσαι</b>, <b class="b3">κυρόω</b> <b class="b2">become, make rightful</b> (IA.) with <b class="b3">κύρωσις</b> [[ratification]] (Th., Pl.), <b class="b3">κυρωτής</b> <b class="b2">who ratifies</b> (Att. inscr.); backformation <b class="b3">κῦρος</b> n. [[authority]], [[confirmation]] (IA.) - <b class="b3">ἄκυρος</b> [[without authority]], [[unvalid]] (Att.) with <b class="b3">ἀκυρόω</b> <b class="b2">make unvalid</b> (Din., hell.), from where <b class="b3">ἀκύρωσις</b>, <b class="b3">-ωτος</b> with <b class="b3">-ωσία</b> (late).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [592] <b class="b2">*ḱeuh₂-</b> [[swell]], [[strong]]<br />Etymology: Like e.g. <b class="b3">ἄν-υδρ-ος</b> <b class="b2">without water</b> is based on <b class="b3">ὕδωρ</b>, <b class="b3">ἄ-κυρ-ος</b> <b class="b2">without authority</b> supposes an <b class="b2">r-</b>stem, which is also seen in <b class="b3">κύρ-ιος</b>. Beside <b class="b3">κύρ-ιος</b> there may have been an <b class="b3">ο-</b>deriv. <b class="b3">*κῦρ-ος</b>, which would agree with Skt. <b class="b2">śū́ra-</b>, Av. <b class="b2">sūra-</b> [[hero]]; cf. the Skt. words for [[sun]], <b class="b2">sū́r-ya-</b> and <b class="b2">sū́r-a-</b> from <b class="b2">súvar-</b> n. (old <b class="b2">l-</b>stem, s. on <b class="b3">ἥλιος</b>). Cf. Schwyzer 727 n. 2; slightly different Wackernagel Syntax 2, 61 n. 1. From <b class="b3">*κῦρος</b> m. perhaps also <b class="b3">κυρωθῆναι</b>, <b class="b3">κυρόω</b>; but <b class="b3">κυρ-ωθῆναι</b> can be derived directly from the <b class="b2">r-</b>stem (<b class="b3">ἀνδρ-ωθῆναι</b> : <b class="b3">ἀνήρ</b>). A trace of this <b class="b2">r-</b>stem shows <b class="b3">ἔγ-κυαρ</b> [[pregnant]] (Milet, VIa), from <b class="b3">*κύαρ</b> [[foetus]] (Kretschmer Glotta 8, 250). Other derivations: Skt. <b class="b2">śávīra-</b> [[strong]], [[powerful]] (<b class="b2">*ḱeuh₂-ro-</b>), Celt., e.g. Gaul. <b class="b3">Καυαρος</b>, Welsh [[cawr]] [[giant]]; (uncertain <b class="b3">Κυάρη ἡ Ἀθηνᾶ</b> H.) - Further s. on <b class="b3">κυέω</b>.