κόραξ: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ᾰκος, ὁ, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[raven]], [[Corvus corax]] (not in Hom.); <b class="b3">πάντα τάδ' ἐν κοράκεσσι καὶ ἐν φθόρῳ</b> 'food for [[crows]]', <span class="bibl">Thgn.833</span>; κόρακες ὣς ἄκραντα γαρύετον Διὸς πρὸς ὄρνιχα θεῖον <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>2.87</span>; ἐπὶ σώματος δίκαν κόρακος… σταθεῖσα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1473</span>(lyr.); κόρακες ὥστε βωμῶν ἀλέγοντες οὐδέν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Supp.</span>751</span> (lyr.); κόραξι καὶ λύκοις χαρίζεσθαι <span class="bibl">Luc. <span class="title">Tim.</span>8</span>; in imprecations, <b class="b3">ἐς κόρακας</b> 'go and be hanged', <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>852</span>, <span class="bibl">982</span>; βάλλ' ἐς κ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Nu.</span>133</span>; ἀπόφερ' ἐς κ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pax</span>1221</span>; <b class="b3">οὐκ ἐς κ. ἐρρήσετε</b>; ib.<span class="bibl">500</span>; ἔρρ' ἐς κ. <span class="bibl">Pherecr.70</span>; πλείτω ἐς κ. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>1314</span>; <b class="b3">οὐκ ἐς κ. ἀποφθερεῖ</b>; <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Nu.</span> 789</span>; ἐς κ. οἰχήσεται <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">V.</span>51</span>; ἐξελῶ σ' ἐς κ. ἐκ τῆς οἰκίας <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Nu.</span>123</span>; ἐς κ. ἔρρειν ἐκ τῆς Ἀττικῆς <span class="bibl">Alex.94.5</span>: as a prophet of bad weather, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Fr.</span>253</span>, Thphr <span class="title">Sign.</span>16, Plu.2.129a, etc.; of fair weather, <span class="bibl">Arat.1003</span>, <span class="title">Gp.</span>1.2.6, etc.; <b class="b3">λευκὸς κ</b>., prov. of something unheard of, <span class="title">AP</span>11.417, Luc.<span class="title">Epigr.</span>43; but white ravens are mentioned by <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">HA</span>519a6</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[cormorant]], [[Phalacrocorax carbo]], ib.<span class="bibl">593b18</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> the constellation <span class="title">Corvus</span>, <span class="bibl">Arat.449</span>, <span class="bibl">Ptol.<span class="title">Tetr.</span>27</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> title of a grade in the mysteries of Mithras, <span class="bibl">Porph.<span class="title">Abst.</span>4.16</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[anything hooked]] or <b class="b2">pointed like a raven's beak</b>, cf. κορώνη <span class="bibl">11</span>, </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> [[engine for grappling ships]], Plb <span class="bibl">1.22.3</span>, <span class="bibl">App.<span class="title">BC</span>5.106</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b2">siege-engine</b>, <span class="bibl">Ph.<span class="title">Bel.</span>100.18</span>, <span class="bibl">D.S.17.44</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">hooked door-handle</b>, <span class="bibl">Posidipp.7</span>, <span class="title">AP</span>11.203, <span class="bibl">Alex.Aphr.<span class="title">in SE</span>25.17</span>; [[hook]] on a machine, <span class="bibl">Hero <span class="title">Aut.</span> 15.3</span>, <span class="bibl">Orib.49.4.16</span>, <span class="bibl">Ath.Mech.36.10</span>, <span class="bibl">Bito 50.9</span>: generally, [[hook]], Sammelb.1.24 (iii A. D.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">instrument of torture</b>, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Nec.</span>11</span> (s.v.l.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> = [[κατακλείς]], <span class="bibl">Hero <span class="title">Bel.</span>79.11</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> [[point]] of a surgical knife, σμιλαρίου Heliod. ap. <span class="bibl">Orib.44.10.5</span>; <b class="b3">κατιάδος</b> Id. ap. Sch.<span class="bibl">Orib. 44.14.4</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> <b class="b2">cock's bill</b>, Hsch. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b2">tub-fish</b> (cf. [[κορακῖνος]]), Diph.Siph. ap. <span class="bibl">Ath.8.356a</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> a plaster, Philum. ap. <span class="bibl">Aët.5.127</span>, Orib.<span class="title">Fr.</span>84. (Cf. <b class="b3">κορώνη</b>, Lat. [[corvus]], [[cornix]], etc.)</span>

|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-01-1485.png Seite 1485]] ακος, ὁ, 1) der [[Rabe]] (nach E. M. von [[κορός]], schwarz); Pind. Ol. 2, 96; Aesch. Ag. 1452 Suppl. 732; Her. 4, 15 u. Folgde. – Sehr gewöhnliche Verwünschungsformel ist ἐς κόρακας, ἄπαγ' ἐς κόρακας, βάλλ' ἐς κόρακας; auch als heftige Frage, οὐκ ἐς κόρακας; geh zum Henker! eigtl. dein Leib möge unbestattet liegen bleiben u. ein Fraß für die Raben werden; Ar. Vesp. 51. 982 Nub. 789 u. öfter; ἐς κόρακας ἔῤῥειν φασὶν ἐκ τῆς Ἀττικῆς Alexis bei Ath. XIII, 610 e; Sp.; es scheint in dieser Vrbdg nie εἰς gesagt zu sein, vgl. Reisig Conj. Aristoph. p. 252. Aehnlich πάντα τάδ' ἐν κοράκεσσι καὶ ἐν φθόρῳ Theogn. 833. – Man schwor auch beim Raben, Ar. Av. 1611. – Sprichwörtlich κόρακα λευκὸν [[ἰδεῖν]], Ep. ad. 60 (XI, 417) u. A.; vgl. Arist. H. A. 3, 12; denn der weiße Rabe ist eine Seltenheit; [[ἕως]] κόρακες λευκοὶ γένωνται Ath. VIII, 359 c. – Κόραξι καὶ λύκοις χαριζόμενος Luc. Tim. 8; ἐκ κακοῦ [[κόρακος]] κακὸν ᾠόν S. Emp. adv. rhet. 99. – Auch das Sternbild, der Rabe, Arat. 448. – 2) eine [[Fischart]], wahrscheinlich nach ihrer Farbe benannt, Diphil. bei Ath. VIII, 356 a (vgl. [[κορακῖνος]]). – 3) <b class="b2">die krumme Spitze</b> am Schnabel des Haushahns, Hesych., u. übh. jede hakenförmige Krümmung; daher – a) ein Belagerungswerkzeug, D. Sic. 17, 44; bei Schiffen gebraucht, ein Enterhaken, Pol. 1, 22, 9; σιδηροῖ, bei Ath. V, 208 d. – b) Ein Haken zum Anziehen der Thür, der [[Thürk]] lopfer, [[κόραξ]] πυλῶσι Ep. ad. 90 (XI, 203); Posidipp. bei Poll. 7, 111, vgl. 10, 23, κόρακι κρούεται ἡ [[θύρα]]. – c) eine Art [[Halseisen]], sonst [[κύφων]], oder ein anderes Marterinstrument, κλοιὸν [[ἕκαστος]] αὐτῶν καὶ κόρακα διτάλαντον ἐπικείμενος Luc. Necyom. 11. – Das Wort scheint onomatopoetisch mit [[κράζω]] zusammenzuhangen.

|etymtx=-ακος<br />Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[raven]] (Thgn., Pi.; <b class="b3">Κόρακος πέτρη</b> "raven-rock" ν 408), often metaph. <b class="b2">hook, grappling-iron, door-hook etc.</b> (hell.); also as fish-name (Diph. Siph.; s. below) and as name of a constellation (Eudox.; Scherer Gestirnnamen 191).<br />Compounds: Compp. <b class="b3">κορακο-ειδής</b> <b class="b2">raven-like</b> (Arist.), <b class="b3">ὀξυ-κόρακος</b> [[with a sharp hook]] (Paul. Aeg.).<br />Derivatives: Some fish- and plant-names (because of the colour and the voice, resp. because of the abode; Strömberg Fischnamen 114f., Pflanzennamen 119): diminut. <b class="b3">κοράκιον</b> [[small hook]] (pap.), plant = <b class="b3">ἱεράκιον</b> (Arist.), <b class="b3">κορακίσκος</b> (Gloss.), <b class="b3">κορακῖνος</b> m. [[young raven]] (Ar.), usu. fish-name, [[Sciaena nigra]] (Epich., Ar., Arist.) with f. <b class="b3">κορακινίς</b> (Gp.), dimin. <b class="b3">-ινίδιον</b> (Com., pap.); Lat. LW [loanword] [[coracīnus]] > Ital. [[coracino]] etc.; <b class="b3">κορακίας</b> m. [[chough]], [[Pyrrhocorax alpinus]] (Arist., H.), <b class="b3">Κορακιαί</b> pl. GN in Delos (inscr. IIIa; with oppositive accent); <b class="b3">κορακεύς εἶδος ἰχθύος</b> H. (Boßhardt Die Nom. auf <b class="b3">-ευς</b> 85); <b class="b3">κοράκεως</b> m. = <b class="b3">κορώνεως</b> <b class="b2">fig-tree with raven-black fruits</b> (Hermipp. 51; cf. on <b class="b3">ἐρινεώς</b> s. <b class="b3">ἐρινεός</b>); <b class="b3">κορακησία</b> plant-name (Pythag. ap. Plin.), <b class="b3">Κορακήσιον</b> GN (Pamphylia) with <b class="b3">-ήσιος</b>, <b class="b3">-ησιωτικός</b> (Pap. IIIa); on <b class="b3">-ήσιος</b> Chantraine Formation 42, Schwyzer 466; <b class="b3">κορακώδης</b> [[ravenlike]] (Arist.), <b class="b3">κοραξός</b> <b class="b2">raven-black</b> (Str.), <b class="b3">κόραξος</b> fish-name (Xenokr.) with <b class="b3">σο-</b>suffix (Schwyzer 516, Chantraine 434); (<b class="b3">κατα-)κορακόω</b> <b class="b2">lock (with a door-hook)</b> (Mon. Ant.), <b class="b3">κοράξαι ἄγαν προσλιπαρῆσαι</b>. <b class="b3">πεποίηται παρὰ τοὺς κόρακας</b> H., prob. prop. <b class="b2">hook oneself on</b>; as backformation <b class="b3">κόρακος</b> m. [[plaster]] (Paul. Aeg.)? - <b class="b3">σκορακίζω</b> prop. "wish to go to the raven (<b class="b3">ἐς κόρακας</b>)", [[drive away]], [[revile]] (Att., hell.) with <b class="b3">σκορακισμός</b> [[revilement]], [[curse]] (LXX, Plu.); cf. Schwyzer 413. - Extension on <b class="b3">κόραξ</b>, <b class="b3">κορακίας</b>, <b class="b3">κορακῖνος</b> Thompson Birds and Fishes s. vv.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [567] <b class="b2">*kor-</b> [[raven]]<br />Etymology: Onomatopoetic word in <b class="b3">-αξ</b>, cognate with the diff. formed Lat. [[corvus]] [[raven]], Gr. <b class="b3">κορώνη</b>, Lat. [[cornīx]] [[crow]], Gr. <b class="b3">κόραφος</b> bird-name (H.). In <b class="b3">-α-ξ</b> one assumes since Brugmann Grundr.2 2 : 1, 494f. because of <b class="b2">cor-n-īx</b>, <b class="b3">κορ-ών-η</b> a sonantic <b class="b2">-n̥-</b>(but <b class="b3">-ακ-</b> is productive in Greek). - More forms in Pok. 567ff., W.-Hofmann and Ernout-Meillet s. [[cornīx]]. Cf. <b class="b3">κορώνη</b>, also <b class="b3">κορκορυγή</b>; <b class="b3">κράζω</b> and <b class="b3">κρώζω</b>.