φθείρω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Aeol. φθέρρω Hdn.Gr.<span class="bibl">2.303</span>, al.; Arc. φθήρω <span class="title">IG</span>5(2).6.17 (Tegea, iv B. C.): Ion. impf. <b class="b3">φθείρεσκε</b> (δια-) <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.36</span>: fut. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> φθερῶ <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>7.2.11</span>, (δια-) <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1266</span>, etc.; Ion. <b class="b3">φθερέω</b> (δια-) <span class="bibl">Hdt. 5.51</span>; Ep. <b class="b3">φθέρσω</b> (δια-) <span class="bibl">Il.13.625</span>: aor. 1 ἔφθειρα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>244</span> (troch.), <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>7.2.4</span>; poet. ἔφθερσα Lyc.1402; Arc. 3sg. opt. (?) φθέραι <span class="title">IG</span>5(2).6.8 (Tegea, iv B. C.): pf. ἔφθαρκα <span class="bibl">Din.1.64</span>, (δι-) <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span> 226</span>; Arc. part. ἐφθορκώς <span class="title">IG</span>5(2).6.10 (Tegea, iv B. C.): —Med., fut. <b class="b3">φθεροῦμαι</b> (in pass. sense) <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>272</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Andr.</span>708</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.7.48</span>; Ion. <b class="b3">φθερέομαι</b> (δια-) <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.108</span> (v.l. [[δια-φθαρέεται]]), <span class="bibl">9.42</span> (vv. ll. <b class="b3">δια-φθαρέονται, δια-φθορεῦνται</b>); later φθαροῦμαι Archig. ap. <span class="bibl">Orib.8.23.5</span>:— Pass., fut. φθᾰρήσομαι <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">VM</span>13</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1066b30</span>, <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Ep.</span> 1p.7U.</span>, (δια-) <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>802</span>, etc., Dor. -ησοῦμαι <span class="bibl">Ti.Locr.94d</span>: aor. <b class="b3">ἐφθάρην [ᾰ</b>] <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1502</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.7.13</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>708c</span>; poet. 3pl. ἔφθαρεν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span> 3.36</span>: also part. κατα-φθερείς <span class="bibl">Epich.35.13</span>: pf. ἔφθαρμαι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>765</span>, 3pl. ἐφθάραται <span class="bibl">Th.3.13</span>; inf. ἐφθάρθαι <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1021b27</span>, (δι-) <span class="bibl">Is.9.37</span>, Aeol. ἔφθορθαι <span class="bibl">Eust.790.8</span>: plpf. 3pl. ἐφθάρατο <span class="bibl">App.<span class="title">BC</span>3.15</span>, (δι-) <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.90</span>. The compd. <b class="b3">διαφθείρω</b> is much more freq. than the simple Verb:—[[destroy]] things, μῆλα κακοὶ φθείρουσι νομῆες <span class="bibl">Od. 17.246</span>; <b class="b3">φ. τῶν Συρίων τοὺς κλήρους</b> [[waste]] them, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.76</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span> 7.2.11</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">An.</span>4.7.20</span>; τοὺς θεῶν νόμους <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1344</span>; <b class="b3">τὰς ναῦς</b> v. l. in <span class="bibl">Th. 2.91</span>; τὴν πόλιν καὶ νόμους <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>958c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.5.3</span>; εὐδαιμονίαν Din. l. c.; ἔμβρυα Dsc.2.163; τὸ συλληφθέν <span class="bibl">Sor.1.60</span> (also abs., [[miscarry]], ib.<span class="bibl">59</span>); <b class="b3">τὸν κοινὸν οἶκον</b> Mitteis <span class="title">Chr.</span>284.11 (ii B. C.): —Pass., <b class="b2">to be destroyed</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>25</span>, etc.; ἐκ τῶν αὐτῶν καὶ διὰ τῶν αὐτῶν καὶ γίνεται πᾶσα ἀρετὴ καὶ φθείρεται <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1103b8</span>; εἰς τὸ μὴ ὂν φ. <b class="b2">pass away, cease to be</b>, <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Ep.</span>1p.5U.</span>; δυὰς προσθέσει μονάδος εἰς τριάδα φθείρεται μηκέτι μένουσα δυάς <span class="bibl">Ph.2.509</span>; of animals, [[perish]], PStrassb.24.15 (ii A. D.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> of persons, <b class="b3">μαψαῦραι… ναύτας φ</b>. [[destroy]] them, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>876</span> (but perh. only Act. of signf. <span class="bibl">11.4</span>); στρατόν <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Pers.</span>244</span> (troch.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ag.</span>652</span>:—Pass., <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pers.</span>272</span>, <span class="bibl">283</span>(lyr.); γειτόνων πολλοὶ ἁμᾷ . . ἔφθαρεν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>3.36</span>; νόσῳ ἐφθάραται Ἀθηναῖοι <span class="bibl">Th.3.13</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">7.48</span>; πρόρριζον ἔφθαρται γένος <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>765</span>; <b class="b3">ἔφθαρμαι</b> I <b class="b2">am undone!</b> <span class="bibl">Men. <span class="title">Her.</span>13</span>; μὴφθαρῶσιν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PMich.Zen.</span>80.4</span> (iii B. C.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[corrupt]], [[bribe]], τινα <span class="bibl">D.S.4.73</span>; [[lure]], [[entice]], [[trap]], κημοῖσι πλεκτοῖς πορφύρας φθείρει γένος <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>504</span> (s. v. l.); φθείρει γὰρ ἡ πρόνοια τὴν ἀβουλίαν <b class="b2">entices to its ruin, entraps</b>, <span class="bibl">Trag.Adesp.484</span> (s. v.l.); [[pervert]], φθείρουσιν ἤθη χρήσθ' ὁμιλίαι κακαί <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>1024</span>:—Pass., v. infr. <span class="bibl">11.3</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> [[seduce]] a woman, ὑπὸ τῆς θυγατρὸς ἀδικούμενον καὶ Διονυσίου τοῦ φθείραντος αὐτὴν κιναίδου <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PEnteux.</span>26.11</span> (iii B. C.):—Pass., <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>485</span>, <span class="bibl">D.Chr.11.153</span> (but not Att. acc. to Phryn.53, Moer.p.103 P.), <span class="bibl">Artem.5.17</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> [[ruin]], [[spoil]], <b class="b3">ποσὶν φθείροντα πλοῦτον ἀργυρωνήτους θ' ὑφάς</b>, of one who treads on rich carpets, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>949</span>; <b class="b3">βαφὰς φθείρουσα τοῦ ποικίλματος</b>, of blood, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ch.</span>1013</span>; of a poison, ὧνπερ ἂν θίγῃ, φθείρει τὰ πάντα <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>716</span>; φαρμάκων φθείρειν πεφυκότων τὰ σώματα Gal.15.541; <b class="b3">δούλην</b> (wet-nurse) μὴ φθείρουσαν τὸ γάλα <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>1058.29</span> (i B. C.), cf. <span class="bibl">Sor.1.88</span>; <b class="b3">τοῦ σώματος</b> (sc. <b class="b3">τῶν νοσούντων</b>) <b class="b3"> φθείροντος τὸ θρέψαι δυνάμενον</b> ib.<span class="bibl">90</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">63</span>, al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> τὰ μιγνύμενα τῶν χρωμάτων οἱ βαφεῖς φθείρεσθαι καὶ φθοράν τὴν μῖξιν ὀνομάζουσιν Plu.2.393c (where μιαίνω 1 is compared). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> Pass. (cf. supr. 1.1, 2), </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> <b class="b3">φθείρεσθε</b> (as a curse) <b class="b2">may you perish! ruin take you!</b> <span class="bibl">Il.21.128</span>, <span class="bibl">Sannyr. 10</span>; <b class="b3">φθείρου</b> as an imprecation, <b class="b2">go to the devil! be off!</b> <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>460</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pl.</span>598</span>,<span class="bibl">610</span>(anap.), <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>610</span>; ἐκποδὼν ἡμῖν φθείρεσθε <span class="bibl">Herod.6.16</span>:c. gen., <b class="b3">φθείρεσθε τῆσδε</b> <b class="b2">off from</b> her! unhand her, let her go, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Andr.</span> 715</span> (so in fut. indic., <b class="b3">εἰ μὴ φθερῇ τῆσδ' ὡς τάχιστ' ἀπὸ στέγης</b> if thou [[dost]] not [[depart]]… ib.<span class="bibl">708</span>). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> with a Prep., <b class="b3">φθείρεσθαι πρὸς τοὺς πλουσίους</b>, of hangers-on and flatterers, <span class="bibl">D.21.139</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Phoc.</span>21</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Eum.</span> 14</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ant.</span>24</span>; εἰς ἡδονὰς ἀπὸ . . πόνων Anon. ap. Stob.4.31.84; ἀκούω σε λυρῳδοῦ γυναικὸς ἐρᾶν καὶ εἰς ἐκείνης φθειρόμενον πᾶσαν τὴν ἐφήμερον ἄγραν κατατίθεσθαι <span class="bibl">Alciphr.1.18</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> Medic., ἡ κοιλίη φθαρήσεται <b class="b2">will be deranged, disordered</b>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">VM</span>13</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">to be morally corrupted</b>, ἐφθάρη ἡ γῆ ἐναντίον τοῦ θεοῦ <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Ge.</span>6.11</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ho.</span>9.9</span>, al.; ἔστι ἐν Ἀλεξανδρείᾳ σκηνῶν ἐν τοῖς Ἀριστοβούλου φθειρόμενος <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>37.7</span> (iii B. C.); <b class="b3">φθαρεὶς Εὔτυχος ὑπὸ τῆς Ἀρσινόης</b> ib.<span class="bibl">620.7</span> (iii B. C.); but <b class="b3">ἐν Σικυωνίαι ἐφθαρμένους</b> is f.l. for [[ἐν Σικυῶνι διεφθ]]. (cj. Sintenis) in <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Arat.</span>40</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> of seafarers, [[wander]], [[drift]] (cf. supr. <span class="bibl">1.2</span>, πολύφθορος <span class="bibl">11.2</span>, φθορά <span class="bibl">8</span>), πόσον χρόνον πόντου 'πὶ νώτοις ἅλιον ἐφθείρου πλάνον; <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span>774</span>; <b class="b3">ναυτίλους ἐφθαρμένους</b> sailors <b class="b2">driven out of their course</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">IT</span>276</span>; ἱκέτας δέχεσθαι ποντίους ἐφθαρμένους <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cyc.</span>300</span>; of shipwrecked persons, <b class="b3">νεῶν</b> (<b class="b3">ἐκ νεῶν</b> Elmsl.) φθαρέντες <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>451</span>; also of travellers or wanderers by land, <b class="b3">οὐχ ἕνα νομίζων φθείρεται πόλεως νόμον</b> (v.l. [[τόπον]]) <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span>234</span>; ὁ Μενέλαος χρόνον πολὺν ἐφθείρετο πανταχόσε τῆς Ἐλλάδος <span class="bibl">D.Chr.7.95</span>; <b class="b3">οὐδὲν δεῖ φθείρεσθαι περιόντα</b>( = [[περιιόντα]]) τὴν ἀρχὴν ἅπασαν <span class="bibl">Aristid.<span class="title">Or.</span>26(14).33</span>; ἄνω κάτω διαθέοντας τὴν Ἑλλάδα καὶ φθειρομένους Id.1.420 J.; τῶν μετοίκων τῶν ἐξ Ἑρμιόνης οὐκ οἶδ' ὅπως εἰς Πειραιᾶ φθαρέντων <span class="bibl">Alciphr. 1.13</span>; <b class="b3">μὴ περιΐδῃς ἀγαθοὺς γείτονας εἰς στενὸν τοῦ καιροῦ φθειρομένους</b> ib.<span class="bibl">24</span>; [Ἀλέξανδρον] ὑπὲρ τὸν Ἰνδὸν κτλ. φθειρόμενον <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">An.</span>7.4.2</span>; <b class="b3">φθαρῆναι εἰς βάρβαρα ἔθνη</b> (<b class="b3">ἐν βαρβάροις ἔθνεσι</b> or <b class="b3">ἔθεσι</b> codd.) <span class="bibl">Phalar. <span class="title">Ep.</span>49</span>; <b class="b3">φθαρέντων ἐς ἀλλήλους</b> <b class="b2">falling foul</b> of one another, <span class="bibl">App. <span class="title">Praef.</span>10</span> (s. v. l.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> of women, <b class="b3">χέρσους φθαρῆναι</b> <b class="b2">pine away in</b> barrenness, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1502</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">El.</span>1181</span> (unless [[wander]], cf. supr. <span class="bibl">11.4</span>). (Cf. Skt. [[ksárati]] 'flow', later 'wane, perish', Avest. <b class="b3">γζαρ-</b> and <b class="b3">ζγαρ-</b> 'flow'.)</span>