σίναπι: Difference between revisions

|Definition=τό, <span class="bibl">Anaxipp.1.45</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PFay.</span>122.4</span>,<span class="bibl">12</span> (i/ii A.D.); gen. εως <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span>9.13</span> (ii B.C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>13.31</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>920.2</span> (ii/iii A.D.), <span class="bibl">Alex.Trall.1.12</span>; ιος <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PMich.Zen.</span>72.9</span> (iii B.C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PStrassb.</span>102.9</span> (iii A.D.); ις <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PLond.</span>2.453.6</span> (iv A.D.); dat. ι <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PFlor.</span>20.21</span> (ii A.D.); also σίνᾱπυ, Diocl. Fr.120, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>608.31</span>, <span class="bibl">703.12</span> (iii B.C.); gen. υος <span class="bibl">Sor.2.15</span> cod.; σίνηπι, Archig. ap. Gal.12.813, Crito ib.<span class="bibl">817</span>, Dsc.2.154, <span class="bibl">Artem.5.5</span>, etc.; gen. εως Asclep. ap. Gal.13.248, Dsc.1.38, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PLips.</span>97 xxxiii 4</span> (iv A.D.), etc.; ιος <span class="bibl">Aret.<span class="title">CD</span>1.2</span>, v.l. in <span class="bibl">Polyaen.4.3.32</span>, etc.; σίνηπυ, Nic. <span class="title">Fr.</span>84, Dsc.<span class="title">Eup.</span>1.14; also σίνηπυς, acc. υν, ὁ, <span class="bibl">Nic.<span class="title">Al.</span>533</span>, and σίνᾱπις, ἡ, Herod.Med.in <span class="title">Rh.Mus.</span>58.88:—<span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">mustard, Sinapis alba</b>:—in early Att. and Ion. none of these forms appear, but <b class="b3">νᾶπυ</b>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Vict.</span>2.54</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Morb.</span>3.15</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Mul.</span>1.13</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">Ath.9.367a</span>, Phryn.255. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b3">σίνηπι ἄγριον</b> or <b class="b3">Περσικόν</b>,= <b class="b3">θλάσπι</b>, Ps.-Dsc.2.156. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b3">σ. κηπαῖον</b>, <b class="b2">Brassica nigra</b>, ib.154.</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: <b class="b3">ν</b>.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">mustard, mustard plaster</b>. Can be found in late Lat. [[senpecta]]; s. Svennung Riv. fil. class. 95, 65 ff.<br />Other forms: <b class="b3">σίνηπι</b>, <b class="b3">-απυ</b>, <b class="b3">-απις</b>, <b class="b3">-ηπυς</b> (hell a. late). A variant is [[νᾶπυ]] (s.v.).<br />Compounds: A comp. is <b class="b3">*σιναπο-πηκτη</b>.<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">σινάπιον</b> (EM, gloss.), <b class="b3">-ίδιον</b> (Alex. Trall.), <b class="b3">-ινος</b> <b class="b2">of mustard</b> (Dsc., Gal.), <b class="b3">-ηρός</b> <b class="b2">spiced with mustard</b> (pap.). <b class="b3">-ίζω</b> <b class="b2">apply a mustard plaster</b> with <b class="b3">-ισμός</b> (medic.).<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]<br />Etymology: Comparable variants are found in words of Egyptian origin (<b class="b3">σίλι</b> : <b class="b3">σέσελι</b>, <b class="b3">σάρι</b> : <b class="b3">σίσαρον</b>), so the word has been thought to be of Egypt. origin (Hehn Kulturpflanzen 211, André Latomus 15, 296ff; rejected by Mayrhofer Sprache 7, 185ff.) Against the theory of Austro-Asiatic origin Kretschmer Glotta 27, 249f and Wüst <b class="b3">Ρῆμα</b> 2, 59ff, Anthropos 54 (1959) 987f. On the Greek forms Björck Alpha impurum 289f. The word can be found in late Lat. [[senpecta]]; s. Svennung Riv. fil. class. 95, 65 ff. Lat. LW [loanword] [[napus]] [[turnip]] (Plin.) and <b class="b2">sinapi(s)</b> [[mustard]]; from the last Goth. <b class="b2">sina(s)</b> , OHG [[senf]] etc. -- The form clearly goes back to a Pre-Greek <b class="b2">*synapi</b> with palatalized [[s]]; this may develop before consonant into <b class="b3">σι</b> (cf. <b class="b3">κνώψ</b> : <b class="b3">κινώπετον</b>, <b class="b3">λασιτός</b> : <b class="b3">λάσται</b>) cf. Beekes FS Kortlandt). If an [[i]] was not introduced, <b class="b2">*sn-</b> would have normally developed to <b class="b3">ν-</b> in Greek (cf. <b class="b3">νεῦρον</b>), but the <b class="b3">σ-</b> might have been retained, giving <b class="b3">*σναπυ</b>.<br />See also: s. <b class="b3">νᾶπυ</b>.