κύβος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[ῠ, v. sub fin.], ὁ, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[cube]], <span class="bibl">Ti.Locr.98c</span>; esp.<b class="b2">cubical die</b>, marked on all six sides, mostly in pl., [[dice]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.94</span>, etc.; κύβων βολαί <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Fr.</span>429</span>; ἐν πτώσει κύβων <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>604c</span>; περὶ κύβους τὰς διατριβὰς ποιούμενοι <span class="bibl">Lys.16.11</span>: prov., <b class="b3">ἀεὶ γὰρ εὖ πίπτουσιν οἱ Διὸς κ</b>., i.e. God's work is no mere chance, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>895</span>; ἔργον ἐν κύβοις Ἄρης κρινεῖ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span> 414</span>; ἄλλα βλήματ' ἐν κύβοις βαλεῖν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>330</span>; ψυχὴν προβάλλοντ' ἐν κύβοισι δαίμονος <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Rh.</span>183</span>: later in sg., οἶδ' ὅτι ῥιπτῶ πάντα κύβον κεφαλῆς… ὕπερθεν ἐμῆς <span class="title">AP</span>5.24 (Phld.); τὸν περὶ τῶν ὅλων ἀναρρίψων κύβον <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Fab.</span>14</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Pr.Im.</span>16</span>; ἐφ' ἑνὸς ἀνδρὸς ἀναρρίπτειν τὸν κ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Harm.</span>3</span>; <b class="b3">ἀνερρίφθω κ</b>., Lat.<b class="b2">jacta esto alea</b>, <span class="bibl">Men.65.4</span>, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Caes.</span> 32</span>; <b class="b3">ἔσχατον κύβον ἀφιέναι</b> try one's luck for the last time, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cor.</span> 3</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> of the single <b class="b2">pips on the dice</b>, <b class="b3">βέβληκ' Ἀχιλλεὺς δύο κύβω καὶ τέσσαρα</b> he has thrown two [[aces]] and a four, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>888</span>: prov., <b class="b3">τρὶς ἓξ… ἢ τρεῖς κύβους βάλλειν</b> 'all or nothing', <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>968e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pherecr. 124</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> in pl., <b class="b2">gaming-table</b>, <span class="bibl">Hermipp.27</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">cubic number</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">R.</span>528b</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">APo.</span>76b8</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b2">anything of cubic shape: vertebra</b>, <span class="bibl">Rhian.57</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[block]] of stone, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>276</span> (iii B.C.); of wood, <span class="title">IG</span>22.463.57, 7.3073.187 (Lebad., ii B.C.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">piece of salt fish</b>, <span class="bibl">Alex.187.4</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> kind of <b class="b2">cubic cake</b>, <span class="bibl">Eup.424</span>, Heraclid. ap. <span class="bibl">Ath.3.114a</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b2">hollow above the hips</b> of cattle, Simaristus ib.<span class="bibl">9.399b</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> <b class="b2">part of an irrigation-machine</b>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>1546</span> (iii B.C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PLond.</span>3.1177.216</span> (ii A.D.). [<b class="b3">κῦβος</b> only in late Poets, <span class="title">AP</span>14.8; [[coebus]] Aus.<span class="title">Idyll.</span>11.3.]</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[dice]] (IA.), also of the eyes of the dice (E., Pl.) and the gaming table (Hermipp. 27, pl.); metaph. of dice-like objects, [[cubus]] (Ti. Lokr.), <b class="b2">cubic number</b> (Pl., Arist.), <b class="b2">dice-like stone-, wood-block</b> (hell. pap. a. inscr.), <b class="b2">cake, piece of salted fish</b> (com.); also [[vertebra]] (Rhian. 57; after <b class="b3">ἀστράγαλος</b>) and <b class="b2">hollow above the hip of cattle</b> (Ath. 9, 399b).<br />Compounds: Some compp., e.g. <b class="b3">φιλό-κυβος</b> <b class="b2">who loves the dice</b> (Ar., Arist.).<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">κύβιον</b> <b class="b2">in the form of κύβοι salted fish</b> (com., pap.) with <b class="b3">κυβιάριον</b> name of a belonging pot (pap) 2. <b class="b3">κυβίας</b> <b class="b2">kind of tunny</b> (Opp.; on the formation Chantr. Formation 94). 3. <b class="b3">κυβοστόν</b> n. name of a fraction (Dioph.; after <b class="b3">εἰκοστόν</b> etc.). 4. <b class="b3">κυβεών</b> m. <b class="b2">gambling house</b> (Tz.). 5. <b class="b3">κυβικός</b> [[quadrangular]] (Pl., Arist.). Denomin. verbs : 1. <b class="b3">κυβεύω</b> [[dice]], [[gamble]] (Att.), also [[deceive]] (Arr.), with <b class="b3">κυβεία</b> [[dice]], <b class="b3">κυβευ-τής</b> [[dicer]], <b class="b3">-τικός</b>, <b class="b3">-τήριον</b> (Att.). 2. <b class="b3">κυβίζω</b> <b class="b2">raise to the cube</b> (Hero) with <b class="b3">κυβισμός</b> (Theol. Ar.). 3. <b class="b3">κυβᾳ̃</b> H. as explanation of <b class="b3">πεττεύει</b>.<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]<br />Etymology: The names vary from language to language and are often loans (Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 2, 423). Also <b class="b3">κύβος</b> will be a foreign word (Schwyzer 458); after Hdt. 1, 94 the Lydians claimed to have invented the game. Lat. LW [loanword] [[cubus]]. - Because of the incidental meaning <b class="b2">hollow above the hip of cattle</b> <b class="b3">κύβος</b> was with wrong idea of the development of the meaning connected with Germ., e.g. Goth. [[hups]] [[hip]] (Lat. [[cubitus]] [[elbow]]), Bq, WP. 1, 373f., Pok. 589f., W.-Hofmann s. [[cubitus]]; rejected by Kretschmer KZ 55, 89). - On <b class="b3">κύβος</b> = <b class="b3">τρύβλιον</b> (Paph., H.) cf. the words s. <b class="b3">κύπελλον</b>.