ποινή: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ἡ, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">bloodmoney, were-gild, fine</b> paid by the slayer to the kinsmen of the slain, c. gen. pers., ἵνα μή τι κασιγνήτοιό γε π. δηρὸν ἄτιτος ἔῃ <span class="bibl">Il.14.483</span>; π. δ' οὔ τις παιδὸς ἐγίγνετο τεθνηῶτος <span class="bibl">13.659</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">9.633</span>; ἐνείκεον εἵνεκα ποινῆς ἀνδρὸς ἀποφθιμένου <span class="bibl">18.498</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> generally, <b class="b2">price paid, satisfaction, requital, penalty</b>, Κύκλωψ ἀπετείσατο π. ἰφθίμων ἑτάρων <span class="bibl">Od.23.312</span>; δυώδεκα λέξατο κούρους, π. Πατρόκλοιο <span class="bibl">Il.21.28</span>; πολέων δ' ἀπετίνυτο ποινήν <span class="bibl">16.398</span>; υἷος π. Γανυμήδεος <span class="bibl">5.266</span>; <b class="b3">τοῖς ἔνι π., ἔστ' ἐπὶ καὶ τῷ π</b>., <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>749</span>,<span class="bibl">755</span>; <b class="b3">τῶν ποινήν</b> <b class="b2">in return for</b> these things, <span class="bibl">Il. 17.207</span>; so also <b class="b3">ποινὴν τῆς Αἰσώπου ψυχῆς ἀνελέσθαι</b> accept [[satisfaction for]] A.'s life, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.134</span>; <b class="b3">ποινὴν τείσειν Ξέρξῃ τῶν κηρύκων τῶν ἀπολομένων</b> give Xerxes [[satisfaction for]] the death of the heralds, <span class="bibl">Id.7.134</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>543</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>564</span> (pl.), <span class="bibl">Antipho 2.4.11</span>; <b class="b3">ποινῆς εἵνεκα</b> by way of [[penalty]], Epigr.Gr.356.3 (Hadriani): freq. in pl., <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>270</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Eu.</span> 464</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ποινὰς τεῖσαι</b> to pay [[penalties]], <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>2.58</span>; τίνειν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>112</span>, <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">Cyr.</span>6.1.11</span>; δοῦναι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>446</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">π. λαμβάνειν</b> exact [[them]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tr.</span> 360</span>; τᾶς ὕβριος <span class="title">IG</span>42(1).122.98 (Epid.).—Rare in Prose, <b class="b3">δίκη</b> being the usual word. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> in good sense, [[recompense]], [[reward for]] a thing, <b class="b3">τεθρίππων, καμάτων</b>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>1.59</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">N.</span>1.70</span>; εὐχὰς ἀγαθὰς ἀγαθῶν ποινάς <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Supp.</span>626</span> (anap.); ποινὴν εὐσεβίης <span class="title">IG</span>14.1437. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> [[redemption]], [[release]], π. τίς ἔσται πρὸς θεῶν; <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.63</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> personified, <b class="b2">the goddess of vengeance</b>, μᾶτερ, ἅ μ' ἔτικτες… ἀλαοῖσι καὶ δεδορκόσι ποινάν <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Eu.</span>323</span> (lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>200</span> (lyr.): pl., <span class="bibl">Aeschin.1.190</span>, <span class="bibl">Plb.23.10.2</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> Astrol., name of a <b class="b3">κλῆρος</b>, <span class="bibl">S.E.<span class="title">M.</span>5.15</span>; also of the sixth <b class="b3">τόπος</b>, Paul.Al.<span class="title">M.</span>1. (I.-E. <b class="b2">qu̯oi-nā</b>, cf. Avest. <b class="b2">kaēnā-</b> 'punishment', 'vengeance', Lith. [[kaina]], Slav. [[cèna]] 'price', cogn. with <b class="b3">τίνω, τεῖ-σαι</b>.) </span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: [[ransom]], [[fine]], [[penalty]], [[vengeance]] ( ep. poet. II.).<br />Compounds: Compp., e.g. <b class="b3">ποιν-ηλατέω</b> <b class="b2">to pursue with vengeance</b> (on the fomation s. <b class="b3">ἐλαύνω</b>), <b class="b3">νή-ποινος</b> [[unpunished]], [[unavenged]] (Od.); on [[ἄποινα]] s. v.<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">ποι[ν]ίον</b> n. = <b class="b3">ποινή</b> (Delph. IVa; like <b class="b3">πεδ-ίον</b>, <b class="b3">χωρ-ίον</b> a.o.); 2. the adj. <b class="b3">ποίν-ιμος</b> [[avenging]] (S.; like <b class="b3">νόμιμος</b>, <b class="b3">αἴσιμος</b>, Arbenz 77), <b class="b3">-αῖος</b> [[punishing]], [[avenging]] (late); 3. the verbs a. <b class="b3">ποιν-άομαι</b> <b class="b2">to avenge oneself</b> (E.) with <b class="b3">-άτωρ</b> (A., E.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 22f.), <b class="b3">-ήτωρ</b> (Nonn.), <b class="b3">-ητήρ</b> (Opp.) [[avenger]]; f. <b class="b3">-ῆτις</b> [[avengeress]] (AP); b. <b class="b3">-ίζομαι</b> in aor. <b class="b3">-ίξασθαι</b> <b class="b2">to exact a penalty</b> (Arc. VIa). Also 4. <b class="b3">ποι-νώματα τιμωρήματα</b> H.; after <b class="b3">μίσθωμα</b>, <b class="b3">κεφάλωμα</b>, <b class="b3">μηχάνωμα</b> etc. (cf. Chantraine Form. 187; change to <b class="b3">-ήματα</b> not necessary).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [637] [[kʷoina]] [[punishment]], [[vengeance]]<br />Etymology: Identical with Av. [[kaēnā]] f. [[punishment]], [[vengeance]]; here also the semantically deviating Lith. <b class="b2">káina</b> f. [[price]], [[utility]] and Slav., e.g. OCS <b class="b2">cěna</b> f. <b class="b3">τιμή</b>', Russ. <b class="b2">cěná</b> f. [[price]], [[worth]] (oxytone as <b class="b3">ποινή</b>; Schwyzer 380); all from IE <b class="b2">*kʷoinā</b>; on the difference in meaning cf. <b class="b3">τιμή</b> beside <b class="b3">ποινή</b> and Heubeck Gymnasium 56, 252 ff.; also Luther Weltansicht u. Geistesleben 64 f. -- Old <b class="b2">nā-</b>formation (Porzig Satzinhalte 345 f.) of a verb [[requite]], [[mend]] in <b class="b3">τίνω</b> etc.; s. v. Cf. also Fraenkel s. <b class="b2">káina</b> and Vasmer s. <b class="b2">cěná</b> with further forms and rich lit. Lat. LW [loanword] [[poena]] (from where NHG [[Pein]] etc.); s. W.-Hofmann s. v., also w. lit. and with rejection of other poposals.