λευκός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ή, όν, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[light]], [[bright]], [[clear]] (opp. <b class="b3">μέλας</b> in all senses), αἴγλη <span class="bibl">Od. 6.45</span>; <b class="b3">λευκὸν</b> (v.l. [[λαμπρόν]])… ἠέλιος ὥς <span class="bibl">Il.14.185</span>; λ. φάος <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>708</span> (lyr.), cf. infr. <span class="bibl">11.3</span>; αἰθήρ <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Andr.</span>1228</span> (anap.); of metallic surfaces, λέβης <span class="bibl">Il.23.268</span>; <b class="b3">λ. γαλήνη</b> a [[glassy]] calm, <span class="bibl">Od.10.94</span>; of water, [[clear]], [[limpid]], <span class="bibl">Il.23.282</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.5.70</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>23</span> (anap.); λ. νᾶμα <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">HF</span>573</span>; -ότατος ποταμῶν <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Jov.</span>19</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> metaph., [[clear]], [[distinct]], of the voice, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Top.</span>106a25</span>, <span class="bibl">S.E.<span class="title">M.</span>6.41</span>: in literary sense, [[clear]], λ. στίχος <span class="title">AP</span>11.347 (Phil.): prov., <b class="b3">λευκὸς Ἑρμῆς</b>, when a rogue was detected, <span class="bibl">Macar. 5.53</span>. Adv. -<b class="b3">κῶς, πάντα φαίνειν</b>, of Hermes, <span class="bibl">Corn.<span class="title">ND</span>16</span>: Comp. -ότερον, διαλεχθῆναι <span class="bibl">Hld.7.20</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> of colour, [[white]], freq. in Hom., varying from the pure [[white]] of snow ([ἵπποι] -ότεροι χιόνος <span class="bibl">Il.10.437</span>) to the [[grey]] of dust (λευκοὶ ἐγένοντο κονισάλῳ <span class="bibl">5.503</span>); γάλα λ. <span class="bibl">4.434</span>; κρῖ <span class="bibl">5.196</span>; ἄλφιτα <span class="bibl">18.560</span>; ἡνία λεύκ' ἐλέφαντι <span class="bibl">5.583</span>; ὀδόντες <span class="bibl">10.263</span>; ὀστέα <span class="bibl">16.347</span>; ἱστία <span class="bibl">1.480</span>; φᾶρος <span class="bibl">18.353</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">λ. ἅρμα</b>, = [[λεύκιππον]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>172</span>; of the white horses used by tyrants, λ. ζεῦγος <span class="bibl">D. 21.158</span>, cf. <b class="b3">λεύκιππος; λ. λίθος</b> marble, <span class="title">OGI</span>219.36 (Sigeum, iii B.C.), etc., cf. <b class="b3">λευκόλιθος; λευκῷ&lt;ν&gt;λίθῳ λ. στάθμη</b> a [[white]] line on a [[white]] stone, prov. of explanations which do not explain, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>330</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ λ. ῥίζα</b> [[white]] root (= <b class="b3">ἡ τοῦ δρακοντίου</b>, acc. to Gal.19.118), <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Morb.</span>2.48</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Nat.Mul.</span>32</span>; freq. of [[white]] or [[grey]] hair, λ. κάρη <span class="bibl">Tyrt.10.23</span>; θρίξ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>1092</span>; λ. γῆρας <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Aj.</span>625</span> (lyr.); λευκὰ γήρᾳ σώματα <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">HF</span> 909</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> of the human skin, [[white]], [[fair]], sts. as a sign of youth and beauty, <b class="b3">χρώς, πήχεε</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.11.573</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.23.240</span>; <b class="b3">λ. παρειά, παρηΐς</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>1239</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>923</span>; <b class="b3">σάρξ, δέρη</b>, ib.<span class="bibl">1189</span> (v.l.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">IA</span>875</span> (troch.); freq. with the notion of [[bare]], <b class="b3">κῶλον, πούς</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ba.</span>665</span>, <span class="bibl">863</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ion</span> 221</span> (lyr.); cf. [[λευκόπους]]. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> of persons, <b class="b2">white-skinned</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>474e</span>: hence, [[weakly]], [[womanish]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>191</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ec.</span>428</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>3.4.19</span>; λευκῶν ἀνδρῶν οὐδὲν ὄφελος <span class="bibl">Macar.5.55</span>; cf. <b class="b3">λευκόπρωκτος, λευκόχρως</b>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">d</span> <b class="b3">λευκαὶ φρένες</b> in <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.109</span> is expld. by Hsch. <b class="b3">μαινόμεναι</b>, [[frantic]], [[passionate]] (cf. <b class="b3">λευκῶν πραπίδων· κακῶν φρενῶν</b>, Id.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">λ. χρυσός</b>, [[pale]] gold, i.e. gold <b class="b2">alloyed with silver</b> (prob. the same as <b class="b3">ἤλεκτρον</b>), opp. <b class="b3">ἄπεφθος χρυσός</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.50</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> metaph., [[bright]], [[fortunate]], [[happy]], λευκὸν ἦμαρ νυκτὸς ἐκ μελαγχίμου <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>301</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ag.</span>668</span>; a [[joyful]] day or [[holiday]], <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Aet.</span>1.1.2</span>; <b class="b3">λ. ἡμέρα</b> a [[happy]] day, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>6</span>, cf. Sch.Call.<span class="title">Iamb.</span>in <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PSI</span>9.1094.39</span>; variously expld. in <span class="bibl">Phylarch. 83</span> J., <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Per.</span>27</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ λ. ψῆφος</b> the vote of acquittal, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Harm.</span>3</span>, cf. Hsch. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b3">λεύκη, ἡ, leuko/n, τό</b>, as Subst., v. sub vocc. (Cogn. with Lat. [[lux]], etc.)</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: adj.<br />Meaning: [[hell]], [[clear]], [[white]] (Il.);<br />Compounds: many compp., some with prefix, e. g. <b class="b3">διά-</b>, <b class="b3">παρά-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπί-</b>, <b class="b3">ὑπό-λευκος</b> (Strömberg Prefix Studies 161).<br />Derivatives: 1. Substantiv. with oppositive accent (Schwyzer 380 a. 420) : <b class="b3">λεύκη</b> f. [[white efflorescence]] (IA.), [[white poplar]] (Att., hell.) with <b class="b3">λεύκινος</b> <b class="b2">of white poplar</b> (Arist., hell. inscr. ), <b class="b3">Λευκαῖος</b> surn. of Zeus (Paus.), <b class="b3">λευκαία</b> (<b class="b3">-έα</b>) <b class="b2">white poplar etc.</b> (pap.); <b class="b3">λεῦκος</b> m. name of an unknown fish (Theoc.) with <b class="b3">λευκίσκος</b> m. [[white mullet]] (Hikes. ap. Ath., Gal.), s. Strömberg Fischnamen 22 f., Thompson Fishes s. vv. 2. f. <b class="b3">λευκάς</b> [[white]] (Nic.), as subst. rock- and islandname (ω 11), also plantname [[Lamium]] (Dsc.). 3. Further subst.: <b class="b3">λευκότης</b> f. [[whiteness]] (IA.), <b class="b3">λευκίτας</b> m. name of he-goat (Theoc. 5, 147; Redard Les noms grecs en <b class="b3">-της</b> 113), <b class="b3">λεύκηθρον</b> plantname (Dsc. 3, 96; v. l. <b class="b3">λάκηθρον</b>; Strömberg Pflanzennamen 147); <b class="b3">Λεύκαρος</b> (< <b class="b3">-αλος</b>?), <b class="b3">-αρίων</b> PN (Epich., inscr.; Schulze Kl. Schr. 115 n. 3, v. Wilamowitz Glaube 1,65A.1; Leumann Glotta 32, 223 n. 2; also <b class="b3">Δευκαλίων</b> with diff. dissimilation?, s. Schulze l.c.); after Krahe IF 58, 132 Illyr. (beside GN <b class="b3">Λευκάριστος</b>), s. also Mayer Glotta 32, 82. - 4. Verbs: a. <b class="b3">λευκαίνω</b> <b class="b2">make white, colour ...</b> (μ 172; cf. Treu Von Homer zur Lyrik 219) with <b class="b3">λεύκανσις</b> (Arist.), <b class="b3">λευκασία</b> (PHolm., Cyran.; on the formation Schwyzer 469) <b class="b2">bleaching, making white etc.</b>; also as rivern. in Messenia beside <b class="b3">Λευκάσιον</b> Arc. GN (Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforsch. 2, 237; 5, 106 a. 217); <b class="b3">λευκαντής</b>, <b class="b3">-τικός</b> <b class="b2">white-painter</b> resp. <b class="b2">-painting</b> (Gloss., sch.). b. <b class="b3">λευκόομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-όω</b> <b class="b2">become white, make λευκός </b> (Pi., Att.) with <b class="b3">λεύκωμα</b> <b class="b2">table painted white</b> (Att.), [[white speck in the eye]] (Arist., pap.) with <b class="b3">-ωματικός</b>, <b class="b3">-ωματώδης</b>, <b class="b3">-ωματίζομαι</b> (medic., sch.); <b class="b3">λεύκωσις</b> = <b class="b3">λευκασία</b> (PHolm. 3, 6 [cf. Lagercrantz ad loc.]), <b class="b3">-ωτής</b> (<b class="b3">-ωτός</b>?; Att. inscr., meaning unknown). c. <b class="b3">λευκαθέω</b> only ptc. gen. pl. <b class="b3">λευκαθεόντων</b> [[gleaming white]] (Hes. Sc. 146), metr. reshaping at verse-end for <b class="b3">λευκαθόντων</b> from <b class="b3">λευκάθω</b> (Wackernagel Glotta 14, 44 ff. = Kl. Schr. 2, 852 ff.), with <b class="b3">Λευκαθέα</b>, with secondary <b class="b2">o-</b>vowel <b class="b3">Λευκοθέα</b> (Od., Pi.) name of a goddess, with <b class="b3">τὰ Λευκάθεα</b> feast on Teos, <b class="b3">-θεών</b> monthname (Ion.); lengthened form <b class="b3">λευκαθίζω</b> [[gleam white]] (Hdt., LXX), also <b class="b3">-ανθίζω</b> (after <b class="b3">ἄνθος</b>; empire), s. Wackernagel l.c. - On <b class="b3">λεύσσω</b> [[see]] s. v.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [687] <b class="b2">*leuk-</b> [[white]]<br />Etymology: As original verbal noun with Skt. <b class="b2">rocá-</b> [[lighting]] identical, to <b class="b2">rócatē</b> [[light]]. An old ablauting verbal noun is Lat. [[lūcus]] [[wood]], [[forest]], prop. [[lighting]] (with [[Jūnō Lūcīna]] ; s. Leumann Sprache 6, 156ff.), Lith. <b class="b2">laũkas</b> [[field]], Germ., e. g. OHG [[lōh]] [[overgrown lighting]], Skt. <b class="b2">loká-</b> m. [[free space]], [[world]], IE <b class="b2">*louko-s</b> m. To this great wordgroup belongs from Greek a. o. <b class="b3">λεύσσω</b>, <b class="b3">λύχνος</b>, <b class="b3">λοῦσσον</b>, s. vv.